ESTEBAN, ROMNOEL M.

July 2, 2021

RZL110 C5

Tracing the Family Tree and Uprooting the Problem

1. The Ibarra family tree

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Don Pedro Eibarramendia

• Crisostomo Ibarra's great-grandfather, Don Pedro Eibarramendia, was a Spaniard who spoke
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Tagalog fluently and had established the Eibarramendian lineage in San Diego. He was known for
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bartering clothing, jewelry, and money for wood from the rightful owners. Soon later, he hanged
himself from a Balete tree, where he had been discovered by the town's residents. He married a
Filipina or mestiza and had one child, Don Saturnino Eibarramendia, during his tenure here.
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Eibarramendia (Wife of Don Pedro Eibarramendia)

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• She is the mother of Don Saturnino Eibarramendia and the wife of Pedro Eibarramendia, who is
either a Filipino or a Mestiza.

Don Saturnino Eibarramendia

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• Crisostomo Ibarra's grandpa, Don Saturnino Eibarramendia, arrived in San Diego shortly after his
father died, claiming to be his son. He was known for being a diligent worker who was passionate
about agriculture, and he built the city while it was still a big forest. The pair had a child, Don
Rafael Ibarra, when he married a Filipina from Manila. The surname Eibarramendia was reduced
to Ibarra during this time.

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 Eibarramendia (Wife of Don Saturnino)

• She is the mother of Don Rafael Ibarra and a Filipina woman from Manila who married Don
Saturnino.

Don Rafael Ibarra

• Don Rafael was the richest merchant in San Diego and was known for his compassion among the
locals. He married a Filipina of the Magsalin ancestry and had Crisostomo Ibarra, the novel's
primary protagonist, whom he had sent to Europe to study. Don Rafael was imprisoned for
mistakenly killing a tax collector; the tax collector was killed by Don Rafael. He was shoved to the
ground and died when his head collided with a rock. Don Rafael is imprisoned and eventually
succumbs to pneumonia. He is well-known for criticizing the Spanish friars. When we say so, we're
referring to his opposition to Spanish-ruled religious organizations of men. Padre Damaso was
one of the people who fought him because the priest was envious of his money. Don Rafael was
also known as Erehe, a name coined by Dr. Jose Rizal to characterize those who hold unusual

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beliefs. This frequently goes against the basic principles taught in churches.

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Ibarra (Wife of Don Rafael)

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• Her maiden name is Magsalin, and she is the mother of Juan Crisostomo Ibarra y Magsalin and

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the wife of Don Rafael Ibarra.
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Juan Crisóstomo Ibarra y Magsalin

• Juan Crisostomo Ibarra y Magsalin, also known as Ibarra, is Don Rafeal's son and descendant from
San Diego's wealthiest family. He is classified as a Spanish-mestizo due to his ancestors. Maria
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Clara was a childhood friend of his. In 1874, he went to Europe to study. While he was abroad,
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Don Rafael and Colonel Tiago arranged his marriage to Maria Clara.
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• As the son of a distinguished family, he acted in a manner befitting his position and ensured that
everyone was courteous. When it came to safeguarding his father's heritage or saving someone's
life, he was willing to go against the rules. He may even get enraged by those who oppose his
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wishes.
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• Apart from Don Crisostomo Ibarra being the only known member with Filipino blood to study in
Spain and the family tree coming to an end due to Don Crisostomo's death in El Filibusterismo,
there had been no major changes from one generation to the next with Rafael Ibarra and his son,
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Crisostomo Ibarra. The Ibarra family's misfortune was notable throughout Don Crisostomo's
generation, as his father died in prison due to false allegations and misunderstandings, and his
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body was exhumed from the grave for the Catholics by Father Damaso's order.
• Ibarra was an honest and idealistic young man. He attempted to improve the country, influenced
by his European education. As part of this, he believed in the power of education to make reforms,
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and he attempted to open a school in San Diego. Ibarra was unaware of his rivals since he believed
in the good of all entities as part of his idealism. Despite this, Ibarra argued that certain forms of
oppression, such as the brutal Guardia Civil, were necessary for civilization to function.

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 3. What do these changes suggest about the Creole or full-blood Spaniards in the Philippines?

• As he reflected on the events of the time, Rizal was chronicling the Creole Revolution in the
Philippines, as seen by his books, which depicted changes in Creoles.
• There can be assumptions about Creole or full-blood Spaniards' nationality and passion based on
the alterations. For the first, it implies that Creoles are not full-blooded Spaniards, as previously
assumed, and that Creole in the Philippines were not, in the purest sense of the word, Creole.
Creoles are Filipinos and Mestizos by nature, as shown in the family tree and explained in the first
question.
• It is the rate at which their bloodline has grown from a single line to a mixed line. This is consistent
with the term's meaning of "born in the Philippines."
• According to the study, mixed Spaniards who were born and raised in the Philippines can hold
positions in the civil bureaucracy such as mayor, governor, and lower positions, as opposed to
full-blooded Spaniards who were born and raised in Spain, who have the most benefit because
they are the only ones who can hold the highest positions in government, churches, and

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organizations. However, it was not immediately regarded as a concern, as the Creoles did not

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place a high value on blood purity. During the 200 years that the Philippines were threatened by

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invasion by the Chinese, Japanese, British, and Dutch, the islands remained unbroken.

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