Practical Research 2 Reviewer

Kinds of Quantitative Research

Experimental
- procedures of the scientific method
- involves the manipulation of variables
- employment of a treatment
- isolated, manipulated and controlled

True Experimental
- randomized
- example: The effect of a new treatment plan for breast cancer
Quasi-experimental
- no randomization
- intact or fixed
- example: The use of conventional versus cooperative learning groups on students’
academic achievement

Nonexperimental
- does not use treatment or intervention
- research purpose: descriptive, predictive, or explanatory

Descriptive
- seeks to describe the current status of an identified variable
- provide systematic information
- example: A description of the tobacco use habits of teenagers
Predictive
- designed to forecast some event in the future without establishing a cause-and-effect
relationship
- example: Factors affecting college success & The relationship between the types of
activities used in math classrooms and students’ academic achievement
Explanatory
- to develop or test to explain how and why it operates
- identify causal factors
- example: The role of peer and study groups in students’ attitude in learning and
academic achievement in Mathematics

Nonexperimental
- time dimension
- asking the question on what kinds of data the researcher should collect during the inquiry
process
 Cross-sectional
- data are collected at a single point in time, and comparisons are made across the
variables of interest
- example: Graduating students’ beliefs perceptions, and experiences on their K to 12
schooling
Retrospective
- comparisons are made between the past and the present for the cases in the data set
- example: The possible causes of lung cancer and related respiratory disorders of
smokers
Longitudinal
- data are collected starting at the present and are collected again in the future to
compare past and future data sets
- example: A prospective longitudinal study of the correlation and consequence of early
grade retention

Steps in the Research Process

Define the Research Problem

- identify a research topic and transform it into a researchable problem or questions that can be
investigated
Do the Review of Related Literature
- obtaining background information
- helps establish the rationale, significance, and justification in pursuing the research study
Formulate the Hypothesis
- serves as the tentative answer to the posed research questions
- directs the researcher to the data-gathering procedures
Prepare the Research Design
- “blueprint” of the research
- provides the details of how data will be collected, analyzed, and interpreted
- includes the instruments that will be used to collect data
Collect Data
- involves obtaining information to answer the posed research question; from participants,
documents, and related literature
Analyze and Interpret Data
- by transforming them into appropriate tables and graphs
- ensures the validity of the conclusions of the study
Write the Research Report
- allows one to see the connections of the research questions, research design, data collection,
and data analysis
Report the Research Findings
- it is the responsibility of researchers to communicate their findings through research forums and
other public discussions
Reviewer from Sir Bohol :))
1.) When starting your research, it is important to begin with published work.
2.) When identifying a research topic, you should focus on meanings of life, general discussions,
and experience.
3.) When developing an effective research question, make sure your questions pass the “So What”
test.
4.) When conducting research, be aware that different research methods bring different
assumptions.
5.) A common problem encountered during question formation is knowing the area of focus but not
the specific topic.
6.) Gives the strength and direction of relationships between two → correlation coefficient
7.) If a room is warm, reaction times slow. Dependent variable: reaction time
8.) Attractiveness impacts hiring decisions. Independent variable: attractiveness
9.) Effects of chocolate in happiness, the group that gets no chocolate → control group
10.) Informed consent - must give participants enough information about the study
11.) Jennifer acted drunk even though she drank a virgin cocktail → placebo effect
12.) Neither the participants nor the observer knows the hypothesis and objectives → double-blind
effect
13.) It involves making sense of the collected data by subjecting them to appropriate statistical
analysis → collect data
14.) Question: I wonder if there are more Cheetos in a Hot Cheetos or a regular bag.
15.) Hypothesis: I hypothesized that a basketball will bounce higher than a tennis ball.
16.) Observation: The liquid in this bottle looks green and has bubbles in it.
17.) Conclusion: Our experiment found that a gummy bear that is placed in water overnight will grow
larger
18.) Procedure: Place three tablespoons of baking soda in a cup. Pour one tablespoon of vinegar
into the cup and observe.
19.) Research: I’m looking on the computer to see why baking soda and vinegar bubble up when
they are mixed.
20.) Hypothesis: I hypothesized that mint gum will make a smaller bubble than bubble gum.
21.) Question: I wonder what will happen if I drop my gummy bear in my soda.
22.) Conclusion: Our experiment found that a plant that does not get sunlight will not grow.