TUGAS AKHIR ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES

ARI IRAWAN

1930107003

TADRIS FISIKA

SKIMMING AND SCANNIING

Skimming is used to quickly identify the main ideas of a text. When you read the
newspaper, you're probably not reading it word-by-word, instead you're scanning the
text. Skimming is done at a speed three to four times faster than normal reading.
People often skim when they have lots of material to read in a limited amount of time.
Use skimming when you want to see if an article may be of interest in your research.

There are many strategies that can be used when skimming. Some people
read the frst and last paragraphs using headings, summarizes and other
organizers as they move down the page or screen. You might read the
title, subtitles, subheading, and illustrations. Consider reading the frst
sentence of each paragraph. This technique is useful when you're seeking
specifc information rather than reading for comprehension. Skimming
works well to fnd dates, names, and places. It might be used to review
graphs, tables, and charts.

Scanning is a technique you often use when looking up a word in the

telephone book or dictionary. You search for key words or ideas. In most
cases, you know what you're looking for, so you're concentrating on
fnding a particular answer. Scanning involves moving your eyes quickly
down the page seeking specifc words and phrases. Scanning is also used
when you frst fnd a resource to determine whether it will answer your
questions. Once you've scanned the document, you might go back and
skim it.
When scanning, look for the author's use of organizers such as numbers, letters, steps,
or the words, first, second, or next. Look for words that are bold faced, italics, or in a
different font size, style, or color. Sometimes the author will put key ideas in the
margin.

Reading off a computer screen has become a growing concern. Research shows that
people have more difficulty reading off a computer screen than off paper. Although
they can read and comprehend at the same rate as paper, skimming on the computer is
much slower than on paper.

Skimming adalah teknik membaca membaca dengan cepat tujuannya untuk mencari
pikiran utama dari suatu tulisan. Waktu melakukan skimming biasanya kita tidak
membaca kata per kata. Salah satu kegunaannya misalnya utk nentuin suatu tulisan,
artikel, atau bku tertentu bagus atau tidak, apa kita perlu untuk baca lebih detil lagi
setelah kita tau kira-kira iisinya apa.
Scanning beda lagi, padanannya mungkin memindai yah? Scanning biasanya
dilakukan untuk mencari informasi tertentu. Contoh scanning adalah waktu kita liat
pengumuman kelulusan atau cari2 lowongan kerja. Kita udah menentukan dulu
biasanya apa yang kita cari sebelum melakukan scanning.
Skimming dan scanning juga bisa dilakukan bersamaan. Contohnya kita baca
suatu artikel dengan cara skimming untuk mendapatkan topik yang kita pengen,
setelah itu kita bisa melakukan scanning, baca artikel itu untuk mendapatkan topik
tersebut.
1. Membaca sekilas (scanning)
Gunakan teknik ini untuk mencari informasi tertentu dari suatu buku/makalah,
seperti sebuah definisi atau judul bab tertentu. Misalnya, Anda sedang membuat
tinjauan tentang sebuah novel dan mendadak lupa nama salah seorang tokoh yang
tertembak mati. Anda tidak perlu membaca keseluruhan novel untuk mengetahui
hal itu, cukup membaca sekilas pada bagian yang memuat kejadian penembakan
tersebut.
2. Skimming
Teknik ini mirip dengan scanning, hanya saja tujuannya untuk mendapat
gambaran ringkas akan isi suatu buku/makalah. Jika Anda mendapat tugas
membaca lima judul buku dan harus membuat tinjauannya dalam waktu kurang
 dari tiga hari, Anda mungkin tidak dapat menyelesaikannya jika harus membaca
buku itu satu per satu. Cukup membaca secara skimming dan kembangkan
tinjauan Anda berdasarkan gambaran umum yang Anda peroleh.
3. Untuk memahami
Teknik ini banyak digunakan untuk membaca materi pelajaran yang baru.
Membaca dilakukan dengan lebih perlahan, mendalam dan terkadang diulang-
ulang, sehingga terserap dalam ingatan. Untuk mengulang, dapat digunakan
teknik skimming.
4. Mengeja
Teknik ini digunakan jika menyangkut istilah asing atau teknis, misalnya
fenilpropanolamina HCI. Tujuannya agar pengejaan nama tidak salah dan nama
tersebut benar-benar masuk dalam ingatan.
5. Mencatat
Kalau sudah menyangkut materi bacaan yang banyak, catatan-catatan kecil
berupa kata kunci atau "jembatan keledai" akan sangat membantu mengingat
keseluruhan bacaan.

Skimming and Scanning For Better Speed Reading

A big element of effective speed-reading is only reading those pieces of text that
you actually need to read and not reading that which you don't need to read. To help
you find the information you actually need to read and to avoid the information you
don't need to read it is important to practice skimming and scanning when reading
text.

Skimming and scanning are actually two very different ways of going through
text. Scanning while speed reading is the process of looking for a specific piece of
information, like looking up a word in the dictionary for example. You don't read
every word; you "scan" through the text to look for what you want and stop once you
have found and absorbed the information you are looking for.

Skimming on the other hand involves going through the book page by page just
looking at chapter titles and sub titles and categories and pictures and diagrams to get
a general feel for the text and its layout to familiarize yourself with its structure. And
to also help get an overview of the subject matter the book is on. And to get a general
impression of what the text contains. To help you be more effective and get the most
out of both skimming and scanning text it can be useful to know what your purpose is
for reading the book. Knowing why you are reading a book and what you are looking
for will help to get your brain alert for any information that your are looking for in the
text as you read. This is because there is a part of your brain involved in controlling
your attention and awareness levels, which is know as the "reticular activation
system"(RAS) and is activated by goals and purpose.

Your RAS is so powerful that it can actually block out information you have not
made clear you want from the text, and it can also alert you to information you are
actually looking for. It dose this by controlling your perceptual filters, which helps to
filter out any information you don't need and alert you to what you do in the text. So
that is why it is so important to know why you are reading information and what you
need or want from the text before you begin reading because if you are not totally sure
of what information you need you are unlikely to find it and could actually miss it
without even knowing.

Another big piece that is important to work on in order to become a fast speed
reader, is to boost your speed reading stamina, your speed reading stamina is the
amount of time you are able to read at speed for with good comprehension and recall.
Boosting your speed reading stamina will help you to train and recondition your brain
to reading at faster speeds and so will allow you to get all of the benefits of speed
reading faster.