A Vocational Training Report In “C.S.P.D.C.L” Submitted In partial fulfillment of requirement for the degree of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING In Electrical Engineering By Submitted to Submitted By Mr. Gaurav Sharma Name : Pramendra Kumar Singh Asst Professor CRN. 234 Electrical Department URN, 2300102416034 Enrollment No :16010101224 Semester 26" Year :2019 cee A Department of Electrical Engineering saa Bhilai Institute of Technology Aveo Bhilai House, Durg, CG. Se Session 2019 — 2020 eeCHHATTISGARH STATE POWER DISTRIBUTION COMPANY LTD. C+ P DC L (A Government of Chhattisgarh Undertaking)(A successor Co, of CSEB) —— CIN- U40108CT2003S6C015822 | Ok O/o Executive Engineer (O&M)Dn. C.S.P.D.C.L, Bhilai Phone No. 0788-2242509 Fax 0788-2242509 E-mail ID:- [Link]@[Link] NO. 10-32/Estt/ 2,499 [Link] D & Aye 2019" CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Mr Pramendra Kumar Singh student of Vith semester E.E. (Branch) of BIT Durg has undergone vocational training on Power transformer and 33 / 11 KV sub-station at JE KUMHARI DC UNDER AE R-I Sub Dn CSPOCL BHILAI during the period from 01.07.19 To 30.07.19 During the course of training his behavior and conduct was found good Place: Bhilai -3 Dated:-26.08.2019 K/ BE ([Link]-87426069) Executive Engineer (O&M) Dn. C.S.P.D.C.L, BhilaiDECLARATION BY THE STUDENT 1, Pramendra Kumar Singh student of 6" semester/2019 in Electrical Engineering Department declare that I. Have actively undergone 30 days training at CHHATTISGARH STATE POWER DISTRIBUTION COMPANY KUMHARI 33KV/11KV SUBSTATION from 1- 07-19 to 30-07-19 and all the information provided in this report is true to the best of and will bear all the responsibilities of all possible discrepancies. | assert that the statements made and conclusions drawn are an outcome of my project experience. I further certify that is 2 The work contained in the report is original and has been done by me. The work has not been submitted to any other Institute for any other degree/diploma/certificate in this university or any other University of India or abroad. We have followed the guidelines provided by the University in writing the report. Whenever we have used materials (data, theoretical analysis, and text) from other sources, we have given due credit to them by citing them in the text of the report and giving their details in the references. Name : Pramendra Kumar Singh Date 315.10.19 LE CRN. 334ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1 feel great pleasure on my vocational training report on CHHATTISGARH STATE POWER DISTRIBUTION COMPANY LTD. KUMHARL. I am very thankful to my training officer who gave me this opportunity to undergo vocational training and supporting my practical background knowledge fortunately. I express my sincere gratitude to my friends and training members for supporting me to complete my vocational training. And last but not the least I am also thankful to my teachers and parents and appreciate their efforts without it would not be able to complete this project report.Bee en INDEX CHHATTISGARH STATE POWER COMPANIES TRANSMISSION MAP 132/33KV DURG SUBSTATION SUBSTATION LAYOUT SUBSTATIONS TRANSFORMERS PLCC ISOLATORS INSULATORS CAPACITOR BANK PROTECTION OF SUBSTATION AIR BREAK SWITCH COMBINED INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER CONCLUSIONCHHATTISGARH STATE POWER COMPANIES. Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board was formed in accordance with the Section 5 of the Electricity Supply Act 1948 as per the Notification published in the gazette of the Government of Chhattisgarh dated 15 November 2000. Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board (CSEB) became functional w.e.f. 01.12.2000. Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board has been reorganized into five companies in accordance with the provisions contained in the Section 131-134 of Electricity Act 2003 by the Govt. of Chhattisgarh these are - CHHATTISGARH STATE POWER HOLDING COMPANY LTD. CHHATTISGARH STATE POWER GENERATION COMPANY LTD. CHHATTISGARH STATE POWER TRANSMISSION COMPANY LTD. CHHATTISGARH STATE POWER DISTRIBUTION COMPANY LTD. CHHATTISGARH STATE POWER TRADING COMPANY LTD. WayneA:Primary power lines! side B: Secondary power lines' side [Link] power lines [Link] transformer [Link] wire [Link] arrester [Link] lines [Link] transformer 4,Transformer for measurement [Link] building of electric voltage [Link] fence [Link] switch [Link] power lines [Link] breaker [Link] transformer [Link] arrester Components of a Substation * Power Transformer © Current Transformer © Voltage Transformer «Insulator © Earthing system * Isolation Switches * Circuit breakers © Surge arrestor © Switchgear * RelaySUBSTATIONS A substation is a part of electrical generation, transmission , distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels. Substations may be owned and operated by an electrical utility, or may be owned by a large industrial or commercial customer. Generally substations are unattended, relying on SCADA for remote supervision and control. A substation may include transformers to change voltage levels between high transmission voltages and lower distribution voltages, or at the interconnection of two different transmission voltages. Substations are classified by two broad categories:- 1, According to the service requirement: Transformer substation Switch substation Power factor correction substation Frequency change substation Converting substation Industrial substation Collector Substation Convertor Substation Switching Substation 2, According to the constructional features: Indoor substation Outdoor substation Underground substation Pole mounted substationTRANSFORMER SUBSTATION They are known as transformer substations as because transformer is the main component employed to change the voltage level, depending upon the purposed served transformer substations may be classified into: a) STEP UP SUBSTATION The generation voltage is steeped up to high voltage to affect economy in transmission of electric power. These are generally located in the power houses and are of outdoor type. b) PRIMARY GRID SUBSTATION Here, electric power is received by primary substation which reduces the voltage level to 33KV for secondary transmission. The primary grid substation is generally of outdoor type. ©) SECONDARY SUBSTATIONS At a secondary substation, the voltage is further steeped down to 11KV. The 11KV lines runs along the important road of the city. The secondary substations are also of outdoor type. d) DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATION These substations are located near the consumer's localities and step down to 400V, 3- phase, 4-wire for supplying to the consumers. The voltage between any two phases is 400V & between any phase and neutral it is 230V. 10OO] SUBSTATION CHARACTERISTICS . Each circuit i : : ‘ach circuit is protected by its own circuit breaker and hence plant outage does not necessarily result in loss of supply. A fault on the feeder or transformer circuit breaker causes loss of the transformer and feeder circuit, one of which may be restored after isolating the faulty circuit breaker. A fault on the bus section circuit breaker causes complete shutdown of the substation. All circuits may be restored after isolating the faulty circuit breaker. Maintenance of a feeder or transformer circuit breaker involves loss of the circuit. Introduction of bypass isolators between bus bar and circuit isolator allows circuit breaker maintenance facilities without loss of that circuit. CONDUCTORS USED IN SUBSTATION DESIGN An ideal conductor should fulfill the following requirements: a) b) °) d) °) ) Should be capable of carrying the specified load currents and short time currents. Should be able to withstand forces on it due to its situation. These forces comprise self- weight, and weight of other conductors and equipment, short circuit forces and atmospheric forces such as wind and ice loading. Should be corona free at rated voltage. Should have the minimum number of joints. Should need the minimum number of supporting insulators. Should be economical. The most suitable material for the conductor system is copper or aluminums. Steel may be used but has limitations of poor conductivity and high susceptibility to corrosion. In an effort t 1 make the conductor ideal, three different types have been utilized, and these include: Flat surfaced Conductors, Stranded Conductors, and Tubular Conductors. ioo OVERHEAD LINE TERMINATIONS Two methods are used to terminate ovethcad lines at a substation. ors to substation structures or buildings tors to ground winches. a) Tensioning conduct b) Tensioning conduct The choice is influenced The ch by the height of towers and the proximity to the substation. The following clearances shoul id be observed: VOLTAGE LEVEL MINIMUM GROUND CLEARANCE Tess than T1kV im - LIkV - 20kV 6.4m 20KV - 30kV 6.7m | greater than 30kV 7.0m Clearance in accordance with voltage value STANDARD SIZES OF CONDUCTOR FOR LINES OF VARIOUS VOLTAGES The following sizes have now been standardized by CEA for transmission lines of different voltages:- i s ai Tein Moose "ACSR having 7-Strands of ste! of dia 3.53 mm and 54-Strands of Aluminum of dia 3.53 mm. at Se Rese taiitn 7-strand of steel of dia 3.18 mm and 54-Strands of Aluminum of ‘Zel dia 3.18 mm. inum of z rine TACSR having 7-strands of steel of dia 3.00 mm and 30-Strands of Aluminum of ‘Panthe dia 3.00 mm. 2 i aaTransformers fo ; A ews ny mcextttis machine, which transforms the potential of altemating current at same a en’y. ik means the transformer transforms the low voltage into high voltage & high voltage to low voltage at same frequency. It works on the principle of static induction principle. When the energy is transformed into higher voltage, the transformer is called step up transformer but in case of other is known as step down transformer, TYPES OF TRANSFORMERS 1. Power Transformer tis used for the transmission purpose at heavy load, high voltage greater than 33 KV & 100% efficiency. It also having a big in size as compare to distribution transformer, it used in generating station and Transmission substation at high insulation level. They can be of two types: Single Phase Transformers and Multi Phase Transformers. changing transformer and have star star winding These are on load tap connection . 13Their winding positi i '8 Position and configuration is shown bel eee eas low of one of the ies n SYMBOL 2. Instrument Transformers These transformers are used for the measurement purposes at that points where standard voltmeters and ammeters cannot be used. They are of two types: a) CURRENT TRANSFORMER Accurrent transformer (CT) is used for measurement of altemating electric currents. When current in a circuit is too high to apply directly to measuring instruments, a current transformer produces a reduced current accurately proportional to the current in the circuit, which can be conveniently connected to measuring and recording instruments, A current transformer isolates the measuring instruments from what may be very high voltage in the monitored circuit, 14b) We are implementing CT at both the 132 kV side and the 33KV side .We are using CT made by CROMPTON GREAVES ,HEPTACARE POWER INDUSTRIES ,HINDUSTAN BROWN BOVERI etc. POTENTIAL OR VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER Voltage transformers (VT) (also called potential transformers (PT)) are a parallel connected type of instrument transformer, used for metering and protection in high-voltage circuits or phasor phase shift isolation. They are designed to present negligible load to the supply being measured and to have an accurate voltage ratio to enable accurate metering. A potential transformer may have several secondary windings on the same core as a primary winding, for use in different metering or protection circuits. The name plate of one of the PT used is shown below 15VvuvvvvVVvvwsevevv se VeuUeVesvete Seu vwneCeeeCee SS En TY cnr oT —— Keirieinees EULCIST Taw 4. On the basis of working On the above basis, transformers are of two types: Step up Transformer and Step down Transformer. 5. Distribution Transformers A distribution transformer is a transformer that provides the final voltage transmission in the electrical power distribution system, stepping down voltage to the level used by customers. We have only | distribution transformer in our substation which is of 33kV/400volt. This is used to give supply to our substation.Ausmission & Distribution Network: PLCC was first adopted in the electrical ‘ion transmis and distribution system to transmit b. Home control 4 automatior it information at a fast rate, ‘Automation: PLCC technology is used in home control and This technology can reduce the re: management, energy conservation, etc, c. Entertainment: eae Sources as well as efforts for activities like power ecommunication: Data transmission for different types of communications like telephonic communication, audio, video communication can be made with the use of PLCC technology, ¢ — Seeurity Systems: In Monitoring houses or businesses through surveillance Somers PLCC technology is far useful £ Automatic Meter Reading — Automatic Meter reading applications use the PLCC ‘echnology to send the data from home ISOLATERS In electrical engineering, a disconnector, disconnect switch or isolator that an electrical circuit is completely de-energized for service ot maintenance. Such sites are often found in electrical distribution and industrial applications, where machinery must have te Souree of driving power removed for adjustment or repair. High-voltage isolation switchs are tsed in electrical substations to allow isolation of apparatus such as circu breakers, transformers, and transmission lines, for maintenance, The disconnector is usually not intended for normal control of the circuit, but only for safety isolation. Disconnector can be operated either manually or automatically (motorized disconnector). switch is used to ensure Unlike load break switches and circuit breakers, of electric arc, which occurs when conductors c: Thus, they are off-load devices, some other control device. disconnectors lack a mechanism for suppression arrying high currents are electrically interrupted. intended to be opened only after current has been interrupted by Safety regulations of the utility must prevent any attempt to open the 18eeeecee Vive ye ee ye eee Vy eee UU VC Cee disconnector while it supplies a circuit. Standards in some countries for safety may require either local motor isolators or lockable overloads (which can be padlocked). In some designs, the isolator switch has the additional ability to earth the isolated circuit thereby providing additional safety. INSULATORS An electrical insulator is a material whose intemal electric charges do not flow freely, and therefore make it very hard to conduct an electric current under the influence of an electric field. The insulator serves two purposes. They support the conductors (bus bar) and confine the current to the conductors. The most common used material for the manufacture of insulator is porcelain, There are several types of insulators and their use in substation will depend upon the service requirement. Different types of insulator are:- * Pin type insulator The pin type insulator is mounted on a pin on the cross-arm on the pole. There is a groove on the upper end of the insulator. The conductor passes through this groove and is tied to the insulator with annealed wire of the same material as the conductor. Pin type insulators are used for transmission and distribution of electric power at voltages up to 33 kV. Beyond operating voltage of 33 kV, the pin type insulators become too bulky and hence uneconomical. * Suspension insulator 19 a a) ?ease See CONCLuston Now from this report one can conclude that electricity plays an important role in our life. At the end of the training, I came to know about the various parts of substations and how they are operated, Also I learnt about how transmission is done in various parts of Chhattisgarh. As evident from the report, a substation plays a very important role in the transmission system. That's why various protective measures are taken to protect the substations from various faults and its smooth functioning. Chhattisgarh State Power Distribution Company Ltd. takes such steps so that a uniform and stable supply of electricity can reach in every part of this state.