Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Document ID SP-1190-4
Security Restricted
Version 5.0
Keywords: This document is the property of Petroleum Development Oman, LLC. Neither the whole nor any part
of this document may be disclosed to others or reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
form by any means (electronic, mechanical, reprographic recording or otherwise) without prior written consent of
the owner.
Version: 5.0
Petroleum Development Oman LLC
Effective: Feb-19
i Document Authorisation
Document Authorisation
ii Revision History
The following is a brief summary of the 3 most recent revisions to this document.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
i Document Authorisation ......................................................................................................................... 3
ii Revision History ...................................................................................................................................... 3
iii CMF Impacted documents ..................................................................................................................... 3
iv SP-1190 Standard Development ............................................................................................................ 4
1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 6
1.1 Purpose ............................................................................................................................................. 6
1.2 General Definitions ........................................................................................................................... 6
Glossary .......................................................................................................................... 6
Abbreviations .................................................................................................................. 7
2 H2S Facilities Classification .................................................................................................................... 8
2.1 Classification Definitions – Sweet, Sour, Critical Sour ..................................................................... 8
2.2 Mandatory Minimum Entry Requirements per Facility Classification ............................................... 9
3 Facility Zoning ....................................................................................................................................... 10
3.1 Red and Yellow Zoning ................................................................................................................... 10
Red Zone Working Requirements ................................................................................ 10
Yellow Zone Working Requirements ............................................................................ 13
3.2 Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ) Classification ............................................................................ 15
EPZ Working Requirements ......................................................................................... 15
3.3 SIMOPS Zoning (Simultaneous Operations) .................................................................................. 17
SIMOPS Zones Working Requirements ....................................................................... 17
3.4 Well Test Flaring Zoning ................................................................................................................. 18
Well Test Flaring Zoning Working Requirements ......................................................... 18
4 Working in H2S Facilities ...................................................................................................................... 19
4.1 Permit to Work ................................................................................................................................ 19
4.2 Job Planning, Hazard Identification and Assessment .................................................................... 19
4.3 Numbers of Personnel on Site ........................................................................................................ 20
4.4 Activities requiring Breathing Apparatus (BA) ................................................................................ 20
4.5 Gas Detection Methods .................................................................................................................. 21
4.6 Departure from Site......................................................................................................................... 21
5 H2S Alarms and Facility Emergency Response ................................................................................... 22
5.1 Rescue ............................................................................................................................................ 22
5.2 Emergency Procedures and Drills .................................................................................................. 22
6 Appendix 1 - Operational H2S Management for Sour and Critical Sour Facilities ......................................... 23
6.1 Critical Sour Operational L2 Audit Checklist................................................................................... 24
6.2 Sour Operational L2 Audit Checklist ............................................................................................... 29
6.3 Audit Report .................................................................................................................................... 33
Page 5 SP-1190-4 H2S & SO2 Management – Operations Printed 17/02/19
The controlled version of this CMF Document resides online in Livelink®. Printed copies are UNCONTROLLED.
Version: 5.0
Petroleum Development Oman LLC
Effective: Feb-19
1 Introduction
1.1 Purpose
This document, SP-1190-4, is aimed at the management of PDO H2S facilities in the operations
phase. It provides personnel with the knowledge to be aware of the hazards associated with H 2S &
SO2. PDO facilities process fluids which contain varying levels of H 2S. This specification details
the steps that they are required to take to assess and manage the associated risk. It details how
they can protect themselves and others within production operations in order to reduce risks to be
As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP).
Glossary
Key terminology is identified within SP-1190-1 The Basics, Classification & Sour Contracts and also
in Table 1-1.
Table 1-1 Key Terminology
Term Explanation
Sweet Facility The classification given to a facility or wellhead containing fluids with Hydrogen
Sulphide concentrations below 100ppm in the gas phase and less than 20mg/l in
the non-gaseous phase.
Sour Facility The classification given to a facility or wellhead containing fluids with
concentrations of Hydrogen Sulphide above 100ppm in the gas stream and more
than 20mg/l in the non-gaseous phase, but less than 5 bar(a) H2S partial
pressure.
Critical Sour Facility
A facility which operates with partial pressures of H2S approaching or above 5
bar(a). The pressure used for this classification is the maximum allowable
operating pressure.
The definition is purposefully worded, as approaching 5 bar(a), such that
facilities which process 4.9bar(a), and those which process 5 bar(a) are not
afforded different risk reduction measures without due consideration to the whole
risk picture.
Where facilities operate with partial pressures of H2S above 4 bar(a), but under 5
bar(a), an assessment of the conditions shall be made to determine whether the
additional controls in place for the defined Critical Sour Facilities, are required in
this case. The assessment shall be recorded and form part of the facility ALARP
justification, and shall be included in the facility HSE Case.
Critical Sour classification is required to capture the operational and design
requirements, which lead to a step change in the way that risks are managed,
due to inherently high residual individual risk levels.
Emergency Planning An area around a Sour or Critical Sour facility or wellhead, where additional
Zone precautions, including a Emergency Response (Contingency) Plan are required.
The Emergency Response Plan describes how personnel and other potentially
affected parties would be notified and evacuated in case of a Loss of Primary
Containment.
Term Explanation
Red Zone An area, on a Critical Sour facility where enhanced procedures shall be adopted.
Personnel shall don breathing apparatus when entering the Red Zone. The area
is typically the physical extent of the process unit containing the hazard, and is
identified with warning signs.
Yellow Zone An area on a Critical Sour or Sour facility where enhanced procedures shall be
adopted. Personnel shall be equipped with supplied air personal escape sets
and H2S monitors. Breathing apparatus is expected to be worn during any
operation or maintenance activity where there is a real or perceived threat of a
H2S release. The area is typically the physical extent of the process unit
containing the hazard, but may extend to cover the area within the property limits
of a facility.
SIMOPS Zones
A SIMOPS Zone is an area where 2 or more activities (e.g. production and
drilling) are undertaken simultaneously, under different control systems in
overlapping spheres of influence, or hazard zones.
Well Test Flaring A Well Test Flaring Zone is an area around a well test flare / pit, where controls
Zoning are put in place to limit potential exposure to SO2, or H2S in the event of flare
out.
Occupied Building The term Occupied Building is in accordance with DEP 34.17.10.32-Gen.
Abbreviations
ALARP As Low As Reasonably POB Personnel On Board (at site)
Practicable
BA Breathing Air PPM Parts Per Million
CRO Control Room Operator PR Procedure
CP / CoP Code of Practice PTW Permit To Work
DEP Design and Engineering PVV Pressure Vacuum Valve
Practice
DTL Delivery Team Leader RPE Respiratory Protective Equipment
EPZ Emergency Planning Zone SCBA Self Contained Breathing Apparatus
F&G Fire & Gas SIMOPS SIMultaneous Operations
H2 S Hydrogen Sulphide SO2 Sulphur Dioxide
HSE Health Safety Environment SP Specification
JHSEP Job HSE Plan SPZ Special Precautions Zone
H2 S Hydrogen Sulphide TEZ Total Exclusion Zone
MOPO Manual Of Permitted TRIC Toolbox Risk Identification Card
Operations
MSE4 Technical Safety Department TWL Thermal Work Limit
PDO Petroleum Development Oman WTU Well Test Unit
Details of how this classification is established are held within SP-1190-1. Table 2-1 provides a
summary for gas streams.
Table 2-1 Facility Classification for Gas Streams
The facility is classified based on what is carried through its pipes and equipment, rather than what
the pipes and equipment are made of.
The classification of a facility is based on the maximum level of controls which are required for a
facility as a whole. There is an exception based on sufficient separation distances (see SP-1190-3).
If a facility is classified as SWEET, no further application of this standard is required. However, the
classification exercise shall be formally recorded and levels of H2S shall be monitored, by site
sampling.
PDO operates its facilities in line with the CP-122 Health, Safety and Environment Management
System, and many supporting operational procedures. The requirements of this SP, in no way
replace any of those requirements. This SP is supplementary to the existing controls in place.
Operations staff at each facility shall understand the classification of their facility and the appropriate
level of entry controls that apply:
#
Non H2S Trained entry to Sour Facilities is by exception and the following is required:
Access Authorisation Form,
Respiratory Protective Equipment demonstration & visitor practice before entry to site,
Accompanied onto facility at all times.
All supplied air escape sets and filter hoods shall be in compliance with the latest version of SP-1234
Personal Protective Equipment, and SP-1190 – 5, when it becomes effective.
It should be noted that any head scarves will need to be removed prior to donning Escape Sets or
Filter Hoods.
Typically personal gas detectors shall be provided in accordance with SP-1234. However, in
contradiction to SP-1234, which states alarm level for personal detectors will be at 5ppm and
10ppm, personal detectors shall display levels of H2S in the atmosphere between 0-100ppm, and
shall alarm at 10ppm H2S.
3 Facility Zoning
Facilities which are Classified as either Sour or Critical Sour are further zoned. The zoning of the
facility drives which controls which need to be provided in addition to the standard PTW and
classification controls, within these specific areas. Further details of how the zones are sized /
chosen are provided in SP-1190-3.
3.1.1.1 Red Zone Entry and Exit and Working using Supplied Breathing Air
Typically, Red Zones are provided with either a fixed Air Cascade system, Air Supply Skids, or Air
Supply Trolleys, which can supply multiple users for a defined period – typically a number of hours.
However the work/rest cycle is dependent upon Thermal Work Limit, which is influenced by a
number of factors, such as the Dry and Wet Bulb temperatures. Further details for calculating the
TWL are available from SP-2222, owned by MCOH1. Table 3-1 provides the rule set for personnel
wearing supplied breathing air equipment, such as entering the Red Zone. As noted below, the
longest duration to work under SCBA, before taking rest is 30 minutes.
Table 3-1 Work / Rest Cycle for SCBA Trained Persons using Supplied Air Breathing
Equipment Outside
Thermal <129 W/m2 All work load Stop Work Strictly 15 Emergency Work only.
categories Zone minutes work
Work (or dry bulb > 44°C Conduct risk assessment
and 60 minutes
or wet bulb > before emergency work.
Limit rest cycle
32°C) Medical monitoring in
(TWL) place
130 to 159 W/m2 Heavy work load
130 to 159 W/m2 Moderate work Restricted 30 minutes Workers self-pace and
load zone work, can withdraw from work
whenever feeling
60 minutes rest
unwell.
cycle
≥ 160 W/m2 Heavy work load Full acclimatization and
hydration regime
130 to 159 W/m2 Very light and Normal 30 minutes Workers self-pace and
light work load zone work and 30 can withdraw from work
minutes rest whenever feeling
cycle unwell.
Very light and Full acclimatization and
≥ 160 W/m2
light work load hydration regime
implemented
Where an air supply system does not exist, full Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
(typically a 45-minute bottle) shall be used to enter the Red Zone. The activity duration shall take
account of the above and in addition be limited, such that in the event of escape being required,
sufficient air will remain in the SCBA bottle to allow the individual to return the farthest facility
assembly / muster area. This shall be proven by site trials, rather than by the times noted on the
bottle capacities. This will be facility specific and shall be recorded in the Emergency Response
Plans, be available within the Control Room and noted in any PTW requiring Red Zone Entry.
Note: The SCBA provided shall be in line with the latest version of SP-1234, and SP-1190-5, which
currently is the CamLock Quest, with cowl hood.
Table 3-2 Enter / Exit the Red Zone using Supplied Air Breathing System
Don Cowl Hood on ‘Working and Escape Set’ (CamLock Rig Walker) prior to entry to the Skid.
All persons required to carry the escape cylinder, (part of rig walker) which will automatically
supply the wearer in the event that the main air line is disconnected.
Continue to work under Breathing Air until their work is complete. (30 mins max)
Remove hood, at Breathing Air Supply Area, disconnect and return to Control Room to Rest.
Note, the air supply system may be; Cascade Air, Air Supply Skids or Air Trolleys
Table 3-3 Enter / Exit the Red Zone using Self Contained Breathing Apparatus
Turn on air supply and Don Cowl Hood on SCBA (CamLock Quest) prior to entry to the Skid.
Continue to work under Breathing Air until their work is complete or the agreed time.
Return to Buddy.
Remove hood, turn off air supply and return to Control Room to Rest.
The red zone exists when the hazard is present, once the hazard is removed, the red zone
requirements shall be relaxed, e.g. during a shutdown when purged and isolated.
OR
a ‘Critical Sour Working and Escape Set’ (Typically, this is a CamLock Rig Walker
with Cowl Hood),
With sufficient air capacity to return to the farthest facility assembly area.
All work conducted inside the Emergency Planning Zone shall be covered by a Permit
to Work.
A Job HSE Plan (JHSEP) shall be completed which should consider the ‘worst case
scenario’ of an H2S leak. The plan should consider the area that would be impacted
and the nature of the work being undertaken.
An emergency response plan is in place and a vehicle shall be available within walking
distance.
Safety Awareness briefings for all staff at the start of each shift.
Filter escape hoods have been specified for use in the EPZ, rather than supplied air sets for a
number of reasons:
The expected concentrations of H2S are lower, as the hazard source is likely to be more
remote than for the on plot areas. The Approved Filter Hoods are based on ability to filter
out 4400ppm H2S, including users with facial hair.
The distance to evacuate may be greater than on-plot leading to longer duration
evacuations.
Filter hoods can be used for a longer duration, as there is no supplied air bottle to run out.
Typically escape breathing air sets last for 10-15 minutes. Escape hoods are rated via
their standards for 40 minutess, but can be worn for longer durations, especially if the H 2S
levels are lower than the rated contaminant concentration levels.
It should be noted that you may still be able to smell H2S, but keep the hood on until the personal
detector indicates that the H 2S levels are below 5ppm, or you are advised by the muster checker
to remove.
The production team may include the requirement for a supplied air escape set, within the PTW; if
the work within the EPZ is in close proximity of a ‘Process Area’.
All workers have received approved valid All workers have received approved valid
H2S training H2S training
Supplied Air Respiratory (SP-1190-5) Filter Escape Hood (SP-1190-5, Typically
equipment to be carried. (Camlock Escape NH-15)
Set or CamLock Rig Walker, with cowl
hood)
Personnel working within a SIMOPS Zone shall comply with requirements of the EPZ, as noted in
Section 0.
In the case of well works being conducted exclusion zones will apply for the period of the
intervention. See SP-1190-2 and Section 3.4.
Entry only to WTU personnel, with use of full WTU PTW includes contact details for all
Self Contained Breathing Apparatus. personnel within SPZ.
Roads within this zone are to be temporarily Wind direction to be monitored by the WTU
sealed off by WTU personnel and provided and portable wind sock to be provided at
with a yellow H2S warning sign for the worksite.
duration of the flaring activities.
The TRIC discussion should include the contents of the Job HSE Plan together with:
Any potential where workers may be exposed to H2S in the course of their work,
Warning signs and/or barricades at each point of access where there is a potential for
H2S exposure,
H2S testing and/or monitoring requirements,
Compliance to relevant Corporate Procedures,
Emergency response in the event of H2S release,
Access/egress – situations with limited access/egress and the potential for H2S exposure
in confined / elevated spaces,
The need for escape or working breathing apparatus, safety person(s), rescue equipment
(including resuscitators), and hazard warning signs shall be considered when carrying out
work involving H2S,
Careful attention shall be given to details, such as equipment checks, access / egress
(escape) routes, and obstacles.
In cases where the hazards have not been fully assessed and understood the job should not
proceed.
Where the work is classed as ‘non-routine work’ i.e. major overhaul of equipment, additional
personnel may be permitted on site provided the following criteria are met:
A documented Risk Assessment has been carried out,
And
The extra manning levels have been sanctioned by the Area Production Coordinator,
And
Required supervision is present and adequate for each team working in the restricted area,
And
Sufficient Respiratory Protective Equipment (CamLock Rig Walker or Escape Set) & personal
gas detectors available,
And
A successful Escape and Evacuation drill is performed and a record made.
Non-essential work should be done offsite or deferred until a shutdown opportunity when the
facility has been purged.
Failure to comply with the above, may result in an unnecessary rescue operation being
initiated in the event of an emergency.
If you smell H2S, remove yourself from the work area immediately and report to a supervisor,
even if no alarm has sounded.
All personnel shall respond as follows in the event of a personal H2S monitor alarming or the
Facility Alarm being sounded.
STOP Work
Hold Breath
DON Escape set or hood
CHECK Wind Direction
GO to Assembly Area to muster - across the wind from the leak source
COMPLY with any instructions given to them by the station operator / muster checker for
further action
In facilities where a Temporary Safe Refuge (TSR) exists, personnel should make their way to the
assigned TSR.
5.1 Rescue
Rescue procedures are outlined in CP-123 - Emergency Response Documents Part I - CoP. Any
rescue shall be conducted by the station operations team in approved SCBA (SP-1234 & SP-
1190-5).
Audit Team:
Contractor Representative:
Compliance mandatory: Yes No personal Targeted Yes No
Select Location(discipline):
□ Operations □ Contractor □------------- □ Commissioning □ Maintenance □ Exploration
□ Project □ Well services □-------------- □ North □ South □ Infrastructure
□ Gas □ Engineering □-------------- □ Logistic □------------- □ ------------------
Personnel Selected for Interview:
□ DTL □ CSR □ Operations Staff □ Contractor manager □ HSE advisor □ Permit holder □ Contractor Staff □ Journey manager □ ------------------ □
Part-1/3 , Are any Red or Yellow Zones identified at the facilities, in line with □ Document Inspection □ Record Analysis
2. □Yes □No
□ Process Witnessed □ Site Interview
5.1/3.1 SP-1190-3 , 3.1.1 & 3.1.2
Part 3 □ Document Inspection □ Record Analysis
3. Has the facility been assessed for an EPZ? Is it applied? □Yes □No
□ Process Witnessed □ Site Interview
3.2
Part 3 □ Document Inspection □ Record Analysis
4. Has the facility been assessed for SIMOPS Zoning? Is it applied? □Yes □No
□ Process Witnessed □ Site Interview
3.3
General Critical Sour Requirements
Part 3 Is the maximum number of persons allowed (POB) identified at □ Document Inspection □ Record Analysis
5. □Yes □No
□ Process Witnessed □ Site Interview
4.6.19.4 site? Confirm site is in compliance.
Part 4 The numbers of personnel in any one red zone is limited to 4 with □ Document Inspection □ Record Analysis
19. □Yes □No
□ Process Witnessed □ Site Interview
3.1.1 one observer remaining outside the Red Zone at all times?
Part 4 Personnel entering the Red Zone do so under Breathing Air and □ Document Inspection □ Record Analysis
20. using the Critical Sour ‘Working and Escape Set’(CamLock Rig □Yes □No
3.1.1.1 □ Process Witnessed □ Site Interview
Walker with Cowl Hood) or Full SCBA (CamLock Quest)?
Part 4 For sites using SCBA, maximum working duration has been □ Document Inspection □ Record Analysis
21. □Yes □No
□ Process Witnessed □ Site Interview
3.1.1.1 assessed and recorded based on site trials?
Part 4 Any personnel working under Breathing Air can demonstrate that □ Document Inspection □ Record Analysis
22. □Yes □No
□ Process Witnessed □ Site Interview
3.1.1 they have valid PDO Approved SCBA Training?
Part 4 Job HSE Plan includes, full details of H2S sources & □ Document Inspection □ Record Analysis
31. concentrations, potential releases scenarios, emergency response □Yes □No
4.2 □ Process Witnessed □ Site Interview
requirements.
Confirm how Non-routine works which require the POB limit to
be raised are managed. Ensure that:
3.4.1 Communication
Part 4 □ Document Inspection □ Record Analysis
45. WTU has wind sock and monitors wind direction □Yes □No
□ Process Witnessed □ Site Interview
3.4.1
Part 4 □ Document Inspection □ Record Analysis
46. H2S and SO2 detection and monitoring in place □Yes □No
□ Process Witnessed □ Site Interview
3.4.1
Part 4 □ Document Inspection □ Record Analysis
47. TRIC includes the flaring hazard □Yes □No
□ Process Witnessed □ Site Interview
3.4.1
Audit Team:
Contractor Representative:
Compliance mandatory: Yes No personal Targeted Yes No
Select Location(discipline):
□ Operations □ Contractor □------------- □ Commissioning □ Maintenance □ Exploration
□ Project □ Well services □-------------- □ North □ South □ Infrastructure
□ Gas □ Engineering □-------------- □ Logistic □------------- □ ------------------
Personnel Selected for Interview:
□ DTL □ CSR □ Operations Staff □ Contractor manager □ HSE advisor □ Permit holder □ Contractor Staff □ Journey manager □ ------------------ □
Part-1/3 , Are any Yellow Zones identified at the facilities, in line with SP- □ Document Inspection □ Record Analysis
2. □Yes □No
□ Process Witnessed □ Site Interview
5.1/3.1 1190-3, 3.1.2
Part 3 □ Document Inspection □ Record Analysis
3. Has the facility been assessed for an EPZ? Is it applied? □Yes □No
□ Process Witnessed □ Site Interview
3.2
Part 3 □ Document Inspection □ Record Analysis
4. Has the facility been assessed for SIMOPS Zoning? Is it applied? □Yes □No
□ Process Witnessed □ Site Interview
3.3
General Sour Requirements
Part 3 □Yes □No □ Document Inspection □ Record Analysis
5. Is Access Control in place, in line with SP-1190? □ Process Witnessed □ Site Interview
4.6.19.3
Part 3 □ Document Inspection □ Record Analysis
6. Is there a sign outside the facility providing its H2S Classification? □Yes □No
□ Process Witnessed □ Site Interview
4.6.19.2
Part 3 □ Document Inspection □ Record Analysis
7. If applicable, Is there a sign identifying the EPZ? □Yes □No
□ Process Witnessed □ Site Interview
3.2.3.1
Part 3 □ Document Inspection □ Record Analysis
8. Plant Emergency Response Plan addresses H2S release scenarios? □Yes □No
□ Process Witnessed □ Site Interview
4.8.5
Part 4 If Yellow Zones in place, Confirm the following at site:
3.1.2 All persons entering a Yellow Zone carry either a: □ Document Inspection □ Record Analysis
9. □Yes □No
□ Process Witnessed □ Site Interview
‘Critical Sour Escape Set’, or a
‘Critical Sour Working and Escape Set’.
Part 4 □ Document Inspection □ Record Analysis
10. Are all personnel provided with Personal H2S detectors? □Yes □No
□ Process Witnessed □ Site Interview
2.2
□ Document Inspection □ Record Analysis
11. Confirm that Personal H2S detectors are within calibration date □Yes □No
□ Process Witnessed □ Site Interview
Part 4 Job HSE Plan includes, full details of H2S sources & □ Document Inspection □ Record Analysis
22. concentrations, potential releases scenarios, emergency □Yes □No
4.2 □ Process Witnessed □ Site Interview
response requirements.
If appropriate: Confirm how Non-routine works which require
the POB limit to be raised are managed. Ensure that:
5
Part 4 □ Document Inspection □ Record Analysis
30. The plant alarm is sounded? □Yes □No
□ Process Witnessed □ Site Interview
5
Well Test Flaring Control – Confirm at site
Part 4 □ Document Inspection □ Record Analysis
31. Total Exclusion Zone and Special Precautions Zone Calculated? □Yes □No
□ Process Witnessed □ Site Interview
3.4.1
Part 4 □ Document Inspection □ Record Analysis
32. H2S TEZ Signs provided in line with SP-1190-2 □Yes □No
□ Process Witnessed □ Site Interview
3.4.1
Part 4 Confirm Only WTU personnel – using SCBA – are authorised to □ Document Inspection □ Record Analysis
33. □Yes □No
□ Process Witnessed □ Site Interview
3.4.1 enter TEZ
1. Summary of Audit
This report presents the findings and recommendations of the Level 2 audit of the H2S Operations Management System
carried out on / date. The scope of the audit included ________________ and covers PDO, contractors and sub-
contractors. This audit was part of PDO HSE assurance plan assisted by the corporate HSE. The audit is in support to the
PDO efforts and actions to fully implement and effectively sustain H2S Management across PDO Operations.
There was positive evidence of the implementation of SP-1190 Series and is listed below in section 2 of this report.
This audit has also identified some areas where material gaps exist which require preventative actions as listed in section
3 of this report. In order to ensure that these gaps are closed expeditiously and sustained, close monitoring of the actions
by the leadership need to continue. The actions shall be entered into the PIM system.
2. The Positive Observations example:-
- A,
- B
- C
- etc.
3. Action plan:
Finding
Finding Actions A. Party Target date PIM #
#
.