A TECHNICAL REPORT ON STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK

EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

AT

GENERAL HOSPITAL MUBI

ADAMAWA STATE

BY

ADAMU HABIBU
ST/PT/ND/19/163

SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY, FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC MUBI

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE

AWARD OF NATIONAL DEPLOMA (ND) IN PHARMACEUTICAL
TECHNOLOGY.

AUGUST, 2021

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 DEDICATION

This technical report is dedicated to Almighty Allah, who has given me the

opportunity, knowledge, wisdom and understanding during the course of my

industrial attachment and also to my beloved parents.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Dedication..............................................................................................................ii
Table Of Contents.................................................................................................iii
1.0 Introduction......................................................................................................1
1.1 Background......................................................................................................1
1.2 Purpose Of Siwes.............................................................................................1
1.3 Aim And Objectives Of Siwes.........................................................................1
2.0 Brief History General Hospital Mubi...............................................................2
2.2 Organizational Chart........................................................................................3
2.3 Working Experience.........................................................................................4
2.4 Main Dispensing Unit......................................................................................4
2.4.1 Prescription....................................................................................................4
2.4.1.1 Some Basic Terms/Abbreviations Used In Prescription............................5
2.4.2 Dispensing.....................................................................................................5
2.4.2.1 Basic Steps Necessary In Dispensing.........................................................5
2.4.2.2 Some Equipment Used In Dispensing........................................................6
2.4.3 How To Improve Communication Between Pharmacy And Patient............6
2.4.4 Patient Counseling.........................................................................................7
2.4.5 Prescription Refilling....................................................................................7
2.5 Experimental Procedure...................................................................................7
2.5.1 Introduction To Drugs...................................................................................7
2.5.2 Classification Of Drugs.................................................................................7
2.5.2.1 Antibiotics..................................................................................................7
2.5.2.3 Antimalarial................................................................................................8
2.6 Main Pharmacy..............................................................................................10
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2.6.1 Peptic Ulcer.................................................................................................10
2.6.1.1 Types Of Peptic Ulcer..............................................................................10
2.6.1.2 Causes Of Peptic Ulcer............................................................................11
2.6.1.3 Classification Of Peptic Ulcer Drugs.......................................................12
2.6.1.4 The Generic And The Brand Name Of Some Drugs................................12
2.6.4 Antiviral......................................................................................................13
2.6.4.1 Causes Of Hiv/Aids..................................................................................13
2.7 The Size Of Cannula......................................................................................14
3.0 Summary, Conclusion And Recommendation...............................................15
3.1 Summary........................................................................................................15
3.2 Conclusion......................................................................................................15
3.3 Recommendations..........................................................................................16

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1.1 INTRODUCTION

Student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) was introduced by the

Federal Government under industrial training policy skills in 1973, also known as

industrial training (IT). It’s a compulsory training program skill designed to expose

and prepare students of Nigerian University, polytechnic, Collage of Education,

Collage of Health and Technology and Collage of Agriculture, for the purpose of

meeting practical aspect in the various field of knowledge. This program was

developed under the guidance of Ministry of Education.

1.2 PURPOSE OF SIWES

The program was designed to supplement theoretical learning of students

from academic institution with exposure to practical activities of various courses of

studies and how to handles equipment and machineries which may not be available

at the institutions of learning.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

1. To help the student greatly to know the rules and regulations and the nature

of the work in the industry.

2. To exposed students towards the methods of handling equipments and tools

which may not be available in educational institution.

3. To help students gain experience in life.

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 4. To prepare students for business by contributing his or her analytical power

with self-reliance.

5. To strengthen the relationship between educational institution and industrial

sector.

6. To exposed and prepare students in engineering technology and related

fields for the working industrial situation. They are likely to meet after they

have graduated to acquire knowledge, skills, experience and attitude.

7. To provide an opportunity of human relation with industrial works thereby

exposing students to work experience in life.

2.0 BRIEF HISTORY GENERAL HOSPITAL MUBI

General hospital Mubi is located at Wurobulude ward near police headquarters

Mubi south and opposite city bookshop. The Hospital has the following

departments:

1. Pharmacy unit

2. Financial department

3. Administrative department

4. Marketing unit

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 2.2 ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
CEO MD

MD

Pharmacist Director

Manager
Pharmacy attendant

Production manager Accountant Sales manager Purchase manager

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2.3 WORKING EXPERIENCE

During the student working experience scheme (SIWES) which I have undergone

at General Hospital Mubi, I was posted to the pharmacy department which I

worked in various units including:

1. Main dispensing unit

2. Peadiatric unit

In the above listed units, I acquired experience to so many things regarding

pharmaceutical services which include dispensing, packaging and distribution. I

also acquired knowledge on various classes of drugs, their mode of action,

common uses, side effects, route of administration, doses and dosage forms, and

brief path physiology of some diseases.

2.4 MAIN DISPENSING UNIT

2.4.1 Prescription

Prescription is an order from a qualified registered medical doctor, dentist,

vetenary surgeon for the supply of medication or medical supplied. It contains the

following information: the patient name and address, the prefix, Rx-instruction for

the patient, prescription signature and address and the date on which prescription is

written.

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2.4.1.1 Some basic terms/abbreviations used in prescription

Abbreviation (terms) Latin Meaning

OD Semel die Once a day

Bid/bd Bis in die Twice a day

Tid/tds Ter in die Thrice times a day

Qid/qd Quarter die Four times a day

M Mane In the morning

Caps Capsule A capsule

Tabs Tabella A tablet

PRN Pro-re-nata When needed

2.4.2 Dispensing

Dispensing can be defined as all the activities involved in the process of making

drugs available to a patient in a manner that enables the patient to take the drug

rationally.

2.4.2.1 Basic steps necessary in dispensing

a. Read and verify.

b. Interpret the prescription, what does the prescription say, what kind of drug

is required.

c. Prepare the drug (i.e. pack the required quantity.

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 d. Supply the drugs and label it appropriately.

e. Counsel the patient on adherence

f. Documentation

2.4.2.2 Some equipment used in dispensing

1. Counting tray

2. Dispensing spoon

3. Dispensing envelop

4. Record book

2.4.3 How to improve communication between pharmacy and patient

1. Explain things clearly in plain language

2. Focus on key message only and repeat them

3. Effectively solicit question; what question do you have

4. Use a “show me” technique to check the

5. Patient friendly material

2.4.4 Patient counseling

Patient counseling is refers to the confidential discussion between the pharmacy

staff and the patient that enable the patient to mange his/her illness.

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2.4.5 Prescription refilling
Prescription refilling is refers to the process of providing drug to the patient as they

come to the hospital from time to time, e.g. antiretroviral drugs.

2.5 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

2.5.1 Introduction to drugs

Drugs can be defined or regarded as any chemical substance other than food

which affect living process. In other words, drug is any substance which when

inhaled, injected, resulting in therapeutic effect, either be it tablet, syrup, capsule,

powder, infusion, etc.

2.5.2 Classification of drugs

2.5.2.1 Antibiotics
Antibiotics or antibacterial drugs are mostly drugs used to treat diseases caused by

bacterial infection. It belongs to a class of cephalosporin, under the third

generation. It inhibits the bacterial cell wall. It can be administer intramuscular,

oral or intravenous and is excreted through the kidney.

Ceftriaxone: it is used in the following treatment:

a. Pneumonia

b. Middle ear infection

c. Urinary tract infection

d. Gonorrhea

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 e. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Ceftriaxone contain vial 1g of powder, 10ml oral water for injection and 1% w/v

lidocaine, the lidocaine is used for intramuscular injection only.

Interpretation solution

1. Tabs. Cefuroxime 500mg

2. Inj. Cefuroxime 500mg

3. Usp. Cefuroxime 125mg/250mg/5ml each

Other examples of antibiotics include; Augmentin, Ciprofluxacin, amoxicillin,

Ampiclox, etc.

2.5.2.3 Antimalarial
Malaria is a parasite that commonly infects a certain type of mosquito which feeds

on humans. The parasites are spread to people through the bites of an infected

female anopheles mosquito.

There are five (5) species of malaria

1. Plasmodium falciparum

2. Plasmodium vivax

3. Plasmodium ovale

4. Plasmodium malaria

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 5. Plasmodium knowlesi

Antimalarial combination therapy

Antimalarial tablets

1. Artemether + Lumefantrine 120mg/480mg

2. Artesunate + amodiaquine 100mg/270mg

3. Dihydroartemisinin piperaquine phosphate 40mg/320mg

4. Sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine 500mg/25mg

5. Quinine 300mg

Antimalarial injection

1. Artesunate injection 60mg/1 vial

2. Quinine injection 60mg/2ml vial

3. Artemether injection 80mg/2ml vial

How to administer antimalarial drug

Antimalarial drugs are to be taken with fatty food due to their rapid degree of

mediation on fatty medium.

Signs and symptoms of malaria include; headache, fever, vomiting i.e. malaria

(m.p)

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Plan (Rx)

i.m artemether 120mg x 3/7

i.m paracetamol 500mg start

i.m metoclopramide 8.5mg start

tabs. Quinine 300mg tds x 3/7

tabs. Amoxyl 500mg tds x5/7

2.6 MAIN PHARMACY

The experiences gained in the unit are as follows:

1. Dispensing of drugs

2. Lectures on peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

2.6.1 Peptic ulcer

Peptic ulcers are sores that develop in the lining of the stomach, lower esophagus

or small intestine. They are usually formed as a result of inflammation caused by

the bacteria H. pylori, as well as from erosion from stomach acids.

2.6.1.1 Types of peptic ulcer

There three types of peptic ulcer, these include:

1. Gastric ulcers: ulcers that develop inside the stomach.

2. Esophageal ulcers: ulcers that develop inside the esophagus.

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 3. Duodenal ulcers: ulcers that develop in the upper section of the small

intestines called the duodenum.

Signs and symptoms of peptic ulcer

a. Feeling of fullness and bloating

b. Heart burn

c. Nausea

d. Burning stomach ache

e. Weakness of the body, etc.

2.6.1.2 Causes of peptic ulcer

a. Regular use of certain pain relievers, especially NSAID

b. Smoking

c. Bacteria H. Pylori

d. Mental strength and emotional stress

e. Cognate hyperacidic, etc.

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2.6.1.3 Classification of peptic ulcer drugs

Proton pump Antacid Antimicrobial H2 receptors Cytoprotective

inhibitors agent
(PPI)
Omeprazole Gauiscon Amoxicillin ranitidine Misopristol
Rabeprazole Gascol Clarithomycin Famotidine Sucralfater
e
lansoprazole Mmt Tetracyclino Nizatidine
Esomeprazole Simethiicobe metronidazole
pantopraole Gestid

2.6.1.4 The generic and the brand name of some drugs

Generic name Brand name
Diclofenaec Cataflam
Co-trimazole Septrim
Aceclofenac Paracetamol
Frusemide Laxis
Hyoscine Boscopan
Clotrimazole Caneston
Tramadot Tradyl

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2.6.4 Antiviral
HIV/AID is a non-communicable infected virus which stage on the white blood

cell. And it is categorized into four stages base on the who requirement. They

are as follow

1. Stage one (1) assymptomatic

2. Stage two (2)weight boss < 10%

3. Stage three (3) loss >10% of the body

4. Stage four (4) AIDS

2.6.4.1 Causes of HIV/AIDS

Way through which HIV/AIDS can be infected are as foll owa .

1. Sesual transmission

2. Blood transmission

3. Mother to child transmission (breast feeding)

4. Use of infected shape objects e.t.c.

Signs and symptom of HIV/AIDS

1. Chronic diarrhea

2. Rashes all over the body

3. Chronic fever / cough

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 ARD (anti retro viral drugs)

The ARD are combined drugs they are classified in to regimens and pediatric

dosing. They as follows

First Line regiment

a. Tenofouir / Nevirapine / Zidovudine

b. Effaviren / Lamivudine / Tenofovir disproxil fumerate
c. Dolutegravir / Lamivudine / Tenofovir disproxil famrate (TLD)

Second Line regiment

a. Atazanavir (as sulphate) ritonavir

b. Aluvi a (lupinavir/ritonovir)
c. Tenofovir disproxi /fumerate/lamivudine
d. Lamivudine / zidovudine

Pediatric regiment

a. Nevirapine suspension 50mg/8ml

b. Lamivudine/Nevirapine/Zidovudine

Note: the ARD are given base on weight and age i.e BMI (body mass index)

2.7 THE SIZE OF CANNULA

I was taught the sizes of cannula such as:

1. Green = 18
2. Yellow = 24
3. Blue = 22

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 4. Pink = 20
5. Lash = 16

3.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

3.1 SUMMARY

SIWES is process whereby students acquire knowledge on theoretical study that is

been done during lecture period. The program was designed to supplement

theoretical learning of students from academic institution with exposure to

practical activities of various courses of studies and how to handles equipment and

machineries which may not be available at the institutions of learning.

Prescription is an order from a qualified registered medical doctor, dentist,

vetenary surgeon for the supply of medication or medical supplied. It contains the

following information: the patient name and address, the prefix, Rx-instruction for

the patient, prescription signature and address and the date on which prescription is

written.

Dispensing can be defined as all the activities involved in the process of making

drugs available to a patient in a manner that enables the patient to take the drug

rationally.

Finally, industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) accorded me unique

opportunity in my field of study.

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3.2 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the SIWES program is very important that must be continued. It has

actually bridged a gap in the theoretical and practical knowledge acquired in

classroom. It was also an opportunity to close the gap between theoretical aspects

of pharmacy and the practice outside after school. Above all it offered me

opportunity to appreciate my journey in school so far. Trusting and believing that

in the nearest future, one would be a pharmacist worth looking up to.

3.3 RECOMMENDATIONS

Having completed industrial attachment exercise coupled with the experience

gained, I wrote down the following recommendations:

1. Students should take their activities more serious under supervision. For this

reason, supervisory visit should be on a weekly basis for the first two

months.

2. The importance of this exercise should be reiterated to the students so that

most students will comply to the demand and intention of setting up the

programme.

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