University of Makati

Empowerment Technology Higher School ng UMak

Lesson 1.1
INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)

Time started: ____________

Time Ended: ____________
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

1. maximize their knowledge on how ICT affects their lives and nation;
2. compare online platforms, sites, and contents;
3. analyze the different trends in ICT and use them to their advantage; and
4. understanding the world of ICT.

KNOWLEDGE BOOSTER
Information

refers to the knowledge obtained from reading, investigation, study or research. The tools to
transmit information are the telephone, television and radio. We need information to make decisions and
to predict the future.

Communication

is an act of transmitting messages. It is a process whereby information is exchanged between

individuals using symbols, signs or verbal interactions. Previously, people communicated through sign or
symbols, performing drama and poetry. With the advent of technology, these ‘older’ forms of
communication are less utilized as compared to the use of the Internet, e-mail or video conferencing.

Technology

is the use of scientific knowledge, experience and resources to create processes and products that
fulfill human needs.

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) deals with the use of different communication
technologies such as mobile phones, telephones, the internet, etc. to locate, save, and edit information.

ICT in the Philippines

Several international companies dub the Philippines as the “ICT Hub of Asia”. It is no secret that
there is a huge growth of ICT-related jobs around the country, one of which is the call center or BPO
(Business Process Outsourcing) centers.

According to the 2013 edition of Measuring the Information Society by the International
Telecommunication Union, that are 106.8 cellphones per every 100 Filipinos in the year of 2012. This implies
that for every 100 Filipinos, seven of them own two cellphones.

In the data gathered by the Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industries and NSO (2010),
the ICT industry shares 19.3% of the total employment population here in the Philippines.

To add to this statistics, Time Magazine declared Makati City, Philippines as Selfie capital of the
world while Cebu City ranks 9.

World Wide Web (WWW)

The World Wide Web, commonly referred to as WWW, W3, or simply the web is an interconnected
system of public web pages accessible through the internet. It was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989.

When the World Wide Web was invented, most pages were static (also known as Flat page or
Stationary Page) in the sense that the page was "as is" and could not be manipulated by the user. The content
was also the same for all users. This was referred to as Web 1.0

However, the World Wide Web was more than just static pages. Pretty soon, Web 2.0 came to the
picture. Web 2.0 is a term coined by Darcy DiNucci in January 1999.

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Web 2.0 is the evolution of Web 1.0 by adding a dynamic web pages-the user can see a website
differently than others. Examples of Web 2.0 include social networking sites, blogs, wikis, video sharing,
hosted services, and web applications. Web 2.0 allows users to interact with the page instead of just reading
it. The user may be able to comment or create a user account. Web 2.0 also allows users to use a web browser
rather than simply using their operating system. Browsers can now be used for their user interface,
application software (or web application), and even for file storage. Most websites that we visit today are
Web 2.0.

Features of Web 2.0

1. Folksonomy – Allows the user to categorize and classify/arrange information using a freely chosen
word (e.g., tagging). Popular social networking sites such as Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, etc. use
tags to start with the pound sign (#). This is also referred to as HASHTAG.

2. Rich User Interface – Content is dynamic and is responsive to the user's input. An example would
be a website that shows local content. In the case of the social networking site, when logged on, your
account is used to modify what you see on their website.

3. User Participation – The owner of the website is not the only one who can put content. Others can
place on their own using comments, reviews, and evaluations. Some websites allow readers to
comment on an article, participate polls, or review a specific product (e.g., Amazon.com, online stores).

4. Long Tail – Services that are offered on-demand rather than on a one-time purchase. In certain
cases, time-based pricing is better than file size-based pricing or vice versa. This is synonymous with
subscribing to a data plan that charges you for the amount you spend on the internet or data plan
that charges you for the amount of bandwidth you used.

5. Software as a Service – Users will subscribe to software only when needed rather than purchasing
them. This is a cheaper option if you do not always need to use the software. For instance, Google
Docs is a free web-based application that allows the user to create and edit word processing and
spreadsheet documents online. When you need software, like a Word processor, you can purchase it
for a one-time huge amount and install it on your computer and it is yours forever. Software as a
service allows you to "rent" software for a minimal fee.

6. Mass Participation – Diverse information sharing through universal web access. Since most users
can use the internet, Web 2.0's content is based on people from various cultures.

Web 3.0 and the Semantic Web

The Semantic Web is a movement led by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). The W3C
standard encourages web developers to include semantic content in their web pages. The term was coined by
the inventor of the World Wide Web, Tim Berners-Lee. Lee also noted that the semantic web is a component
of Web 3.0.

According to the W3C, "The Semantic Web provides a common framework that allows data to be
shared and reused across application, enterprise, and community boundaries." The aim of Web 3.0 is to have
machines (or servers) understand the user's preferences to be able to deliver web content specifically targeting
users. For example, when doing a web search in Web 2.0, the top most result is based on the preferences of
several users who already searched for the item. The search engine then labels it as the most common answer
to the search query. Though there are instances wherein several preferences are considered like geographic
location., Web 3.0 aims to do better. This is through studying the personal preferences of an individual user
and showing results based on those preferences. The internet can predict the best answer to your questions
by "learning" from your previous choices.

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For example, if you search the internet for "Where is the best place to go shopping”, Web 3.0 will aim
to give you a result depending on how you made choices in the past. If you have purchased several shoes
online, the internet will give you a result of the best places with the highest rated shoes around your vicinity.

Web 3.0 is yet to be fully realized because of several problems:

1. Compatibility – HTML files and current web browsers could not support Web 3.0
2. Security – The user's security is also questionable since the machine is saving his or her
preferences
3. Vastness – The World Wide Web already contains billions of web pages.
4. Vagueness – Certain words are imprecise. The word "old" and "small" would depend on the users.
5. Logic – Since machine uses logic, there is a certain limitation for a computer to be able to predict
what the user is referring to at a given time.

Trends in ICT
1. Convergence
Technological Convergence is an evolution of technological developments that merge into new
system bringing together different types of applications and media.

For example, aside from calling and texting using the smartphone, you can also use it for browsing
the internet or creating a word document.

2. Social Media
It is a collection of internet-based communication tools and computer-assisted channels dedicated
to allow users to interact, communicate, and share information in a virtual community and
network.

There are six (6) types of social media:

1. Social Network – These are the sites that allow you to connect with other people with
the same interest or background. Once a user creates his or her account, he or she can set
up a profile, add people, create groups, and share content.
Example: Facebook

2. Bookmarking Sites – These are the sites that allow you to store and manage links to
various websites and resources. Most of these allow you to create a tag that allows you
and others to easily search or share them.
Example: StumbleUpon and Pinterest.

3. Social News – These are sites that allow users to post their news items or links to other
news sources.
Example: Reddit and Digg

4. Media Sharing – These are sites that allow you to upload and share media content like
images, music, and video.
Example: Flickr, YouTube, and Instagram

5. Microblogging - These are sites that allow users to focus on short updates. Those who
subscribed to the user will be able to receive these updates.
Example: Twitter and Plurk

6. Blogs and Forums - These are websites that allow users to post their content. Other
users can comment on the said topic.
Example: Blogger, WordPress, and Tumblr

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3. Mobile Technologies - The popularity of smartphones and tablets have taken a major rise over
the years. The devices' large capacity to do tasks that was originally found in PCs.

Mobile devices use a different operating system:

1. iOS – is used in apple devices such as the iPhone and iPad.
2. Android - an open-source OS developed by Google.
3. Blackberry OS – is used in blackberry devices.
4. Symbian - the original smartphone OS used by Nokia devices.
5. WebOS (Palm/HP) - The WebOS is a mobile operating system that was developed by Palm.
It based on the Linux Kernel. The HP uses this operating system in its mobile and touchpads.
6. Windows Mobile - developed by Microsoft for smartphones and pocket PCs.
7. Harmony OS - he harmony operating system is the latest mobile operating system that was
developed by Huawei for the use of its devices. It is designed primarily for IoT devices.
8. Palm OS - The palm operating system is a mobile operating system that was developed by
Palm Ltd for use on personal digital assistants (PADs). It was introduced in 1996. Palm OS
is also known as the Garnet OS.

4. Assistive Media - is a non-profit service designed to help people who have visual and reading
impairments. A database of audio recording is used to read the user.

Assignment
1. What is Netiquette?
2. Identify the rules of netiquette.
3. What is the internet?
4. What are Internet threats?
5. What are the types of Malware?

References
1. Lara, M. B. (2016, November 03). Lesson 1 Empowerment Technology. Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/maricelbaldomerodelara/lesson-1-empowerment-technology
2. (Nerval, Lesson 1: Empowerment Technology Information and Communication Technology
2018)https://www.academia.edu/36905646/Lesson_1_Empowerment_Technology_Information_and_
Communication_Technology
3. (n.d.). Retrieved June 09, 2020, from https://www.armoredpenguin.com/crossword/
4. Bookstore, R. (2016). RBS Empowerment Technologies. Manila, Luzon: Rex Bookstore.

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