Unit 3 Test

Vocabulary
1 Complete the text with the words in the box. There is an example at the beginning (0).

brick cardboard concrete cotton glass leather metal nylon plastic rubber wood

The wonder of materials

How far has civilization in Europe depended on the development of materials? Here is a rough guide.
Houses
Originally, of course, most houses in Europe were made of (0)  wood from trees. The material was plentiful
in forests and easy to cut and use. In the Middle Ages, builders began to use (1)  to build important
buildings. Made from dried clay from river beds, and baked in ovens, this material was long-lasting and resistant
to fire. It was at this time that (2)  started to be used in windows, especially in churches, to let in light.
In the nineteenth century, building techniques were revolutionized by the invention of reinforced (3)   ,
a material so hard and strong that you could build skyscrapers from it. In more recent times, cheaper or more
ecological materials have been used in house building. The wikkelhouse, for example, is a new type of house
made from (4)   , a material made from layers of packed paper.
Cars
Early cars were made from steel, a strong, light, shiny, man-made (5)  , which had also been used in trains.
The material that really revolutionized cars, however, was (6)   , a material produced by trees in south-east Asia.
Its elastic properties made it perfect for tyres.
Clothes
The first clothes were hand-made from natural products. (7)  from animal skins was used to make coats,
boots and jackets, for example. In the eighteenth century, there was an explosion in the use of (8)  in clothes
manufacturing. A white, fluffy material, it was grown in huge amounts on slave plantations and shipped
to Europe to be made into shirts and dresses. The invention of man-made synthetic material, commonly referred
to with the generic term (9)   , revolutionized the manufacture of just about everything, from toys to furniture.
(10)   is a synthetic material with the properties required to make clothes, notably stockings and dresses.

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2 Decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits the gap in each sentence. Here is an example (0).
0 There’s a flu spreading across the country. Thousands are ill!
A starvation B congestion C epidemic D poverty
1 Use this can to take the top off the can and get the food out.
A key B opener C hook D breaker
2 Don’t forget your phone  . You don’t want the battery to go flat.
A charger B maker C holder D switch
3 We’re out of ink. We need a new printer  .
A case B carton C box D cartridge
4 Buying these boxes was a great idea. It’s a solution for all my storage needs.
A helping B neat C cutting D cute
5 We custom- all our cars to the exact demands of people who buy them. That’s why they are so expensive.
A make B manufacture C build D construct
6 The hotel is luxurious and located in the city centre but it doesn’t cost the to stay there.
A world B life C earth D leg
7 We want to find a solution to the problem. We’d like to fix it and never have to worry about it again.
A long-term B well-made C labour-saving D time-consuming
8 We only use environmentally- products.
A easy B friendly C helpful D pleasant
9 The photocopier is out of again. It seems to have broken down.
A use B work C order D shape
10 Don’t eat those biscuits. They’re date.
A off B away from C over D out of
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 Grammar
3 Complete the text using the correct future form of the verbs in brackets. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Today we (0) ’re going to look  (look) at the question of climate change. The problem (1)  (get) more
and more serious each day, and may even (2)   (be) so bad that it is irreversible. This speech has a clear
prepared outline. I (3)   (talk) about ozone layers and about how evidence shows that ice caps
(4)   (melt) if we don’t take action. In the next twelve days, I (5)   (visit) ten capital cities to
spread this message – I’m sure you (6)   (agree) that’s a pretty demanding itinerary!
I usually deliver my lecture first, but, actually, today, I think I (7)   (do) things differently. I think
I (8)   (start) by asking you, my audience, to write on a piece of paper what you think is probably
(9)   (happen) in the next twenty years or so to our climate. We are about (10)   (face)
disaster. Are you ready to act or are you feeling complacent?

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4 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not
change the word given. You must use between two and four words, including the word given. Here is an example (0).
0 It’s possible that we’ll have underground cities in the future.
EVEN
We might even have underground cities in the future.
1 The economy’s going to take a hit in the next few weeks.
ABOUT
The economy a hit.
2 We’re flying to Cuba at midday tomorrow.
BE
At midday tomorrow, we to Cuba.
3 When will this project of theirs be complete?
COMPLETED
When will they this project?
4 How much longer will your studies on this course take?
STUDYING
How much longer this course?
5 Dad’ll fall asleep before the end of the film.
HAVE
By the time the film ends, Dad  .
6 Current statistics show a probable future rise in house prices.
TO
According to current statistics, house prices rise in the future.
7 I expect you to feel a lot better by tomorrow afternoon.
MUCH
You’ll better by tomorrow afternoon.
8 I don’t intend spending the holiday visiting museums – and that’s for sure.
DEFINITELY
I’m spend the holiday visiting museums.
9 With no time for lunch between now and the end of the walk, Tom will be bad-tempered.
HAD
Tom will be bad-tempered by the end of the walk because he time for lunch.
10 Do you want a sandwich from the café? I’m just about to go and get one.
GOING
get a sandwich from the café. Do you want one?

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 Reading
Historic Solar Flight Shows Promise
Completing the first trip around the world exclusively
on solar power, the experimental Solar Impulse has
shown what may be possible in energy and flight. When
it concluded its journey in the summer of 2016, the Solar
Impulse became the first aircraft to circumnavigate the globe
without a drop of liquid fuel. The flight took seventeen
months, and included stops in seventeen cities. Sun power
propelled the pilots across approximately forty-three
thousand kilometres of sky, and their landing in Abu Dhabi
happened one day after the birthday of Amelia Earhart, who
was the first woman to fly alone across the Atlantic in 1932.
Although a significant moment in the history of flight,
Solar Impulse was always more about energy than aviation.
Outlining his vision for the project more than twelve
years ago, Bertrand Piccard, one of the pilots on the Solar
Impulse, noted that clean energy wasn’t being promoted
properly. Solar Impulse, then, is an airborne argument
for solar technologies. According to the supporters of the
project to fly on solar energy alone, it will cut the world’s
energy consumption in half and protect a warming planet.
Of course, impressive though the flight was, solar-
powered commercial air travel at the capacity and speeds
the general public would expect isn’t yet possible, and
probably won’t be in most of our lifetimes. Solar Impulse
can only carry one person at a time – the pilot – and
travels at about the speed of a car, seventy-five kilometres
per hour, so it isn’t likely to appeal to people keen to fly to
the beach for their holidays.
A lot of what the achievement of the Solar Impulse is
demonstrating is probably going to be relevant to earth-
bound applications before it becomes important to flight.
For example, the plane’s lightweight materials and other
components could be used on the road. Its super-efficient
engine ran on electricity generated from 17,248 solar cells.
These were special, energy-dense batteries which,
uniquely, stored sun power so the plane could fly at
night. It proved that a 24-hour electrical system, powered
exclusively by renewable energy, is possible. The project
helped develop solar cells that are nearly fifty per cent
more efficient than regular ones.
A major supporter of the journey was Masdar, the
sustainability testing ground located in Abu Dhabi, Solar
Impulse’s beginning and ending destination. ‘In Abu Dhabi,
you can feel the excitement surrounding Solar Impulse,’
says Masdar CEO Mohamed Jameel Al Ramahi. ‘Being
the host city is a source of tremendous national pride.’
In particular, he says, the plane’s 118-hour flight over
the Pacific Ocean ‘shattered the myth that solar energy
captured by PV panels can’t be stored and utilized at night.’
Here again is where Solar Impulse stands for advances that
will more likely appear first on the ground, as power plants
look to introduce more renewable energy while balancing
the intermittent nature of the sun and wind.
While much of the technology aboard the Solar Impulse
may be better employed on the ground for now, there
is one area that seriously interests the aviation industry.
Dan Rutherford, program director for marine and
aviation technology at the International Council on Clean
Transportation, notes that Solar Impulse is not just about
the solar power. It’s also about using electricity instead
of combustion and hydraulics to power flight. ‘We’ve
already seen a movement toward more electric aircraft,’
Rutherford says, pointing to the Boeing Dreamliner,
which has batteries that power its auxiliary system and
computers. Between the amazing advancements on the
Solar Impulse and the most advanced commercial planes
there are similarities. Although it may well be a while
before we get on board a plane powered by the sun, it
isn’t going to be that long before trans-Pacific planes are
exclusively using electricity to fly.

5 You are going to read an article about solar-powered flight. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?
Or is there not enough information (N) to say if the sentences are true or false? There is an example at the beginning (0).
0 The Solar Impulse set off on its historic journey round the world in the summer of 2016. F
1 No source of energy other than that provided by the sun was used during the Solar Impulse’s historic flight.
2 The Solar Impulse landed in Abu Dhabi one day later than originally planned.
3 The main reason why Piccard wanted to fly the Solar Impulse round the world was to create aviation history.
4 It’s unlikely that ordinary people will go on solar flights in the near future.
5 People designing vehicles may be interested in the technology used in the Solar Impulse.
6 The text suggests that the Solar Impulse used batteries that were better at storing energy than any previously used.
7 Jameel Al Ramahi says that Masdar made a significant investment to get the Solar Impulse to start and finish
its journey in Abu Dhabi.
8 Al Ramahi believes that the Solar Impulse’s flight proved something about solar energy that people had
previously doubted.
9 Dan Rutherford says that the Solar Impulse has increased the likelihood that we will have solar-powered
flight in the future.
10 According to the text, advanced commercial planes have already installed aspects of technology learned
from the flight of the Solar Impulse.

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 Listening Writing
6 [115] You will hear people talking in five different 7 Read the task below.
situations. For questions 1–10, choose the best answer
(A, B or C). There is an example at the beginning (0). You’ve booked a twin room at a hotel. However, you
want to change it to a room with a double bed and
A hotel guest calls reception a cot for an infant. You also want to book the hotel’s
0 Which room is the guest in? restaurant for dinner and find out whether there’s
A Room 8 parking at the hotel. Write an email to the hotel
B Room 18 asking for these things.
C Room 80
1 What’s the problem? Write your email (180–200 words). Make sure you:
A The hotel has given the guest the wrong room.
include a greeting and the reason for writing.
B The guest needs a bed for a one-year-old baby.
C The beds in the room aren’t suitable for the guest. include an apology and request for a change
to your booking.
2 How will the receptionist solve the problem?
A by moving the guests to a different room include a request for dinner and an enquiry
B by changing the furniture layout in the room about parking.
C by getting the right bed for the baby include good wishes and an appropriate ending.
Two work colleagues are talking next to a photocopier
3 What does the man do? ___ / 10
A He apologizes for damaging the machine. Speaking
B He blames somebody else for the damage.
C He asks for help to repair the machine.
8 Read the task below and give your presentation
in class.
4 What does the woman suggest?
A moving the machine
Prepare a two-minute presentation for your teacher
B placing the machine elsewhere
and classmates about your study or career plans and
C accessing the machine using a lever
how you think life will have changed for you in the
A radio commercial for a vacuum cleaner next ten years.
5 How does the commercial describe the Dixon 125?
A as an appliance that won’t break down easily In your presentation, include:
B as an appliance that costs less than other brands
a description of your plans for courses you plan to do,
C as an appliance that’s been on the market for a while
what you hope to do after completing a course, or what
6 What does the commercial say about the appearance you plan to do next in your career.
and feel of the Dixon 125?
where you hope and/or expect you will be in ten
A It’s small for a vacuum cleaner.
years’ time.
B It isn’t difficult to move it around.
C It’s made of cutting-edge materials.
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Dan’s leaving a phone message
7 What’s the relationship between Dan and Jane?
A They’re flatmates.
B They’re brother and sister.
C They’re old school friends.
8 Why has Dan left Jane a message?
A He’s asking her to let him in because he has no key.
B He’s informing her that he’s delivering
something.
C He’s reminding her about something.
Simon is calling his friend Melissa
9 What does Simon say to Melissa?
A He tells her that there’s been a change of plan.
B He accuses her of being late.
C He tells her he’s feeling hungry.
10 Where do Simon and Melissa arrange to meet?
A at the cinema
B in Simon’s apartment
C at a restaurant

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