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وأدﻋوا ﷲ ان ﺗﻌم اﻟﻔﺎﺋدة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺟﻣﯾﻊ ﺑﺈذن ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ وﻻ ﺗﻧﺳوﻧﺎ ﻣن ﺻﺎﻟﺢ دﻋﺎﺋﻛم وأرﺟو اﻟدﻋﺎء ﻷﺑﻰ ﺑﺎﻟرﺣﻣﺔ وﻷﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺷﻔﺎء
By :
Mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com
Contents:
1. Introduction
2. Autocad
3. Transformers
4. Lighting Design
5. Lighting Circuits Plan Design
6. Power Design
7. Power Circuits Plan Design
8. Design Load Panel Schedule
9. Earthing Design
10. Low Current Design
11. Street Lighting Design
12. B.O.Q
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
1
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
.1اﻟﻣﺎﻟك :وھو اﻟذى ﯾﺣدد طﺑﯾﻌﺔ اﻟﻣﺷروع وﻣﺗطﻠﺑﺎﺗﮫ وھو أﯾﺿﺎ ﻣن ﯾﻣول اﻟﻣﺷروع
.2اﻻﺳﺗﺷﺎرى اﻟﻌﺎم :وھو ﻣن ﯾﻘوم ﺑﻌﻣل اﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾم اﻟﻛﺎﻣل ﻟﻠﻣﺷروع وﻋﻣل اﻟﻣﺧططﺎت ووﺿﻊ اﻟﺷروط اﻟﻔﻧﯾﺔ وأﯾﺿﺎ ﻣن
ﯾﻘوم ﺑﺎﻻﺷراف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺗﻧﻔﯾذ.
.3اﻟﻣﻘﺎول :ھو ﻣن ﯾﻘوم ﺑﺗﻧﻔﯾذ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻻﻋﻣﺎل اﻟواردة ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺧططﺎت وطﺑﻘﺎ ﻟﺷروط اﻟﺗﻧﻔﯾذ اﻟذى ﯾﺣددھﺎ اﻻﺳﺗﺷﺎرى.
.1اﻋداد ﻟوﺣﺎت اﻟــ ) (Shop Drawingوﯾﻛون ﻣوﺿﺢ ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ ﻣﺳﺎرات اﻟﻛﺎﺑﻼت واﻟﻣواﺳﯾر وﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻻﺑﻌﺎد.
.2ﺗﻧﻔﯾذ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻻﻋﻣﺎل طﺑﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻣﺧططﺎت واﻟﻣواﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻔﻧﯾﺔ واﻟﺟدول اﻟزﻣﻧﻰ.
.3اﻋداد اﻟﻠوﺣﺎت اﻟﻧﮭﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺷروع ) (As Builtﺑﻌد ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺷروع وﺗﻘدﯾﻣﮭﺎ ﻟﻼﺳﺗﺷﺎرى ﻷﻧﮭﺎ ﺳﺗﻛون اﻟﻣرﺟﻊ اﻻﺳﺎﺳﻰ ﻟﻣﮭﻧدس
اﻟﺻﯾﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﯾﻣﺎ ﺑﻌد.
.1اﻟﻣﺗطﻠﺑﺎت اﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎرﯾﺔ :وھﻰ ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ وظﯾﻔﺔ ﻛل ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ وﻛل ﻣﻛﺎن ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺧططﺎت وﻛذﻟك اﻟﺗﻧﺳﯾق ﻣﻊ ﻣﮭﻧدس اﻟدﯾﻛور ﻟﻣﻌرﻓﺔ
ﻣﺗطﻠﺑﺎﺗﮫ.
.2اﻟﻣﺗطﻠﺑﺎت اﻟﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﯾﺔ :وھﻰ ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻻﺣﻣﺎل اﻟﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﯾﺔ ﻣﺛل اﻟﻣﺻﺎﻋد واﻟﺗﻛﯾﯾف اﻟﻣرﻛزى وﺳﻼﻟم اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء وأﻣﺎﻛن
ﺗوزﯾﻌﮭﺎ.
.3اﻟﻣﺗطﻠﺑﺎت اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ :ﺗﺣدﯾد ﻣﺗطﻠﺑﺎت اﻟﻣﺷروع ﻣن اﻧﺎرة وﻣﻌدات وأﺟﮭزة ﻣﺳﺎﻋدة ﻛﺎﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﺧﻔﯾف ووﺟود أﺣﻣﺎل طوارئ.
.1ﻣﺣطﺎت ﺗوﻟﯾد أو اﻧﺗﺎج ووظﯾﻔﺗﮭﺎ اﻧﺗﺎج اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ وﺗﻛون ﺑﺎﻟﻘرب ﻣن ﻣﺻﺎدر اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ.
.2ﻣﺣطﺎت اﻟﺗوزﯾﻊ وﺗﻘوم ﺑﺧﻔض اﻟﺟﮭد وﺗوزﯾﻌﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺣﻣﺎل وﺗﻛون ﺑﺎﻟﻘرب ﻣن أﻣﺎﻛن اﻻﺣﻣﺎل.
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
2
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
ﯾﺗم ﺗوﻟﯾد اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺣطﺎت اﻧﺗﺎج اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘرب ﻣن ﻣﺻﺎدر اﻧﺗﺎج اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ وﯾﺗم اﻧﺗﺎﺟﮭﺎ ﺑﺟﮭد ﻣﺗوﺳط ) (11 or 13.8KVﺛم ﺑﻌد
500ﻋن طرﯾق ﻣﺣوﻻت رﻓﻊ اﻟﺟﮭد وﺧﻔض اﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﺗﻣﮭﯾدا ﻟﻧﻘﻠﮭﺎ ﻋﺑر ﺧطوك ذﻟك ﯾﺗم رﻓﻊ اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻰ اﻟﻰ ﺟﮭد ﻋﺎﻟﻰ )(50 or 220KV
اﻻﻧﺗﺎج ) (Transmission Lineوھذه اﻟﺧطوط اﻣﺎ ھواﺋﯾﺔ أو أرﺿﯾﺔ ﺛم ﺑﻌد ذﻟك ﺑﺎﻟﻘرب ﻣن اﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﺗوزﯾﻊ ووﺟود اﻻﺣﻣﺎل ﯾﺗم ﺧﻔض
اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻰ ﻋن طرﯾق ﻣﺣوﻻت ﺧﻔض اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟﻰ 66KVﺛم اﻟﻰ 33KVﺛم اﻟﻰ 22KVﺛم اﻟﻰ 11KVﺛم اﻟﻰ .380V
ﺣرارة :وھﻰ ﻧوﻋﺎن ﻧوع ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﺑﺧﺎر اﻟﻣﯾﺎه )ﺑﺧﺎرﯾﺔ( وﻧوع اﺧر ﯾﺗم ﻓﯾﮫ ﺣرق اﻟﻐﺎزات )ﻏﺎزﯾﺔ( .1
اﻟرﯾﺎح :وﯾﺗم ﻓﯾﮭﺎ زرع اﻟﺗورﺑﯾﻧﺎت اﻟﮭواﺋﯾﺔ وﻟﻛن ﻻﺑد ﻣن وﺟود أﻣﺎﻛن ﻣﻔﺗوﺣﺔ وﺗﻛون ﻓﯾﮭﺎ ﺳرﻋﺔ اﻟرﯾﺎح ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ. .2
اﻟﻣﯾﺎه :وﯾﺗم ﻓﯾﮭﺎ زرع اﻟﺗورﺑﯾﻧﺎت اﻟﻣﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﺗﻰ ﯾﻛون ﻓﯾﮭﺎ اﻟﻣد واﻟﺟزر ﻋﺎﻟﻰ أو ﻋن طﻠرﯾق اﻟﺳدود ﻟﺣﺟز اﻟﻣﯾﺎه .3
وﺗﺻﻣﯾم ﻗﻧوات ﺧﻼل ھذه اﻟﺳدود وﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﺗﺢ ھذه اﻟﻘﻧوات ﺗﻧدﻓﻊ اﻟﻣﯾﺎه ﺑﻘوة ﻧﺣو اﻟﺗورﺑﯾﻧﺎت ﻓﺗﻘوم ﺑﺗﺣرﯾك ﺷﻔرات اﻟﺗورﺑﯾﻧﺎت.
اﻻﻟواح اﻟﺷﻣﺳﯾﺔ :ﺗﻘوم ﺑﺎﻣﺗﺻﺎص أﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺷﻣس واﻧﺗﺎج ﺗﯾﺎر ﻛﮭرﺑﻰ ﻣﺳﺗﻣر وﺗﺧزﯾﻧﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺑطﺎرﯾﺎت وﯾﺗم ﺗﻣرﯾرھﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ .4
Inverterﻟﺗﺣوﯾﻠﮫ ﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﻣﺗردد.
ھﻰ اﻟﻣﻌدل اﻟزﻣﻧﻰ ﻟﺗدﻓق اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ ﻓﻰ داﺋرة ﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ وﺗﻘﺎس ﺑﺎﻟـ )ﺟول/ث( أو ﺑﺎﻟـ )اﻟوات( W
Active Power .1اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ :وھﻰ اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﺗﻰ اﺳﺗﻔﺎد ﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﺑﺻورة أﺧرى ﺳواء ﺣرارﯾﺔ أو ﺣرﻛﯾﺔ أو ﺿوﺋﯾﺔ
Single Phase Æ P = V * I * Cos Ɵ = V * I * P.F W
3 Phase Æ P = √3 * V * I * Cos Ɵ = √3 * V * I * P.F W
وﺗﻘﺎس ﺑﺎﻟوات ”“W
Reactive Power .2اﻟﻘدرة ﻏﯾر اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ :وھﻰ اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﺗﻰ ﻻ أﺳﺗﻔﺎد ﻣﻧﮭﺎ وﻻ ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﺎرادﺗﻰ ﻣﻊ اﻻﺣﻣﺎل وﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﺗﻛون ﺑﺳﺑب
Q = V * I * Sin Ɵ اﻟﻣﻛﺛﻔﺎت واﻟﻣﻠﻔﺎت وذﻟك ﻻﺧﺗﻼف زاوﯾﺔ اﻟطور ﺑﯾن اﻟﺟﮭد واﻟﺗﯾﺎر ووﺣدﺗﮭﺎ )(VAR
Apparent Power .3اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻣرﻛﺑﺔ :وھﻰ ﻣﺟﻣوع اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ واﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻐﯾر ﻓﻌﺎل وﺗﻘﺎس ﺑﺎﻟـ )S = P + jQ (VA
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
3
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
اﻟﻣﺣول ھو ﺟﮭﺎز اﺳﺗﺎﺗﯾﻛﻰ )ﻏﯾر ﻣﺗﺣرك( ﯾﻘوم ﺑﺗﺣوﯾل ﺗﯾﺎر ﻣﺗردد ذو ﻓوﻟﺗﯾﺔ ﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ اﻟﻰ ﺗﯾﺎر ﻣﺗردد اﺧر ﺑﻔوﻟﺗﯾﺔ أﺧرى أى أﻧﮫ ﯾﻘوم ﺑرﻓﻊ
أو ﺧﻔض اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻰ ﻣﻊ ﺛﺑﺎت اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ.
ﯾﺗﻛون اﻟﻣﺣول ﻣن ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﺟزاء رﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ وھﻰ .1اﻟﻣﻠف اﻻﺑﺗداﺋﻰ .2اﻟﻘﻠب اﻟﺣدﯾدى .3اﻟﻣﻠف اﻟﺛﺎﻧوى
اﻟﻣﻠف اﻻﺑﺗداﺋﻰ :وھو ﻣﻠف ﻣن ﺳﻠك ﻧﺣﺎﺳﻰ ﻣﻌزول ﯾﺗﺻل طرﻓﺎه ﺑﻣﺻدر اﻟﺗﻐذﯾﺔ
اﻟﻘﻠب اﻟﺣدﯾدى :وھو ﻣﺻﻧوع ﻣن اﻟﺣدﯾد اﻟﻣطﺎوع اﻟﺳﻠﯾﻛوﻧﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛل ﺷراﺋﺢ رﻗﯾﻘﺔ ﻣﻌزوﻟﺔ ﻋن ﺑﻌﺿﮭﺎ.
اﻟﻣﻠف اﻟﺛﺎﻧوى :وھو ﻣﻠف ﻣن ﺳﻠك ﻧﺣﺎﺳﻰ ﻣﻌزول ﯾﺗﺻل طرﻓﺎه ﺑﺎﻟﺣﻣل اﻟﻣراد اﻣداده ﺑﺎﻟﻘوة اﻟداﻓﻌﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ.
ﻣﺑدأ ﻋﻣل اﻟﻣﺣول ھو اﻟﺣث اﻟﻣﻐﻧﺎطﯾﺳﻰ ﻓﻌﻧد ﻣرور اﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﻣن اﻟﻣﺻدر ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻠف اﻻﺑﺗداﺋﻰ ﯾﻧﺗﺞ ﻣﺟﺎل ﻣﻐﻧﺎطﯾﺳﻰ ﯾﻣر ﻓﻰ اﻟﻘﻠب اﻟﺣدﯾدى
وﯾﻘطﻊ ﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻣﻠف اﻟﺛﺎﻧوى ﻓﯾﻧﺗﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺣث ﺟﮭدا ﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺎ ھذا اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺣث ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻠف اﻟﺛﺎﻧوى ﯾﺗﺳﺑب ﻓﻰ ﺗدﻓق اﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﻋﻧد ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮫ ﺑﺣﻣل.
ھﻰ اﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﺑﯾن اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻠف اﻟﺛﺎﻧوى اﻟﻰ اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻠف اﻻﺑﺗداﺋﻰ او ھﻰ اﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﺑﯾن ﻗدرة اﻟﻣﻠف اﻟﺛﺎﻧوى اﻟﻰ ﻗدرة
اﻟﻣﻠف اﻻﺑﺗداﺋﻰ.
اﻟﻣﺣول ﯾﻔﻘد ﺟزء ﻣن اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻورة ﺣرارة ﺑﺳﺑب ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻﺳﻼك وﻟذﻟك ﯾﺗم ﺻﻧﺎﻋﺔ أﺳﻼك اﻟﻣﻠﻔﺎت ﻣن اﻟﻧﺣﺎس ﻷن .1
اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻧوﻋﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻧﺣﺎس ﻣﻧﺧﻔﺿﺔ.
ﺟزء ﻣن اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ ﯾﻔﻘد ﺑﺳﺑب اﻟﺗﯾﺎرات اﻟدواﻣﺔ وﻟذﻟك ﯾﺻﻧﻊ اﻟﻘﻠب اﻟﺣدﯾدى ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛل ﺷراﺋﺢ رﻗﯾﻘﺔ ﻣﻌزوﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺣد ﻣن اﻟﺗﯾﺎرات .2
اﻟدواﻣﺔ.
ﺟزء ﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﯾﻔﻘد ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻورة طﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﯾﺔ ﺑﺳﺑب ﺗﺣرﯾك اﻟﺟزﯾﺋﺎت اﻟﻣﻐﻧﺎطﯾﺳﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻠب اﻟﺣدﯾدى وﻟذﻟك ﯾﺻﻧﻊ اﻟﻘﻠب ﻣن اﻟﺣدﯾد .3
اﻟﻣطﺎوع اﻟﺳﻠﯾﻛوﻧﻰ ﻟﺳﮭوﻟﺔ ﺣرﻛﺔ اﻟﺟزﯾﺋﺎت.
ﺗﺳرب ﺟزء ﻣن اﻟﻣﺟﺎل اﻟﻣﻐﻧﺎطﯾﺳﻰ ﺧﺎرج اﻟﻘﻠب اﻟﺣدﯾدى ﻓﻼ ﺗﻘطﻊ اﻟﻣﻠف اﻟﺛﺎﻧوى وﻟذﻟك ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ اﻟﻣﻠف اﻻﺑﺗداﺋﻰ داﺧل .4
اﻟﻣﻠف اﻟﺛﺎﻧوى وﯾﻌزل ﻋﻧﮫ.
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
4
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
.1ﻣﺣوﻻت اﻟﻘدرة أو اﻟﻧﻘل :وھﻰ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ ﻣﺣطﺎت ﺗوﻟﯾد واﻧﺗﺎج اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ ووظﯾﻔﺗﮭﺎ رﻓﻊ اﻟﺟﮭد وﺧﻔض اﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﺗﻣﮭﯾدا ﻟﻧﻘﻠﮭﺎ.
.2ﻣﺣوﻻت اﻟﺗوزﯾﻊ :وھﻰ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ ﻣﺣطﺎت وﺷﺑﻛﺎت اﻟﺗوزﯾﻊ ووظﯾﻔﺗﮭﺎ ﺧﻔض اﻟﺟﮭد ورﻓﻊ اﻟﺗﯾﺎر.
.3ﻣﺣوﻻت اﻟﻘﯾﺎس :وھﻰ ﺗﻧﻘﺳم اﻟﻰ ﻣﺣوﻻت ﺟﮭد ) (VTوﻣﺣوﻻت ﺗﯾﺎر ) (CTووظﯾﻔﺗﮭﺎ ﻗﯾﺎس اﻟﺟﮭد واﻟﺗﯾﺎر.
.1ﻣﻌدل اﻟﺗﺣوﯾل :وھﻰ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﺗﺣوﯾل اﻟﻣﺣول ﻟﻠﺟﮭد ﻣن ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ أﺧرى ﻓﻣﺛﻼ 220/66KVأى ان اﻟﻣﺣول ﯾﻘوم ﺑﺗﺣوﯾل اﻟﺟﮭد
اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻰ ﻣن 220KVاﻟﻰ 66KV
.2ﻗدرة اﻟﻣﺣول :وھﻰ ﻣﺟوع أﻗﺻﻰ أﺣﻣل ﯾﻣﻛن ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺣول وھﻰ ﺗﻛون ﻣﻘﺎﺳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟــ ) (VAأو ) (KVAأو ).(MVA
.3طرﯾﻘﺔ ﺗﺄرﯾض ﻧﻘطﺔ اﻟﺗﻌﺎدل ) : (Neutralوﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮫ ﻧﻘطﺔ اﻟﺗﻌﺎدل ﻟﻠﻣﺣول ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة ﺑﺎﻻرﺿﻰ.
.4ﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺣول : "Z" Impedanceﻻﺑد ﻣن ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ھذه اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ ﻣن ﻛﺗﺎﻟوج اﻟﻣﺣول ﻷﻧﮭﺎ ﺗدﺧل ﻓﻰ ﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎت
ﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻘﺻر اﻟﻣﺎر ﻋﻧد ﺣدوث ﻋطل "“Fault
: Vector Group .5طرﯾﻘﺔ ﺗوﺻﯾل اﻟﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻻﺑﺗداﺋﯾﺔ واﻟﺛﺎﻧوﯾﺔ Delta/Star :أو Star/Deltaأو Delta/Deltaوذﻟك
ﺣﺳب اﻟﻐرض .وﻣﻣﻛن ﺗﺟد ﻣﻛﺗوب ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﺣول Vector Group Dyn11
DYN11ھﺬا اﻟﻜﻮد ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ طﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻔﺎت اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻰ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮى داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل وزاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻄﻮر ﺑﯿﻦ ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ
اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻰ وﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮى واﻟـ ) (Dﺗﻌﻨﻰ أن اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻰ دﻟﺘﺎ واﻟـ Yاﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮى ﺳﺘﺎر أو ﻧﺠﻤﺔ واﻟـ nاﻟﻤﺤﻮل ﻟﻪ
ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﻌﺎدل واﻟﺮﻗﻢ 11أى ان زاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻄﻮر ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻢ 330درﺟﺔ ).(30*11
D Æ Delta, Y Æ Star, Z Æ Zigzag, 0 Æ 0 Degree, 1 Æ 30 Deg., 6 Æ 180 Deg, 11 Æ 330 Deg.
.6ﻣﻌﺎﻣل اﻟـ ) : (K-Factorوھﻰ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﺗدل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣراﻋﺎة اﻟﻣﺣول ﻟﻸﺣﻣﺎل اﻟﺧطﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻰ ﯾﻧﺗﺞ ﻋﻧﮭﺎ اﻟﺗواﻓﻘﯾﺎت )(Harmonics
واﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺗﺳﺑب ﻓﻰ رﻓﻊ درﺟﺔ ﺣرارة اﻟﻣﺣول وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ ﺧﻔض ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟﻣﺣول.
اﻟــ K-Factorھﻰ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﺪ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮاﻓﻘﯿﺎت اﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﻘﺪ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﯿﺎرات اﻟﺪواﻣﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺮدد 60ھﺮﺗﺰ.
.7طرﯾﻘﺔ ﺗﺑرﯾد اﻟﻣﺣول :ﻛﻠﻣﺎ زادت ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟﺗﺑرﯾد ﻟﻠﻣﺣول ﻓﺗزداد ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟﻣﺣول وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ ﯾزداد اﻟﻌﻣر اﻟزﻣﻧﻰ ﻟﮫ ﻷﻧﮫ ﻣن أھم
اﺳﺑﺎب ﻓﻘد اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ ھﻰ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺣرارة .وﯾﺷﺎر ﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ ﺗﺑرﯾد اﻟﻣﺣول ﻓﻰ اﻟﻛﺗﺎﻟوج اﻟﺧﺎص ﺑﮫ ﺑﺄرﺑﻌﺔ أﺣرف ﻓﺎﻻول واﻟﺛﺎﻧﻰ
ﯾﺷﯾر اﻟﻰ ﻧوع وﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﺑرﯾد داﺧل اﻟﻣﺣول واﻟﺣرف اﻟﺛﺎﻟث واﻟراﺑﻊ ﯾﺷﯾران اﻟﻰ ﻧوع وطرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺗﺑرﯾد ﺧﺎرج اﻟﻣﺣول ﻓﻣﺛﻼ ﻟو
ﻋﻧدى ﻣﺣول ﻣن اﻟﻧوع ONANﻓﮭذا ﯾﻌﻧﻰ أن ﻣﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﺗﺑرﯾد ﻣن داﺧل اﻟﻣﺣول ھو اﻟزﯾت وﯾﺳرﯾﺎﻧﮫ ﯾﺗم ﺑﺷﻛل طﺑﯾﻌﻰ " Oil
"Naturalأﻣﺎ ﺗﺑرﯾد اﻟﻣﺣول ﻣن اﻟﺧﺎرج ﻓﯾﺗم ﻋن طرﯾق اﻟﮭواء وﺳرﯾﺎن اﻟﮭواء ﺧﺎرج اﻟﻣﺣول ﯾﺗم ﺑﺷﻛل طﺑﯾﻌﻰ " Air
"Natural
ﻣﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﺗﺑﯾرﯾد ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺣوﻻت ”OÆ Oil, AÆ Air, GÆ Gas, WÆ Water : “Fluid Type
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
5
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
واﻟزﯾت اﻟﻣﻌدﻧﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدم ﯾﺳﺗﺧرج ﻣن اﻟﺑﺗرول وﯾﺿﺎف اﻟﺑﮫ ﻣﺎدة ﻣﺎﻧﻌﺔ ﻟﻸﻛﺳدة وﯾﺧﺿﻊ ﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎرات ﻣﺛل درﺟﺔ اﻟﻠزوﺟﺔ وﻗوة -
اﻟﻌزل اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻰ وزﯾﺎدة ﻣﻌدﻻت درﺟﺔ اﻟﺣرارة وأﯾﺿﺎ ﻧﺳﺑﺔ اﻟﻣﺎء.
اﻟزﯾت ﻟﮫ وظﯾﻔﺗﺎن وھﻣﺎ ﻋزل اﻟﻣﻠف اﻻﺑﺗداﺋﻰ واﻟﺛﺎﻧوى واﻟﻘﻠب اﻟﺣدﯾدى ﻟﺗﻘﻠﯾل اﻟﺗﯾﺎرات اﻟدواﻧﺔ وﻛذﻟك ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ -
اﻟﺗﺑرﯾد.
.8ﻣﺳﺗوى اﻟﺻوت :ﻻﺑد أن ﯾﻛون ﻣﺳﺗوى ﺻوت اﻟﻣﺣول ﻻ ﯾزﯾد ﻋن 65dBﻋﻠﻣﺎ ﺑﺄن ﻣﺳﺗوى ﺻوت اﻻﻧﺳﺎن ﯾﺗراوح ﻣن
40dBاﻟﻰ .50dB
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
6
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
Rectangular ﻟرﺳم ﻣﺳﺗطﯾل وﺗﺣدﯾد ﻧﻘطﺔ اﻟﺑداﯾﺔ ﺛم ﻧﻘطﺔ اﻟﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ Æ Rec + Enter
Arc Æ A + Enter ﻟرﺳم ﻗوس وﯾﺗم ﺗﺣدﯾد ﻧﻘطﺔ اﻟﺑداﯾﺔ وﻛذﻟك ﻧﻘطﺔ اﻻﻧﺣﻧﺎء ﺛم ﻧﻘطﺔ اﻟﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ
Circle Æ C + Enter ﻧﻘوم ﺑﺗﺣدﯾد اﻟﻣرﻛز ﺛم ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ رﻗم ﻧﺻف ﻗطر اﻟداﺋرة ﺛن اﻧﺗر
Fillet Æ F + Enter ﻧدﺧل ﻧﺻف اﻟﻘطر ﺛم اﻧﺗر ﺛم ﻧﺣدد اﻟﺧط اﻻول واﻟﺧط اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻰ
:Incandescent Lamp .1وھﻰ اﻟﻠﻣﺑﺎت اﻟﻘﻼووظ أو اﻟﻣﺳﻣﺎر وﻟوﻧﮭﺎ أﺻﻔر وﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣﻣﺎﻣﺎت أو اﻟطرﻗﺎت أو
اﻟﻣطﺎﺑﺦ.
:Florescent Lamp .2وھﻰ ﻟوﻧﮭﺎ أﺑﯾض وﺗوﺟد ﻣﻧﮭﺎ اﻟﺧطﯾﺔ ) (Linear Florescent Lampوھﻰ اﻻﻛﺛر ﺷﯾوﻋﺎ واﺳﺗﺧداﻣﺎ
ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺷﺎرﯾﻊ وﻣﻧﮭﺎ 120ﺳم ) (36Wattوﻛذﻟك 60ﺳم ) (18Wattوﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻣؤﺗﻣرات واﻟﻣﺣﺎﺿرات
أو ﺻﺎﻻت اﻟرﺳم وﻣن اﻟﻠﻣﺑﺎت اﻟﻔﻠورﺳﻧت أﯾﺿﺎ ﻟﻣﺑﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛل ﺣرف (U-Tube) Uوﻛذﻟك اﻟداﺋرﯾﺔ ) (Circularوھﻣﺎ
ﯾﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺎن ﻟﻸﻏراض اﻟدﯾﻛورﯾﺔ وﻻ ﯾﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺎن ﺑﺻورة ﻛﺑﯾرة.
:Compact Florescent Lamp .3وھﻰ اﻟﻠﻣﺑﺎت اﻟﻣوﻓرة وﺗﻌطﻰ اﺿﺎءة أﻋﻠﻰ واﺳﺗﮭﻼك أﻗل ﻓﻰ اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ وﻟﻛن ﻋﻣرھﺎ
اﻻﻓﺗراﺿﻰ أﻗل وﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻟطرﻗﺎت او اﻟﻣطﺎﺑﺦ او اﻟﺣﻣﺎﻣﺎت.
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
8
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
: Metal Halide Lamp .4وھﻰ ﻟﻣﺑﺎت ﺗﻌطﻰ ﻟون أﺑﯾض وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﻣرﺗﻔﻌﺔ )أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣن 5ﻣﺗر( وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ
اﻟﻣﺻﺎﻧﻊ أو اﻟﻣﺧﺎزن وﻣن اﻟﻣﻣﻛن أن ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻧﺎرة اﻟﺣداﺋق واﻟﻣﻧﺗزھﺎت.
:Halogen Lamp .5وھﻰ ﻟﻣﺑﺎت ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ واﺟﮭﺎت اﻟﻣﺑﺎﻧﻰ أو اﻟﻣﺣﺎل اﻟﺗﺟﺎرﯾﺔ أو ﻣداﺧل اﻟﻔﻧﺎدق.
:Sodium Vapor Lamp .6ھذه اﻟﻠﻣﺑﺎت ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻧﺎرة اﻟطرق أو اﻧﺎرة اﻻﻧﻔﺎق وﺗﻌطﻰ ﻟون أﺻﻔر.
:Mercury Lamp .7ﻟﻣﺑﺎت زﺋﺑﻘﯾﺔ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻻﻏراض اﻟدﯾﻛورﯾﺔ وﻟوﻧﮭﺎ أﺧﺿر ﻓﻰ ازرق.
(Lighting Emitting Diode) :LED .8ھذه اﻟﻠﻣﺑﺎت ﻣﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﺟدا ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑداﯾﺔ وﻟﻛن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣدى اﻟﺑﻌﯾد ﻓﻰ ﻣوﻓرة ﺟدا ﻷن اﺳﺗﮭﻼﻛﮭﺎ
ﻓﻰ اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ ﻗﻠﯾل ﺟدا ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻷن ﻋﻣرھﺎ اﻻﻓﺗراﺿﻰ ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ﺟدا ﻓﻘد ﯾﺻل اﻟﻰ 50أﻟف ﺳﺎﻋﺔ.
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
9
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
:Suspended Mounted .3ﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﺗﻰ ﯾزﯾد ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﮭﺎ ﻋن 5ﻣﺗر وﯾﺗم ﺗﻌﻠﯾﻘﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ
ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣن 3اﻟﻰ 3.5ﻣﺗر ﻣن ﺳطﺢ اﻻرض.
:Wall Mounted .4ﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت ﺗﻌﻠق ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺣﺎﺋط ﻟﻸﻏراض اﻟدﯾﻛورﯾﺔ وﻣﻧﮭﺎ Indoorوھﻰ اﻻﺑﺎﻟﯾك وﯾوﺟد أﯾﺿﺎ
Outdoorوﻣﻧﮭﺎ 3أﻧواع Up Lightوﺗﻌطﻰ اﺿﺎءة ﻷﻋﻠﻰ Down Lightوﺗﻌطﻰ اﺿﺎءة ﻷﺳﻔل Up/Down Light
وﺗﻌطﺔ اﺿﺎءة ﻷﻋﻠﻰ وﻷﺳﻔل وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ھذه اﻟﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت ﻓﻰ واﺟﮭﺎت اﻟﻣﺑﺎﻧﻰ.
:Floor Mounted .5ﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت ارﺿﯾﺔ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم أﯾﺿﺎ ﻟﻸﻏراض اﻟدﯾﻛورﯾﺔ وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ ﻣداﺧل اﻟﻔﯾﻼت أو اﻟﺣداﺋق او
اﻟﻣﺗﺎﺣف وﻛذﻟك ﻋﻠﻰ درج اﻟﺳﻼﻟم.
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
10
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
ﯾرﻣز ﻟدرﺟﺔ ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻛﺷﺎف )أو اى ﺟﮭﺎز ﻛﮭرﺑﻰ او اى ﻣﻌدة( ﺑرﻗﻣﯾن IPxyﺣﯾث Xﺗدل ﻋﻠﻰ درﺟﺔ ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻛﺷﺎف ﺿد اﻻﺟﺳﺎم اﻟﺻﻠﺑﺔ
ﻣﺛل اﻻﺗرﺑﺔ وھﻰ ﻣن 0اﻟﻰ 6ﺣﯾث أﻧﮭﺎ اذا ﻛﺎﻧت ﺗﺳﺎوى 0ﻓﻼ ﯾوﺟد ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ واذا ﻛﺎﻧت ﺗﺳﺎوى 6ﻓﺗﻌﻧﻰ أﻗﺻﻰ درﺟﺔ ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ ﺿد اﻻﺗرﺑﺔ
أﻣﺎ اﻟﺣرف yﻓﯾدل ﻋﻠﻰ درﺟﺔ ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻛﺷﺎف ﺿد اﻟﺳواﺋل ﻛﺎﻟﻣﯾﺎة وھﻰ ﻣن 0اﻟﻰ 8ﺣﯾث أﻧﮭﺎ اذا ﻛﺎﻧت ﺗﺳﺎوى 0ﻓﻼ ﯾوﺟد ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ واذا
ﻛﺎﻧت ﺗﺳﺎوى 8ﻓﺗﻌﻧﻰ أﻗﺻﻰ درﺟﺔ ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ ﺿد اﻟﻣﯾﺎه.
ﻣن أﺷﮭر ﺷرﻛﺎت وﻛﺗﺎﻟوﺟﺎت اﻟﻠﻣﺑﺎت Philips, 3-Brother, General Lighting, Hilux, Siteco, …….. :
ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾف اﻟﻛﺷﺎف ﻓﻰ اﻟﻠوﺣﺎت وﻓﻰ ﺟداول اﻟﻛﻣﯾﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻧﺣو اﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ
”IPxy, Luminaire Type, No. of Lamps * Wattage per Lamp, Type of Lamp, Similar to “Company Name
Model No ….. or Approved Equal.
Ex: IP 20, Recessed Mounted, 4*18 Watt, Linear Florescent Lamp, Similar to 3-B Model No 1742-FL or
Approved Equal.
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
11
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑداﯾﺔ ﺗﺻﻣﯾم اﻻﻧﺎرة ﯾﻌﺗﻣد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺳﺗوى ﺷدة اﻻﺿﺎءة ﺣﺳب طﺑﯾﻌﺔ وﻧوﻋﯾﺔ اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻣﻛﺎن ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ أﺟﮭزة اﻻﻧﺎرة
.اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ ﺣﺳب ﻧوﻋﯾﺔ اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻣﻛﺎن وﻛذﻟك أﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﻣﻛﺎن )طول وﻋرض وارﺗﻔﺎع( وأﯾﺿﺎ أﻟوان اﻟﺣواﺋط واﻟﺳﻘف
Qt >> Total Luminous in Lumen (Lm) وھﻰ اﻟﻔﯾض اﻟﺿوﺋﻰ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﻠﻣﻛﺎن وﯾﻘﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﻠوﻣن
E >> Degree of Illumination in Lux وھﻰ ﺷدة اﻻﺿﺎءة اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ وﺗﻘﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﻠوﻛس
A >> Area of Room in m2 = L * W وﺗﺳﺎوى اﻟطول * اﻟﻌرض2 وھﻰ ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺳﺔ ﺑﺎل م
U.F >> Utilization Factor ﻣﻌﺎﻣل اﻻﺳﺗﻔﺎدة ﻣن اﻟﻛﺷﺎف وﯾﻌﺗﻣد ﻋﻠﻰ أﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ وﻛذﻟك ﻧﺳﺑﺔ اﻧﻌﻛﺎس اﻟﺿوء ﻣن اﻟﺳﻘف
واﻟﺣواﺋط
M.F >> Maintenance Factor ﻣﻌﺎﻣل اﻟﺻﯾﺎﻧﺔ وﯾﻌﺗﻣد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧظﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
12
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
Q of Lampوھﻰ ﻛﻣﯾﺔ اﻟﻔﯾض اﻟﺿوﺋﻰ اﻟﺻﺎدر ﻣن اﻟﻠﻣﺑﺔ وﺗﺧﺗﻠف ﺑﺎﺧﺗﻼف اﻟﺷرﻛﺔ اﻟﻣﺻﻧﻌﺔ.
ﻛﺷﺎف ) (1*26W, IP54وﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣﻣﺎﻣﺎت وﻛذﻟك ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻛﺷﺎف ) (1*15W, IP54ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺣﺎﺋط أﻣﺎم اﻻﺣواض
ﻛﺷﺎف ) (2*36W, IP20وﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺧﺎزن أو ) (2*36W, IP54ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺧﺎزن اﻟﺗﻰ ﯾوﺟد ﻓﯾﮭﺎ ﻣﺻﺎر ﻣﯾﺎه Cold Storage
ﻛﺷﺎف ) (1*18W, IP54ﻟﻠﺳﻼﻟم ﺣﯾث ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﻛﺷﺎف ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛل ﺑﺳطﺔ ﺑدون أى ﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎت
ﺣﯾث أن Spaceھﻰ Lnوھﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯾن ﻛﺷﺎﻓﯾن ﻓﻰ اﺗﺟﺎه اﻟطول أو Wnوھﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯾن ﻛﺷﺎﻓﯾن ﻓﻰ اﺗﺟﺎه اﻟﻌرض
واﻟـ Heightھو ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺳﻘف ﻋن ﺳطﺢ اﻻرض ﺣﯾث أن ھذه اﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻻ ﺑد أن ﺗﻛون ﺑﯾن 0.75 : 1
ﺑﺣﯾث ان اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺗﯾن أو اﺣداھﻣﺎ ﺗراوح ﻗﻣﺗﮭﺎ ﻣن 0.75 : 1واﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ اﻻﺧرى ﻻﺑد أن ﺗﻛون أﻗل ﻣن 0.75وﻟﯾس أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣن .1
اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯾن ﻛﺷﺎﻓﯾن ﻓﻰ اﺗﺟﺎه اﻟطول = Lnاﻟطول /ﻋدد اﻟﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت ﻓﻰ اﺗﺟﺎه اﻟطول = L / NL -
اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯾن ﻛﺷﺎﻓﯾن ﻓﻰ اﺗﺟﺎه اﻟﻌرض = Wnاﻟﻌرض /ﻋدد اﻟﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت ﻓﻰ اﺗﺟﺎه اﻟﻌرض = L / WL -
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
13
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
: ﻣﺛﺎل ﺗوﺿﯾﺣﻰ
ﻣﺗر7 * 10 ﻣطﻠوب ﻋﻣل ﺗﺻﻣﯾم ﻹﻧﺎرة ﺻﺎﻟﺔ رﺳم ﺑﺄﺑﻌﺎد
1350 Lm واﻟﻔﯾض اﻟﺿوﺋﻰ ﻟﮭﺎ طﺑﻘﺎ ﻟﺷرﻛﺔ ﻓﯾﻠﯾﺑس1*18W وﺳﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت500 Lux ﺷدة اﻻﺿﺎءة اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺻﺎﻟﺔ
No. of Luminaires = No. of Lamps / No. of Lamps inside one Luminaire = 57.6/4 =14.4= 15 Luminaires
ﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت ﻓﻰ اﺗﺟﺎه اﻟﻌرض3 ﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت ﻓﻰ اﺗﺟﺎه اﻟطول و5 ﺑﺣﯾث ﺳﯾﺗم ﺗوزﯾﻌﮭم4*18W ﻛﺷﺎف15 وﻟذﻟك ﺳﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻋدد
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
14
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
15
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
16
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
17
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
Intermediate Switch .9
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
18
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
ﻟوﺻف اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح ﻻﺑد ﻣن ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ اﻟـ ) Gangاﻟﻠﻘﻣﺔ( ﻓردى أم ﺛﻧﺎﺋﻰ أم ﺛﻼﺛﻰ وﯾﻌﺗﻣد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋدد اﻟﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت ﻓﻰ اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ وﻛذﻟك ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ x
ﻋدد اﻟﺳﻛﺔ ) (Wayھل ھﻰ ﺳﻛﺔ واﺣد أم ﺳﻛﺗﯾن وﺗﻌﺗﻣد ﻋﻠﻰ طﺑﯾﻌﺔ اﻟﻣﻛﺎن وﻋدد اﻟﻣداﺧل واﻟﻣﺧﺎرج.
ﯾﺗم ﺗرﻛﯾب اﻟﻣﻔﺎﺗﯾﺢ ﻏﺎطﺳﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣﺎﺋط Flush or Embeddedأو ﯾﺗم ﺗرﻛﯾﺑﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳطﺢ اﻟﺣﺎﺋط Surfaceﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟـ x
.Partitions
)Switch Height = 120 Cm A.F.F.L (Above Finished Floor Level x
ﯾﺗم ﺗرﻛﯾب اﻟﻣﻔﺎﺗﯾﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌد ﻣن 20 : 10ﺳم ﻣن اﻟﺑﺎب ) 15ﺳم ﻣﺛﻼ(. x
ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻣﻔﺎﺗﯾﺢ Water Proofﻓﻰ اﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﺗﻰ ﺑﮭﺎ ﻣﺻﺎدر ﻟﻠﻣﯾﺎه ﻛﺎﻟﺣﻣﺎﻣﺎت واﻟﻣطﺎﺑﺦ أو اى ﻣﻛﺎن اﺧر. x
أﻗﺻﻰ ﺣﻣل ﻟﻠﻣﻔﺗﺎح اﻻﺣﺎدى 1200VAوﺣﯾث أن S = V * Iﻓﺈن I(Load) = 1200/220 = 5.4A x
I(Switch) = 10Aﺣﯾث أن )I(Switch) > I(Load
P = V * I * Cos θ = S * P.F where P.F = 0.9 in Lighting and “S” is the Apparent Power and S = V * I x
اذا ﻛﺎﻧت اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻛﻠﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺧرج اﻟواﺣد )اﻟﻛﺷﺎف اﻟواﺣد( أﻗل ﻣن أو ﺗﺳﺎوى 100VAﻓﯾﺗم اﻋﺗﺑﺎرھﺎ اﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺳﺎوى 100VAأﻣﺎ اذا x
ﻛﺎﻧت أﻛﺛر ﻣن 100VAﻓﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎﺑﮭﺎ ﺑﻧﻔس اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ ﻓﻣﺛﻼ ﻟو ﯾوﺟد ﻣﺧرج ﺑﮫ ﻛﺷﺎف 4*18Wﻓﺎﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻛﻠﯾﺔ ﻟﮫ ﺑﺎﻟوات = 72وات
وﻣن اﻟﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺎن اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻣرﻛﺑﺔ ) 80VA = 0.72/0.9 = (Sواﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺳﺎوى ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﺎ 100VAوﻟذﻟك ﻓﺈن أﻛﺛر ﻋدد
ﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت ﻣن ھذا اﻟﻧوع ﯾﻣﻛن ﺗﺣﻣﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻔﺗﺎح واﺣد ھﻰ 12ﻛﺷﺎف.
)Max. No. Of Luminaire = Max. Load / Load Of Outlet = 1200 / (P/0.9 x
ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻣﻔﺗﺎح 2-Wayﻓﻰ اﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﺗﻰ ﺑﮭﺎ أﻛﺛر ﻣن ﻣدﺧل وﻣﺧرج وﯾﻔﺿل اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻘط أﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ x
ﻗﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺿرات اﻟﺗﻰ ﺑﮭﺎ أﻛﺛر ﻣن ﻣدﺧل وﻣﺧرج ﻣﺛﻼ ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﻣﻔﺗﺎح ﺑﺟﺎﻧب اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺿر ﻓﻘط.
ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻣﻔﺗﺎح 2-Wayﻓﻰ اﻟﺳﻠم ﺑدﻻ ﻣن ﻣﺎﻛﯾﻧﺔ اﻟﺳﻠم ﺣﯾث ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﻣﻔﺗﺎح Single Gange, Two Wayﻓﻰ اﻟدور x
اﻻرﺿﻰ وﻓﻰ اﻟدور اﻻﺧﯾر وﻓﻰ ﻛل دور ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ .Intermediate Switch
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
19
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
(Branch Circuit Panel Board) :BCP .1وھﻰ ﻟوﺣﺔ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ ﺗﻐذﯾﺔ اﻟﯾﻧﯾﺎت أو اﻟدواﺋر اﻟﻔرﻋﯾﺔ ﺳواء اﺿﺎءة أو ﻗوى
وھﻰ ﺗﺧدم ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ ) (Zoneﻣﺳﺎﺣﺗﮭﺎ ﺣواﻟﻰ 500ﻣﺗر .2
(Sub-Feeder Distribution Panel Board) :SFD .2وھﻰ ﻟوﺣﺎت وﺳطﯾﺔ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﺗوﺻﯾل اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠوﺣﺎت
اﻟﻔرﻋﯾﺔ اﻟﻣوﺟودة ﻓﻰ اﻻدوار اﻟﻌﻠوﯾﺔ وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ أن اﻟدور ﯾﺣﺗوى ﻋﻠﻰ أﻛﺛر ﻣن ﻟوﺣﺗﯾن ﻓرﻋﯾﺗﯾن.
(Main Distribution Panel Board) :MDP .3وھﻰ اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﻘوم ﺑﺗﻐذﯾﺔ اﻟﻠوﺣﺎت اﻟﻔرﻋﯾﺔ.
:Riserوھو اﻟﺻﺎﻋد اﻟذى ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺗوﺻﯾل ﺑﯾن اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ واﻟﻠوﺣﺎت اﻟﻔرﻋﯾﺔ اﻟﻣوﺟودة ﻓﻰ اﻻدوار اﻟﻌﻠوﯾﺔ. x
ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل اﻟﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت واﻟﻣﺧراج ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛل ﺣرف Uوﻻ ﯾﻔﺿل ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛل ﺣرف .T x
ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل اﻟﻣﺧﺎرج ﺑﺣﯾث ﻣﺟﻣوع أﺣﻣﺎل اﻟﻣﺧﺎرج ﻓﻰ اﻟﻠﯾﻧﯾﺔ اﻟواﺣدة ﻻ ﺗﺗﻌدى .1200VA x
ﻻ ﯾﺻﺢ ﺗوﺻﯾل ﺟزء ﻣن ﻏرﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﯾﻧﯾﺔ ﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻏرﻓﺔ أﺧرى ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔس اﻟﻠﯾﻧﯾﺔ وﻟﻛن ﻣﻣﻛن ان ﺗوﺻل اﻟﻐرﻓﺗﯾن ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺗﯾن ﻣﻊ x
ﺑﻌض ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔس اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ.
ﯾراﻋﻰ ﺗﻘﺻﯾر اﻻطوال ﻗدر اﻟﻣﺳﺗطﺎع. x
ﯾﺗم ﺗﺟﻣﯾﻊ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ أﺣﻣﺎل اﻻﺿﺎءة ﻓﻰ ﺷﯾت اﻛﺳل. x
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
20
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
x Types of Sockets:
- Normal Socket : V = 220V, I = 10, S = 250VA According to EC Standard and 180VA According to
IEC Standard , Where EC is European Commission and IEC is International Electro technical
Commission and in the projects consider it = 250VA according to EC.
- Normal Socket Water Proof: Same as Normal Socket but with Cover IP 54 and used in Kitchen,
Outdoor, Bathrooms, ……….. .
- Doublex Socket: V = 220V, I = 10 or 16A, S = 500VA According to EC and 360VA According to IEC.
- Power Socket: V = 220V, I = 16A or 20A where S = 500VA: 15000VA or 2000VA, and I = 32A
where S = 2000VA : 5000VA. (Used in Kitchen, Bathroom in Hand Drier, ………….)
x Mounting Types:
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
21
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
ﻣن اﻻﻓﺿل أن ﯾﺗم ﺗوزﯾﻊ اﻟﺳوﻛﺗﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ اﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎرﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻰ ﺑﮭﺎ اﻟﻔرش ﺑﺣﯾث ﯾﺗم ﺗﺣدﯾد أﻣﺎﻛن ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻻﺟﮭزة ﺑﻣﻌرﻓﺔ x
اﻟﻣﮭﻧدس اﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎرى.
اذا ﻟم ﺗﺗواﻓر ﻟوﺣﺔ اﻟﻔرش اﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎرى أو اﻟدﯾﻛورى ﯾﺗم ﻓرض أﻣﺎﻛن اﻻﺟﮭزة ﺑﺷﻛل ﻣﻧﺎﺳب وﺗوزﯾﻊ اﻟﺳوﻛﺗﺎت ﻓﻰ ھذه اﻻﻣﺎﻛن. x
ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ N.Sﻋﻠﻰ ﻛل ﺣﺎﺋط ﺑﺣﯾث ﻛل ﻏرﻓﺔ ﯾﻛون ﺑﮭﺎ 4ﻣﺧﺎرج ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت. x
ﻓﻰ اﻟﻐرف اﻟﺗﻰ ﻟﯾس ﻟﮭﺎ اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻛﺑﯾر ﻛﺎﻟﻣﺳﺗودﻋﺎت أو اﻟﻣﺧﺎزن أو ﻏرف اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء أو ﻏرف اﻟﺧدﻣﺔ اﻟﺗﻰ ﻟﯾس ﺑﮭﺎ ﻣﻛﺗب ﯾﺗم x
وﺿﻊ ﺳوﻛت N.Sﺑﺟﺎﻧب اﻟﺑﺎب وأﺧرى ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣﺎﺋط اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺑل ﻟﻠﺑﺎب ﻓﻰ اﻟﺟﮭﺔ اﻟﻌﻛﺳﯾﺔ أﻣﺎ اذا ﻛﺎن ھﻧﺎك ﻣﻛﺗب ﻓﯾﺗم زﯾﺎدة ﺳوﻛت
ﻓﻰ اﻟطرﻗﺎت اﻟطوﯾﻠﺔ ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﺳوﻛت N.Sﻛل 6ﻣﺗر وھﻰ ﺗﻌﺗﺑر ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت ﺧدﻣﺔ. x
ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣﻣﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﺑﺎور ﺳوﻛت P.Sﻟﻣﺟﻔف اﻟﯾد ) (Hand Drierﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻟوﺿﻊ ﺳوﻛت N.S Water Proof x
ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣﻣﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﺳوﻛت N.S Water Proofﺑﺟﺎﻧب اﻟﺣوض. x
ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣطﺑﺦ ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﻋدد 2ﺑﺎور ﺳوﻛت P.Sﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ ﺳوﻛت N.S Water Proofﻋﻠﻰ ﻛل ﺣﺎﺋط أو ﯾﺗم زﯾﺎدة ﻋدد x
اﻟﺳوﻛﺗﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺳب اﻟﻔرش اذا ﻛﺎن ھﻧﺎك ﻋدد أﺟﮭزة ﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﻛﺛﯾرة.
ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻛﺎﺗب اذا ﻟم ﯾوﺟد ﻓرش ﯾﺗم اﻋﺗﺑﺎر أن ﻋرض اﻟﻣﻛﺗب ﺣواﻟﻰ 2ﻣﺗر وﺣﺳﺎب ﻋدد اﻟﻣﻛﺎﺗب ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻛﺎن ﺛم ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ x
ﻓﻰ اﻟﻛﺎﻓﯾﺗرﯾﺎت ﻣﺛﻼ ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﺳوﻛت ﺑﯾن ﻛل ﻋﻣودﯾن ﺑﺣﯾث ﯾﻛون ﺳوﻛت N.Sواﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ D.Sﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ وﺿﻊ D.Sﻋﻧد ﻛل x
ﺗﻠﯾﻔزﯾون.
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
22
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻣﻔﺗﺎح ) (Double Pole Switchﻟﻠﺳﺧﺎن اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻰ وﺗﯾﺎره ) (Rating Currentﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎﺑﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺳب اﻟﺣﻣل ﻟﻛل
ﺳﺧﺎن ﺣﯾث ﯾﻘوم ﻣﮭﻧدس اﻟﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﺎ ﺑﺣﺳﺎب أﺣﻣﺎل اﻟﺳﺧﺎﻧﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺳب ﻋدد اﻻﺣواض واﻟﺷﺎورات اﻟﻣوﺟودة أﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ
ﺗﺄﺧر ﻣﮭﻧدس اﻟﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﺎ ﺑﺎﻋطﺎﺋﻰ ھذه اﻻﺣﻣﺎل أو ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻣﺑﺎﻧﻰ اﻟﺳﻛﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﺻﻐﯾرة ﯾﺗم ﺗﺣدﯾد ﺣﻣل اﻟﺳﺧﺎن ﻛﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ :
-ﻋدد 2 : 1ﺣوض أو ﺷﺎور ﺗﻛون ﻗدرة اﻟﺳﺧﺎن S = 2000VAوﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح 16A
-ﻋدد 4 : 3ﺣوض أو ﺷﺎور ﺗﻛون ﻗدرة اﻟﺳﺧﺎن S = 2500VAوﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح 20A
-ﻋدد 6 : 5ﺣوض أو ﺷﺎور ﺗﻛون ﻗدرة اﻟﺳﺧﺎن S = 3000VAوﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح 25A
-ﻋدد 9 : 7ﺣوض أو ﺷﺎور ﺗﻛون ﻗدرة اﻟﺳﺧﺎن S = 3500VAوﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح 32A
ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻣﻔﺗﺎح ﻋﺎدى ﻣﺛل اﻻﻧﺎرة ) (S = 250VA , I = 10Aﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﺳﺗﺧدام ﺷﻔﺎط ﻋﺎدى ﻟﻠﺣﻣﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ أو اﻟﻣطﺎﺑﺦ
اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ أﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺷﺎرﯾﻊ اﻟﻛﺑﯾرة ﻓﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻣﺎﻛﯾﻧﺔ ﺷﻔط ﻣرﻛزﯾﺔ وﯾﻘوم ﯾﺗﺻﻣﯾﻣﮭﺎ ﻣﮭﻧدس اﻟﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﺎ ﻓﻰ ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﯾﺗم
اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻣﻔﺗﺎح ) (Switch Fuseوﺗﺣدﯾد ﺗﯾﺎره ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺳب اﻟﺣﻣل اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻰ ﻟﻠﻣﺎﻛﯾﻧﺔ ﺑﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ﻣﮭﻧدس اﻟﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﺎ ﻋن طرﯾق
) (C.F.Mوھﻰ ﻛﻣﯾﺔ اﻟﮭواء اﻟداﺧﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻛﺎن ) (Cubic Per Feet Per Meterوﻟﻛن ﻣﮭﻧدس اﻟﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﺎ ﯾﻌطﯾﻧﺎ اﻟﺣﻣل اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻰ
ﺑﺎﻟوات اﻟﻣﻛﺎﻓﺊ ﻟﮭذه اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟـ ).(C.F.M
- Switch Fuse (or Disconnect Switch) has 2 type the 1st is Single Phase Switch fuse and the
2nd is 3-Phase Switch Fuse
P = V*I * P.F in case of Single Phase and V = 220V
P = √3 * V * I * P.S in Case of 3-Phase and V = 380V
وﻣﻌﻰ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﺣﻣل أو اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯩﺔ ) (Sوﻧوع اﻟﻣﺎﻛﯾﻧﺔ ) (Single or 3 Phaseﻣن ﻣﮭﻧدس اﻟﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﺎ ﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎب ﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح
) (Rating Currentواﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻗرب واﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﻣﻌﯾﺎرﯾﺔ ) (Standardاﻻﻗرب ﻟﮭﺎ ﺑﺣﯾث اﻟﻘﯾم اﻟﻣﻌﯾﺎرﯾﺔ ھﻰ
16A, 20A, 25A, 32A, 40A, 50A, 63A, 80A, 100A, …etc
ﻣﺛﻼ ﻟو ﺗم ﺣﺳﺎب اﻟﺗﯾﺎر ووﺟدﻧﺎ أن ﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﺣﻣل = 22Aﻧﺧﺗﺎر ﻣﻔﺗﺎح Switch Fuseﺑﺗﯾﺎر 25A
ﻣﺛﺎل :ﯾوﺟد ﻣﺎﻛﯾﻧﺔ ﺷﻔط ھواء ﺑﻘدرة ﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﯾﺔ 9600 C.F.Mﺣﯾث P = 12KW, 3-Phase
P = √3 * S * P.F Where S = √3 * V * I = P / P.F = 12 / 0.8 = 15KVA
I (Load) = S / (√3*V) = 15*1000 / (√3 * 380) = 22.8 A , So Rating Current for the 3-Phase Switch
Fuse is 25A.
ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻣطﺎﺑﺦ أو اﻟﺣﻣﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﺔ اﻟﻣﺑﺎﻧﻰ اﻟﺳﻛﻧﯾﺔ أو اﻟﻣﺷﺎرﯾﻊ اﻟﺻﻐﯾرة ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﺷﻔﺎط ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣﻣﺎم أو -
اﻟﻣطﺑﺦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﻧور أو اﻟﺷﺎرع.
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
23
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺗﻛﯾﯾف ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻣﻔﺗﺎح ) (Switch Fuseأﺣﺎدى أو ﺛﻼﺛﻰ اﻟطور ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺳب ﺣﻣل وﻧوع اﻟﻣﺎﻛﯾﻧﺔ اﻟﺗﻰ ﯾﺣددھﺎ
ﻣﮭﻧدس اﻟﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﺎ ﺛم ﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎب ﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح ﻛﻣﺎ ھو ﻣوﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺷﻔﺎطﺎت.
ﻓﻰ ﻣﺻر ﯾﺗم ﺗﺣدﯾد ﻗدرة اﻟﺗﻛﯾﯾف ﺑﺎﻟﺣﺻﺎن ) (HPوﺗﺳﺎوى ) (1HP = 746Wattأﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻣﻠﻛﺔ اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ اﻟﺳﻌودﯾﺔ ﻓﯾﺗم ﺗﺣدﯾد
ﻗدرة اﻟﺗﻛﯾﯾف ﺑﺎﻟـ ) (RT or BTU/hrﺣﯾث ) (RT is Refrigeration Ton and BTU is British Thermal Unitوأﯾﺿﺎ
)(1Ton = 12000BTU/hr , 1.5Ton = 18000BTU/hr, 2Ton = 24000BTU/hr, ....
ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻣﺑﺎﻧﻰ اﻟﺳﻛﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﺻﻐﯾرة أو اﻟﻣﺷﺎرﯾﻊ اﻟﺻﻐﯾرة اﻟﺗﻰ ﻻ ﯾوﺟد ﺑﮭﺎ ﻣﮭﻧدس ﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﺎ ﯾﻣﻛن ﺗﺣدﯾد ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﻗدرة اﻟﺗﻛﯾﯾﻔﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ
اﻟﻧﺣو اﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ :ﻓﻰ ﻣﺻر ﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎﺑﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟـ ) (HPﻋن طرﯾق اﻟﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ
Power in KW = Area of Room * 1.7 / 20 = ?? KW
Power in HP = KW * 1000 / 746 = ?? HP
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺑﯾل اﻟﻣﺛﺎل ﻟو ھﻧﺎك ﻏرﻓﺔ 5ﻣﺗر * 4ﻣﺗر ﻓﻛم ﺗﻛون ﻗدرة اﻟﺗﻛﯾﯾف اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﮭذه اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ؟؟
Power = 4 * 5 * 1.7 / 20 = 1.275 KW
)HP = 1.7*1000 / 746 = 2.2 HP , So we will Use A.C with 2.25HP (Standard
أﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻣﻠﻛﺔ اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ اﻟﺳﻌودﯾﺔ ﻓﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎب ﻗدرة اﻟﺗﻛﯾﯾف ﻋن طرﯾق ﺿرب اﻟطول * اﻟﻌرض * اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع ﺛم ﻧﺿرب اﻟﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﻓﻰ
250اﻟﻰ 300ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﻸﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﺣﺎرة ﺟدا أو اﻟﻐرف اﻟﺗﻰ اﻟﺗﻰ ﯾﻛون ﺑﮭﺎ واﺟﮭﺎت زﺟﺎﺟﯾﺔ ﻓﻧﺿرﺑﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ 300وﯾﻛون اﻟﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﺑـ
BTU/hr
ﻣﺛﺎل :ﻏرﻓﺔ أﺑﻌﺎدھﺎ طول = 7ﻣﺗر وﻋرض 4ﻣﺗر وارﺗﻔﺎع طﺑﻌﺎ 3ﻣﺗر وﻣﻧطﻘﺔ ﺣﺎرة ﺟدا
BTU/hr = 7*4*3*300 = 2500 BTU/hr, So we must select A.C with 24000 BTU/hr.
)Standard BTU in KSA (12000, 18000, 24000, 36000, 42000, 48000, 60000
Standard Ton in KSA ( 1 , 1.5 , 2 ,3 , 3.5 , 4 ,5 )
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
24
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
x According to EC standard the load of N.S = 250VA so the max. No of N.S in one line is 8, and the
x Wiring: 3*4 mm2 CU/PVC in 25 mm Diameter UPVC Conduit Embedded in Wall or Floor.
x For water heater we use Double Pole Switch, for Air conditioner, Exhaust Fan and any
.2000VA ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﯾراﻋﻰ أﻗﺻﻰ ﺣﻣل ﻟﻠﯾﻧﯾﺔ اﻟواﺣدة وھوD.S ﻣﻊN.S ﻣن اﻟﻣﻣﻛن ﺗوﺻﯾل ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت اﻟـ x
.ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺷﺎرﯾﻊ اﻟﻛﺑﯾرة ﯾﻔﺿل ﺗوﺻﯾل ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت اﻟﻣﻣرات ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﯾﻧﯾﺎت ﻣﻧﻔﺻﻠﺔ وﻋدم ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت ﻓﻰ اﻟﻐرف أو ﻗﺎﻋﺎت x
. ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﯾﻧﯾﺔ ﻣﻧﻔﺻﻠﺔ وﻛذﻟك ﻛل ﺳﺧﺎن وﻛل ﺗﻛﯾﯾف أو ﻣﺎﻛﯾﻧﺔ ﺗﻛﯾﯾف وﻛل ﻣﻌدةPower Socket “P.S” ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل ﻛل x
. ﻓﮭو رﻗم اﻟﻠوﺣﺔG ھو رﻗم اﻟﻠﯾﻧﯾﺔ أﻣﺎP1 ﺑﺣﯾثP1/G ﯾﺗم ﺗرﻗﯾم ﻛل ﻟﯾﻧﯾﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ x
( ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل اﻟﺛﻼث أﺳﻼك ﺑﺛﻼث أطراف ﺑﺄرﻗﺎم ﻓردﯾﺔ أو ﺛﻼث أطراف ﺑﺄرﻗﺎم زوﺟﯾﺔ3-Ph) ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻠﯾﻧﯾﺎت اﻟـ x
.P1,3,5/G or P2,4,6/G
ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﺳوﻛﺗﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟوﺣﺔ اﻟﻛﺎد وﻛذﻟك ﺗﺟﻣﯾﻊ ﻛل اﻻﺣﻣﺎل ﻓﻰ ﺷﯾت اﻛﺳل: اﻟدرس اﻟﻌﻣﻠﻰ
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
25
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
x Wiring Diagram:
."Automatic Switch" C.B ﻋن طرﯾق ﻗواطﻊOutput وInput اﻟﺑﺎس ﺑﺎر ھﻰ ﺑﺎرة ﻧﺣﺎس ﻟﮭﺎ:"Bus Bar" B.B x
."C.B" " ھﻰ ﺗﺻﻣﯾم واﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻘواطﻊPanel" أول ﺧطوة ﻓﻰ ﺗﺻﻣﯾم اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ x
"Power" " ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺑﺎرة اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﺔ وﻟﻛن أﺣﻣﺎل اﻟﻘوىLighting" ﻛﻣﺎ ھو ﻣوﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺻورة ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل أﺣﻣﺎل اﻻﺿﺎءة x
" ﻟﻠﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ ﻣنEarthing Leakage Circuit Breaker" ﯾﺗم ﺗﺟﻣﯾﻌﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎرو ﻓرﻋﯾﺔ ﺛم اﻟﻰ اﻟﺑﺎرة اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ ﻋن طرﯾق ﻗﺎطﻊ
.ﺗﺳرﯾب اﻻرﺿﻰ اﻟراﺟﻊ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻧﻘطﺎع ﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣﺻدر
1. Low Voltage (1V : 1KV) : 1-Ф 220V for S <= 5KVA and 3- Ф 380V for S > 5KVA.
MCB >> Miniature C.B, MCCB >> Molded Case C.B, ACB >> Air Circuit Breaker.
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
26
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
Ex: I Load = 18A >>> IC.B = 1.25*18= 22.5 A So we select IC.B = 25A.
Also Don’t Forget : P = V*I*P.F for 1-Ф and V = 220V and P = √3 * V*I*P.F for 3-θ and V = 380
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
27
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
3. Air C.B (630 : 6300A): We use it after the transformer except only one case if the location of
transformer contains dust such as outdoor and factories we must use MCCB.
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
28
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
29
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
- For Lighting Circuits Max. Load “S” = 1200VA , P = V * I * P.F and S = V*I
ILoad = S / V = 1200 / 220 = 5.54A
IC.B = 1.25*5.54 = 6.8A So we select IC.B = 10A for Lighting Circuits.
- For Power Circuits in Case of Max. Load “S” = 2000VA , P = V * I * P.F and S = V*I
ILoad = S / V = 2000 / 220 = 9.09A
IC.B = 1.25*9.09 = 11.36A So we select IC.B = 16A for Power Circuits and Max. Load = 2000VA.
But if the load of power > 2000VA we calculate the rating current of C.B by the same method
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
30
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
Demand Factor or Diversity Factor ﺑﻌد ﺗﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻻﺣﻣﺎل اﻟﻛﻠﯾﺔ ﻻﺑد ﻣن ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺳﻣﻰ ﺑﻣﻌﺎﻣل اﻟطﻠب x
ھو ﻣﻌﺎﻣل اﺣﺗﻣﺎﻟﯾﺔ ﺗﺷﻐﯾل ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻻﺣﻣﺎل اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ ﻓﻰ وﻗت واﺣد: ﻣﻌﺎﻣل اﻟطﻠب x
Load >> Demand Factor
Lighting >> 0.9
Power “N.S & EX.F >> 0.4
A.C >> 1
W.H >> 1
Equipment and P.S >> 1
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
31
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
32
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻣوﻟدات ﻣﻊ اﻻﺣﻣﺎل اﻟﻣراد ﻋدم ﻗطﻊ اﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﻋﻧﮭﺎ وﺗﻌﺗﺑر أﺣﻣﺎل طوارئ Emergencyأﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ اﻻﺣﻣﺎل ﻓﺗﻌﺗﺑر x
أﺣﻣﺎل ﻋﺎدﯾﺔ Normal
ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﻟوﺣﺔ اﻟطوارئ ﺑﺟﺎﻧب ﻟوﺣﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء اﻟﻔرﻋﯾﺔ وﯾﺗم ﺗرﻗﯾم ﻟﯾﻧﯾﺎﺗﮭﺎ L/EG1وﺗﻛون ﻟوﻧﮭﺎ أﺣﻣر ""RED x
ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ وﺿﻊ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ أﺣﻣﺎل اﻻﻧﺎرة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟوﺣﺔ اﻟطوارئ أو ﺟزء ﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﺣﺳب رﻏﺑﺔ اﻟﻣﺎﻟك ﺑﺣﯾث ﻟو ﺟزء ﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﻻ ﺗزﯾد x
ﻋن %25ﻣن اﺟﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت اﻻﺿﺎءة ""From 20% to 25%
ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل ﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت اﻧﺎرة اﻟطوارئ ﺣﯾث ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل أول ﻛﺷﺎف ﻓﻰ اﻟرﻛن اﻟﻣﺟﺎور x
ﻟﻠﺑﺎب واﺧر ﻛﺷﺎف ﻓﻰ اﻟرﻛن اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺑل ﻟﮫ وﺗوﺻﯾل اﻟﻛﺷﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﺗﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻧﺗﺻف.
ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت Single N.Sﻻ ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟوﺣﺔ اﻟطوارئ اﻻ اذا ﻛﺎﻧت ﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ x
ﻷﺣﻣﺎل ﺧﺎﺻﺔ أﻣﺎ D.Sﻟو ﻛﺎﻧت ﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ ﻷﺟﮭزة ﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﻧوك ﻣﺛﻼ أو ﻓﻰ
اﻟﻣﻛﺎﺗب اﻻدارﯾﺔ ﻓﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﻠوﺣﺔ اﻟطوارئ.
ﺟﻣﯾﻊ Switch Fuseاﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻛﯾﯾف واﻟﻣﻌدات واﻟﻣﺎﻛﯾﻧﺎت ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﻠوﺣﺔ x
اﻟطوارئ اذا ﻛﺎن ذﻟك رﻏﺑﺔ اﻟﻣﺎﻟك اﻻ اذا ﺣدد ﺑﻌض اﻻﺣﻣﺎل وﻟﯾس ﻛﻠﮭﺎ.
ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺷﻔﯾﺎت ﺟﻣﯾﻊ أﺣﻣﺎل ﻏرف اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺎت واﻟﻌﻧﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻣرﻛزة واﻟﻣﻌدات اﻟﻣﮭﻣﺔ ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﻠوﺣﺔ اﻟطوارئ. x
ﻓﻰ ﻣﺻر اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟــ Demand Loadاﻟﺧﺎص ﺑﺎﻟوﺣﺔ اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ أﻗل ﻣن 400KVAﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة ﺑﺗﻐذﯾﺔ ﺷرﻛﺔ x
اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء "اﻟﺿﻐط اﻟﻣﻧﺧﻔض "L.Vدون ﺗرﻛﯾب ﻣﺣول أﻣﺎ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟـ D.Lأﻛﺑر ﻣن 400KVAﻓﺳﺗﺟﺑر ﺷرﻛﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء ﻣﺎﻟك
اﻟﻣﺷروع ﺑﺗرﻛﯾب ﻣﺣول ﯾﺗم ﺗﻐذﯾﺗﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﺿﻐط اﻟﻣﺗوﺳط " "M.Vﺗﻘرﯾﺑﺎ 11KV
ﻋﻧد اﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣﺣول وﺣﺳﺎب ﺣﻣﻠﮫ ﯾﺟب ﺗﺣﻣﯾﻠﮫ ﺑﻣﺎ ﻻ ﯾزﯾد ﻋن %80ﻣن أﻗﺻﻰ ﺣﻣل ﻟﮫ ﻟذﻟك
ﻓﻰ اﻟوﺿﻊ اﻟطﺑﯾﻌﻰ ﯾﻛون ﻣﻔﺗﺎح ATSﻋﻧد اﻟوﺿﻊ) (1ﺣﯾث ﺗﻘوم اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ ﺑﺗﻐذﯾﺔ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﻠوﺣﺎت اﻟﻔرﻋﯾﺔ " Normal and
"Emergencyوﻟﻛن ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣدوث Faultﯾﻘوم ﻣﻔﺗﺎح ATSﺑﺗﻐﯾﯾر وﺿﻌﮫ اﻟﻰ اﻟوﺿﻊ ) (2اﻟﻣﺗﺻل ﺑﺎﻟﻣوﻟد ﺣﯾث ﻓﻰ ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﯾﻘوم
اﻟﻣوﻟد ﺑﺗﻐذﯾﺔ ﻟوﺣﺔ اﻟطوارئ ﻓﻘط.
ﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎب ﺗﯾﺎر ATSﻛﺄﻧﮫ ﻣﻔﺗﺎح أو ﻗﺎطﻊ ﻟﻠﻣوﻟد " "Generatorﻓﻣﺛﻼ ﻟو ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻣوﻟد 320KVAﯾﻛون ﺗﯾﺎر ﻣﻔﺗﺎح ATSﯾﺳﺎوى x
608A = 1.25*1.52*320وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ ﯾﺗم اﺧﺗﯾﺎر ﻣﻔﺗﺎح اﻟـ .600A = ATS
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
33
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻸﺣﻣﺎل اﻟﮭﺎﻣﺔ ﺟدا ﺣﯾث أن اﻟﻣوﻟد " "Generatorﯾﺣﺗﺎج ﻟﺑﻌض اﻟوﻗت ﻟﻛﻰ ﯾدﺧل اﻟﺧدﻣﺔ ﺑﺣﯾث أن ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻻﺣﻣﺎل اﻟﺗﻰ ﯾﺗم
ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﮭذه اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻣل اﻟطﻠب ) (Demand Factorاﻟﺧﺎص ﺑﮭﺎ ﯾﺳﺎوى 1أى أن )(Demand Load = UPS Load
ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟطﺑﯾﻌﯾﺔ ﯾﻣر اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻰ ﻟﻠﺣﻣل ﻣن اﻟﻣﺻدر ﻣن ﺧﻼل اﻟﻔرع " "Branch 1وأﯾﺿﺎ ﺗوﺻل اﻟﺑطﺎرﯾﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺻدر x
ﻋﻧد اﻟﻧﻘطﺔ ) (2ﺣﯾث ﺗﺷﺣن اﻟﺑطﺎرﯾﺎت وﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣدوث Faultﻋطل واﻧﻘطﺎع اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻰ ﻣن اﻟﻣﺻدر ﺗﻘوم اﻟﺑطﺎرﯾﺎت
ﺑﺗﻔرﯾﻎ اﻟﺷﺣن ) (Dischargingﺣﯾث ﯾﻣر اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻰ ﻟﻠﺣﻣل ﻣن اﻟﺑطﺎرﯾﺎت.
ﯾﺗم ﺗﺻﻣﯾم ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟــ UPSﺑﻧﻔس طرﯾﻘﺔ ﺗﺻﻣﯾم اﻟﻠوﺣﺎت اﻟﻔرﻋﯾﺔ ﻓﯾﻣﺎ ﻋدا أن اﻟــ Demand Factorﺗﺳﺎوى .1 x
ﻓﻰ اﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﺳﻛﻧﯾﺔ ﯾوﺟد ﻋداد واﺣد وﯾﻘوم ﺑﻘﯾﺎس KWhrوﯾﺗم ﻣﺣﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﺷرﻛﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘدرة Energy “E” = P * t x
ﺣﯾث أن Pھﻰ اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ أو اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻣﺳﺗﮭﻠﻛﺔ " "Active Power or Consumed Powerأﻣﺎ tﻓﮭﻰ اﻟزﻣن ﺑﺎﻟﺳﺎﻋﺔ.
ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻧﺷﺄت اﻟﺻﻧﺎﻋﯾﺔ ﯾوﺟد ﻋداد اﺧر ﻟﺣﺳﺎب اﻟﻘدرة ﻏﯾر اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ " "Reactive Powerوﺗﻘﺎس ﺑـ " "KVAhrوذﻟك ﻟوﺟود x
أﺣﻣﺎل ﻣواﺗﯾر وأﺣﻣﺎل اﺧرى ﺗزﯾد ﻣن ﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻟـ ) (Qﺣﯾث ان Qھﻰ اﻟﻘدرة ﻏﯾر اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ <<< S = P + J*Q
x P.F < 1 >>>>> P.F Increase so Q Decrease and P.F Decrease so Q Increase
ﺗﻘوم ﺷرﻛﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء ﺑﻘﯾﺎس وﺣﺳﺎب ﻣﻌﺎﻣل اﻟﻘدرة P.Fوﻻﺑد أن ﺗﻛون ﻗﯾﻣﺗﮭﺎ ﺗﺗراوح ﺑﯾن 0.8اﻟﻰ 0.9 x
ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ) (P.F > 0.9ﺑﺗﺣﺳﯾن ﻣﻌﺎﻣل اﻟﻘدرة أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣن 0.9ﯾﺗم ﺗﻘﻠﯾل ﺷرﯾﺣﺔ اﻟدﻓﻊ. .1
ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ) (0.8 < P.F < 0.9ﺳﯾﻛون ﺳﻌر اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء ﻧﻔس اﻟﺳﻌر اﻟﻌدى. .2
ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ) (0.6 < P.F < 0.8ﺳﺗﻘوم ﺷرﻛﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء ﺑﻔرض ﺿرﯾﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﺻﻧﻊ ""Penalty or Taxes .3
ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ) (0.4 < P.F < 0.6ﺳﯾﺗم ﻣﺿﺎﻋﻔﺔ اﻟﺿرﯾﺑﺔ ""Penalty *2 .4
ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ) (P.F < 0.4ﺳﯾﺗم ﻓﺻل اﻟﺧدﻣﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ ﻧﮭﺎﺋﯾﺎ ﻋن اﻟﻣﺻﻧﻊ ""Disconnect Electricity .5
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
34
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
Ex: If the total demand load S = 700KVA, P.F1 = 0.6 , P.F2 = 0.95
Where P.F1 before correction and P.F2 after correction and decided by the designer.
ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل اﻟﻣﻛﺛﻔﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺗوازى ﻣﻊ اﻻﺣﻣﺎل اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ ﻓﻣﻊ زﯾﺎدة اﻟﺣﻣل اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻲ ﯾﺗم زﯾﺎدة ﻋدد اﻟﻣﻛﺛﻔﺎت اﻟواﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﺷﻛل x
ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻰ وﻣﻊ ﺗﻘﻠﯾل اﻟﺣﻣل ﯾﺗم ﺗﻘﻠﯾل ﻋدد اﻟﻣﻛﺛﻔﺎت ﻓﻔﻰ اﻟﻣﺛﺎل اﺳﺎﺑق ﻧﺟد أن Xc = 341KVAhrواﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺳﺎوى ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﺎ 350KVAr
ﻓﯾﺗم ﺗﺛﺑﯾت ﻧﺻف اﻟﺣﻣل ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﺎ وﺟﻌل اﻟﻧﺻف اﻻﺧر ﻣﺗﻐﯾر )Xc = 150KVAhr (Fixed) + 200KVAhr (Variable
واﻟﻣﻛﺛﻔﺎت اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾرة ﯾﺗم ﺗﻘﺳﯾﻣﮭﺎ اﻟﻰ 25KVAhrأو 50KVAhrواﻻﻓﺿل اﻟﻰ 25KVAhr
Xc = 150 KVAhr Fixed + 8 * 25 KVAhr Variable
ﻣﻠﺣوظﺔ :ﻓﻰ ﺑداﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺷروع ﻗﺑل ﺗوﺻﯾل اﻻﺣﻣﺎل وﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻟـ P.Fاﻟﻣراد ﺗﺣﺳﯾﻧﮭﺎ ﯾﻣﻛن ﺣﺳﺎب Q1ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺳﺎوى x
%25ﻣن اﻟﺣﻣل اﻟﻛﻠﻰ .Q1 = 7000 * 0.25
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
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Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
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ھﻰ اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔƍ ﺣﯾثR=ƍ*L/A اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ھﻰ اﻋﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻣﺎدة ﻟﻣرور اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻰ "اﻻﻟﻛﺗروﻧﺎت" ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ ﺣﯾث -
2.82*10⁻⁸ = Al أﻣﺎ ﻟﻼﻟﻣوﻧﯾوم1.7*10⁻⁵ =Copper ( وھﻰ ﻟﻠﻧﺣﺎسResistivity Ohm.m) اﻟﻧوﻋﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻣوﺻل
I α A و V α Insulation و R α 1/A أﯾﺿﺎR α L -
: ¾ ﺗرﻛﯾب اﻟﻛﺎﺑﻼت
Conductor ﻣوﺻل-
Insulation ﻋﺎزل-
Sheath ﻋﺎزل رﺋﯾﺳﻰ-
x Cable Classification:
1. Operating Voltage
2. Operating Frequency
3. Conductor Type
4. Insulation Level
5. Core Number
x Operating Voltage:
- Low Voltage ( 1V : 1000V )
- Medium Voltage ( 1KV : 66KV )
- High Voltage ( 66KV : 500KV )
- Control Cable
x Operating Frequency:
- 50 HZ
- 60HZ
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Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
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x Conductor Type:
- Aluminum (AL)
- Copper (CU)
9 Conductivity of AL is 65% of CU Conductivity.
9 AL is Lighter than CU in weight.
9 CU is higher cost than AL
9 All Medium Voltage cables are made from AL
because of low cost and need low current.
x Insulation Level:
- PVC used in 70°C as normal temperature, and 150°C as Max. Temp. at short circuit.
- XLPE used in 90°C as normal temperature, and 250°C as Max. Temp. at short circuit.
- All Medium voltage cables with XLPE insulation
- Low voltage cables may be with PVC for low current or XLPE for high current.
- Armoring (S.T.A “Steel Tape Armoured”, S.W.A “Steel Wire Armoured”) used for
underground for mechanical stress.
x Core Number:
- Single Core.
- Multi Core (2Cores, 3 Cores, 4Cores)
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Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
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¾ Conclusion:
x Wires >> VOP (450/750V): For Branch Circuits and Lighting Circuits
- CU / PVC
- CU / XLPE
¾ Cable Design:
I Cable = I C.B / Derating Factor
Derating Factor according to the cable is in air or ground and we take the value of
derating factor at temperature 50.
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Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
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9 Also we can consider that the derating factor for all cases equal 0.8.
EX: Load is 50KVA, 3PH and 50HZ. Cable Size ???? (Cable in the ground and PVC)
I Cable = I C.B / Derating Factor , Derating factor for the ground at 50ᵒC = 0.76
- From catalogue we can obtain the size of cable by operating voltage, Conductor and
insulation type (CU or AL / PVC or XLPE), ground or free in air or in conduit, No. of cores,
cable current.
- From Elseweedy Catalogue we can find the cable size is 50mm²
¾ Cable Description:
- Cables till 16 mm² 3Phase “R, S, T” = Neutral = Earth
- 25mm² 3Phase = Neutral, and Earth = 0.5 Phase
- More than 25mm² (35 : 300) Neutral = Earth = 0.5 Phase
Ex: 4*1*16mm² + 1*16mm² (S.C.C.C)
²ﻣم16 ﻛﺎﺑل أرﺿﻰ+ ² ﻣم16 ( ﻛل ﻛﺎﺑل ﻓردى ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻘطﻌﮫ3Phase, 1Neutral) ﻛﺎﺑﻼت4 وھﻰ ﺗﻌﻧﻰ ﻋدد
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
40
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
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Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
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x Note that if total V.D% > 5% (not accepted) we have to choice the next high cross
section area.
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
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Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
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ﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻘﺻر وھو اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟذى ﯾﺣدث ﻋﻧده ﺗﻠف ﻟﻠﻘﺎطﻊ C.Bوﻟم ﯾﻔﺻل ﻋﻧد ﺗﺧطﻰ I C.B
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
43
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
44
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
اﻟﺗﺄرﯾض ھو ﺗوﺻﯾل ﺷﺑﻛﺎت اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء اﻟﻣﻐذﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺑﻧﻰ أو اﺟﺳﺎم اﻟﻣﻌدات اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﯾﺔ اﻟﻣوﺟودة ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﯾﻧﻰ ﺑﺎﻻرض وﯾﺗم ﺑﻐرض -
اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ ﻣن اﻟﺻدﻣﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﯾﺔ وﻛذﻟك ﺗﺣﺳﯾن اداء اﻟﻣﻧظوﻣﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ.
.1اﻟﺗﺄرﯾض اﻟوظﯾﻔﻰ :وﺑﺧﺗص ھذا اﻟﻧوع ﻣن اﻟﺗﺄرﯾض ﺑﺗﺄرﯾض ﻣﺻدر اﻟﺗﻐذﯾﺔ اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﻰ وﯾﺳﻣﻰ ﺑﺗﺄرﯾض اﻟﻧظﺎم ) System
.(Grounding or System Earthing
.2اﻟﺗﺄرﯾض اﻟوﻗﺎﺋﻰ :وﯾﺧﺗص ھذا اﻟﻧوع ﺑﺗوﺻﯾل اﻻﺟﺳﺎم اﻟﺧﺎرﺟﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﻌدﻧﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻌدات اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﻻرض وﺳﻣﻰ اﻟﺗﺄرﯾض اﻟوﻗﺎﺋﻰ
).(Protective Grounding
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
46
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
47
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
x The first letter indicates the connection between earth and the power-supply equipment
(generator or transformer):
- "T" — Direct connection of a point with earth
x The second letter indicates the connection between earth and the electrical device being
supplied:
- "T" — Direct connection of a point with earth
- "N" — Direct connection to neutral at the origin of installation, which is connected to the earth
ﯾﻘﺻد ﺑﺗﺻﻣﯾم أﻗطﺎب اﻻرﺿﻰ ھﻰ ﺗﺣدﯾد ﻋدد اﻻﻟﻛﺗرودات اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ )ﻗطب اﻻرﺿﻰ( وﺗﺣدﯾد طوﻟﮭﺎ وﻛذﻟك ﻗطرھﺎ أو -
ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻘطﻌﮭﺎ ﻟﻠوﺻول اﻟﻰ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ أرﺿﻰ أﻗل ﻣن 0.5أوم )(R earth < 0.5 Ohm
ﻓﻰ دواﺋر اﻻﺿﺎءة ودواﺋر اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ ) (R earth < 2 Ohmأﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ دواﺋر اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﺧﻔﯾف ) (R earth < 0.5 Ohmوﺑﻣﺎ أن -
ﻣﻌظم اﻟﻣﺷﺎرﯾﻊ ﺗﺣﺗوى ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻻﻧظﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ وﻗت واﺣد ﻓﯾﺗم اﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾم ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎس ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻرﺿﻰ أﻗل ﻣن 0.5أوم.
ﻗﺑل اﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾم ﻻ ﺑد ﻣن ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻧوﻋﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺗرﺑﺔ ) (ƍ “Soil Resistivity in Ω.mﻓﮭﻰ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺗﺔ ﻟﻛل ﻣﻛﺎن وﺑﺗﻐﯾﯾر -
اﻟﻌواﻣل ) (L, N, Aﯾﺗم اﻟﺣﺻول ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻرﺿﻰ اﻟﻣطﻠوﺑﺔ ) (0.5 Ωﺣﯾث :
)A is Cross Section Area of Electrode and depend on Electrode Diameter (m²
ﯾﻣﻛن اﻻﺳﺗﻔﺎدة ﻣن اﻻﺟﺳﺎم اﻟﻣﻌدﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﻣدﻓوﻧﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻻرض واﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ ﻷﻏراض أﺧرى )ﻛﺣدﯾد اﻟﺗﺳﻠﯾﺢ ﻟﻠﻣﻧﺷﺄة او ﻣواﺳﯾر -
اﻟﻐﺎز او اﻟﻣﯾﺎ .............. ,اﻟﺦ( واﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭﺎ ﻛﺄﻗطﺎب ﺗﺄرﯾض اذا ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧت ھذه اﻻﺟﺳﺎم ﻣﺗﺻﻠﺔ ﺟﯾدا ﺑﺎﻻرض وﺗﺳﻣﻰ ﻗطب
ﺗﺄرﯾض طﺑﯾﻌﻰ ) (Natural Earth Electrodeواذا ﻛﺎﻧت اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻرﺿﯾﺔ ﻟﮭﺎ أﻗل ﻣن اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﻣطﻠوﺑﺔ ﻓﻧﻛﺗﻔﻰ ﺑﮭذه
اﻻﻗطﺎب اﻟطﺑﯾﻌﯾﺔ أﻣﺎ ﻟو ﻛﺎﻧت اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻرﺿﯾﺔ أﻛﺑر ﻣن اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﻣطﻠوﺑﺔ ﻓﯾﺗم اﺿﺎﻓﺔ أﻗطﺎب ﺟدﯾدة ﻧﺣﺎﺳﯾﺔ ﺗوﺻل ﻣﻌﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ
اﻟﺗوازى ﻟﺗﺣﻘﯾق اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻣطﻠوﺑﺔ وﯾﺳﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻘطب اﻻﺻطﻧﺎﻋﻰ ).(Artificial Earth Electrode
ﺑﻌد ﺗﺣدﯾد ﻋدد اﻻﻟﻛﺗرودات وأطواﻟﮭﺎ وأﻗطﺎرھﺎ ﯾﺗم دﻓن ﻛل اﻟﻛﺗرود ﻓﻰ ﺑﯾر ﯾﺳﻣﻰ ﺑﯾر اﻻرﺿﻰ وﯾﺗم اﻟدﻓن اﻟﻰ أﻛﺛر ﻣن 3ﻣﺗر -
ان أﻣﻛن.
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
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Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
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ﻓﻰ ﺑﻌض اﻻﺣﯾﺎن ﺗﻛون اﻻرض ﺻﺧرﯾﺔ وﻻ ﯾﻣﻛن دﻓن اﻻﻟﻛﺗرود رأﺳﯾﺎ ﻓﯾﻣﻛن دﻓن اﻻﻟﻛﺗرود ﺑزاوﯾﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻘل ﻋن 45درﺟﺔ -
واذا ﻟم ﻧﺗﻣﻛن ﻣن دﻓن اﻻﻟﻛﺗرود ﺑﺷﻛل رأﺳﻰ ﻟوﺟود اﻟﺻﺧر ﺑﺎﻟﻘرب ﻣن ﺳطﺢ اﻻرض ﻓﯾﻣﻛن دﻓﻧﮫ أﻓﻘﯾﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻣق ﺣواﻟﻰ ﻣﺗر
ﻣن ﺳطﺢ اﻻرض.
اﻻﺣﺟﺎم اﻟﻘﯾﺎﺳﯾﺔ ﻟﻼﻟﻛﺗرودات ﺗﺗراوح ﻣن 1ﻣﺗر اﻟﻰ 3.5ﻣﺗر طول ﺑﻘطر 16ﻣم وﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ دﻓن اﻻﻟﻛﺗرود ﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺎت ﻋﻣﯾﻘﺔ -
ﯾﻔﺿل أن ﯾﻛون اﻻﻟﻛﺗرود ﻣﻔﻛك وﻛﻠﻣﺎ دﻓن ﺟزء ﯾﺿﺎق اﻟﺟزء اﻻﺧر ﺑواﺳطﺔ واﺻﻠﺔ ﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﯾﺔ ﻟﺿﻣﺎن اﺳﺗﻣرار اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل.
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
49
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
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ﺗوﺟد ﺑﻌض أﻧواع ﻣن اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ اﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺳﺑب ﺗﺂﻛل ﺳرﯾﻊ ﻟﻼﻟﻛﺗرودات ﻟذﻟك ﯾﺟب اﻟﻛﺷف اﻟدورى ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻟﻛﺗرود وﻗﯾﺎس ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺗﮫ ﻛل -
ﻓﺗرة.
اذا ﻟم ﺗﺗﺣﻘق ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻرﺿﻰ ﻓﯾﻣﻛن زﯾﺎدة طول اﻻﻟﻛﺗرود أو زﯾﺎدة ﻗطره أو زﯾﺎدة ﻋدد اﻻﻟﻛﺗرودات ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﻼ ﺗﻘل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ -
ﺑﯾن اﻟﻛﺗودان ﻋن 2ﻣﺗر وﻛذﻟك ﯾﻣﻛن اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ اﻟﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺗرﺑﺔ اذا ﻟم ﻧﺗﻣﻛن ﻣن ﺧﻔض اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟطرق اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻋن طرﯾق
ﻋﻣل ﺣﻔر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌد 10ﺳم ﻣن اﻻﻟﻛﺗرود وﺑﻌﻣق 30ﺳم وﺗﻣﻠﺊ ﺑﻣﺎدة ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﻟﻠﺗرﺑﺔ )ﻛﺑرﯾﺗﺎت اﻟﻣﻐﻧﯾﺳﯾوم وﻛﺑرﯾﺗﺎت اﻟﻧﺣﺎس
وﻛﻠورﯾد اﻟﺻودﯾوم "ﻣﻠﺢ اﻟطﻌﺎم" ووﺿﻊ ھذا اﻟﻣﻠﺢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺎء ﻟﯾﻧﺗﺷر ﺧﻼل اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ(.
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
50
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
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Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
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(Data and Telephone) اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮة اﻟﺴﺎدﺳﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﺒﺎﻧﺎت واﻟﺘﻠﯿﻔﻮن
¾ Data Network:
x Main Element of Data Network
1. Data Outlet (Data Socket)
2. Patch Panel
3. Data Switch
4. Data Cables
x Patch Panel:
- 6 Port, 12 Port, 24 Port, 36 Port, 48Port, and 64 Port.
.(2 P.P 48 Port) ﺳوﻛت ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام85 ﻓﻣﺛﻼ ﻟو ﻋﻧدى
ﺗرﺗﯾب وﺗﻧظﯾم اﻟﻛﺎﺑﻼت اﻟﻘﺎدﻣﺔ ﻣن ﻣﺧﺗﻠف ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ وﯾﺗم وﺿﻌﮫ ﻓﻰ ﻛل دور ﻟﺗﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﻧﻘﺎطPatch Panel وظﯾﻔﺔ اﻟـ -
. اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﻰSwitch اﻟﻣوﺟودة ﻓﯾﮭﺎ ﺛم ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟـ
ﻟﯾﮭوﻟﺔ اﺟراء ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﺻﯾﺎﻧﺔ وﺳﮭوﻟﺔ اﻟوﺻول ﻟﻠﻛﺎﺑلPatch Panel ﯾﺗم ﺗرﻗﯾم اﻟﻛﺎﺑﻼت اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺧﺎرج وﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟـ -
.اﻟﻣراد ﻓﺣﺻﮫ ﻋن طرﯾق اﻟرﻗم
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
52
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
x Data Cables:
.Category ( ھﻰ اﺧﺗﺻﺎر ﻟﻛﻠﻣﺔCat) ( واﻟـCat3, Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6e) أﺷﮭر اﻟﻔﺋﺎت اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ -
. ﻣﺗر100 ( ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺎت أﻗل ﻣن1Gbps ( ﻓﻰ ﻣﻌظم اﻟﻣﺷﺎرﯾﻊ )ﺳرﻋﺔ ﻧﻘل اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎتCat6) ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻛﺎﺑل -
- Data Cable Cat6 in 20mm Diameter PVC Conduit Embedded in Wall or Floor.
.( أو اى ﻣﻛﺎن ﻣﻧﺎﺳبServer Room) ﻓﻰ ﻏرﻓﺔ اﻟﺧدﻣﺎت أو ﻏرﻓﺔ اﻟﺗﺣﻛم أو ﻏرﻓﺔ اﻻﻣن أو ﻏرﻓﺔ اﻟﺣﺎﺳب اﻻﻟﻰIT-R ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ اﻟـ
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
53
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
ﻋﻧد اﻟﺗوزﯾﻊ ﻓﻰ اﻻوﺗوﻛﺎد ﯾﺗم اظﮭﺎر ﺟﻣﯾﻊ ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت اﻟﺑﺎور )اﻟﺑراﯾز( وﻛذﻟك اظﮭﺎر اﻟﻔرش ووﺿﻊ ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت اﻟداﺗﺎ ﺑﺟﺎﻧب ھذه -
اﻟﺑراﯾز ﻓﻰ اﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺣﺗﺎج ﻟﺳوﻛﺗﺎت داﺗﺎ وﺑﻌد اﻻﻧﺗﮭﺎء ﻣن ﺗوزﯾﻊ ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت اﻟداﺗﺎ ﯾﺗم ازاﻟﺔ أو اﺧﻔﺎء ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت اﻟﺑراﯾز.
ﯾﺗم ﺗوزﯾﻊ ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت اﻟداﺗﺎ طﺑﻘﺎ ﻹﺣﺗﯾﺎج اﻟﻔرش ﻋﻧد ﻛل ﺟﮭﺎز ﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر أو ﻋﻧد ﻛل ﻣﻛﺗب أو ﻓﻰ أى ﻣﻛﺎن ﯾﺣﺗﻣل وﺟود ﺟﮭﺎز -
ﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر ﺑﮫ ﻣﺛﻼ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺧﺎزن ﻻ ﺑد ﻣن وﺟود ﻣﻛﺗب وﺟﮭﺎز ﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر ﺑﺟﺎﻧب اﻟﺑﺎب ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة ﻓﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﺳوﻛت ﺑﺟﺎﻧب اﻟﺑﺎب.
ﻛل ﺳوﻛت ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮫ ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة ﺑﻛﺎﺑل ﻣﻧﻔﺻل داﺧل ﻣﺎﺳورة ﻣﻧﻔﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﻰ أن ﺗﺻل اﻟﻰ ﻟوﺣﺔ اﻟـ )(IT-R -
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
54
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
ﯾﺗم ﺗوزﯾﻊ ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت اﻟﺗﻠﯾﻔوﻧﺎت طﺑﻘﺎ ﻹﺣﺗﯾﺎج اﻟﻔرش ﻋﻧد ﻛل ﺟﮭﺎز ﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر أو ﻋﻧد ﻛل ﻣﻛﺗب أو ﻓﻰ أى ﻣﻛﺎن ﯾﺣﺗﻣل وﺟود -
ﺟﮭﺎز ﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر ﺑﮫ ﻣﺛﻼ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺧﺎزن ﻻ ﺑد ﻣن وﺟود ﻣﻛﺗب وﺟﮭﺎز ﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر ﺑﺟﺎﻧب اﻟﺑﺎب ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة ﻓﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﺳوﻛت ﺑﺟﺎﻧب اﻟﺑﺎب
ﻛﻣﺎ ھو اﻟﺣﺎل ﻓﻰ ﺳوﻛﺗﺎت اﻟداﺗﺎ.
ﻓﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻣل اﻟﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر ﻣﺛﻼ ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﺳوﻛت ﺗﻠﯾﻔون واﺣد ﺑﺟﺎﻧب اﻟﺑﺎب ﻓﻘط. -
ﻓﻰ اﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ أو اﻟﻐرف اﻟﺻﻐﯾرة ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﺳوﻛت ﻋﻧد اﻟﻣدﺧل ﺳواء ﻟﮫ ﻣدﺧل أو ﻣدﺧﻠﯾن. -
ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻣرات ﯾﻣﻛن وﺿﻊ ﺳوﻛت ﺗﻠﯾﻔون ﻓﻰ ﺑداﯾﺔ وﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﻣر. -
ﻛل ﺳوﻛت ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮫ ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة ﺑﻛﺎﺑل ﻣﻧﻔﺻل داﺧل ﻣﺎﺳورة ﻣﻧﻔﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﻰ أن ﺗﺻل اﻟﻰ ﻟوﺣﺔ اﻟـ ) (T.Fوﯾﺗم ﺗرﻗﯾم ﻛل ﺳوﻛت أو -
ﻣﺧرج ).(1-TF , 2 TF, 3 TF , …..
ﻓﻰ اﻟﺷرﻛﺎت ﻣﺛﻼ أو اﻟﻣوﻻت أو اﻟﺟﺎﻣﻌﺎت أو اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺷﻔﯾﺎت ﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧدام RJ45ﻟﻛل ﻣن اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت واﻟﺗﻠﯾﻔون )(Data & Tel x
وﺗﺟﻣﯾﻌﮭﺎ ﺟﻣﯾﻌﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻟوﺣﺔ اﻟـ ).(IT-R
ﻣن اﻟﻣﻣﻛن أن ﻋﻧد اﻟﺗﻧﻔﯾذ أن ﺗﻛون ﻋﻠﺑﺔ واﺣدة ) (Boxﻟﻛل ﻣن اﻟداﺗﺎ واﻟﺗﻠﯾﻔون ودواﺋر اﻻﺿﺎءة أو اﻟﺑﺎور وﻟﻛن ﻟﻛل ﻧظﺎم x
ﻣﺎﺳورة ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﮫ ﻣﻧﻔﺻﻠﺔ ﻋن اﻻﺧر.
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
55
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
2. Heat Detector: Ceiling Mounted, Use for Garage, Kitchen and Generator Room
ھذﯾن اﻟﻧوﻋﯾن ﯾﻐطﯾﺎن ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ 76م ²أو ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﻧﺻف ﻗطرھﺎ ) (R = 4mﻟﺿﻣﺎن ﻋدم وﺟود ﻣﻧﺎطق ﻏﯾر ﻣﻐطﺎة. -
ﻓﻰ ﺑداﯾﺔ ﺗوزﯾﻊ اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻوﺗوﻛﺎد ﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎب ﻋدد No of Detector = Area of Room / Detector Area (76m) : -
ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﻰ وﺟود رﻗم ﻋﺷرى ﯾﺗم أﺧذ اﻟرﻗم اﻻﻋﻠﻰ. -
ﯾﺗم رﺳم داﺋرة ﻧﺻف ﻗطرھﺎ 4ﻣﺗر وﺗوزﯾﻌﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ ﺑﻧﺳﺧﮭﺎ ) (Copyﺣﺗﻰ ﺗﻐطﻰ ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ ﺑﺄﻛﻣﻠﮭﺎ. -
ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺎت اﻟﻐﯾر ﻣﻧﺗظﻣﺔ ﯾﻣﻛن زﯾﺎدة ﻋدد اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎت 1او 2ﻟﻛﻰ ﺗﻐطﻰ ﻛل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ اﻟداﺧﻠﯾﺔ. -
اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯾن اﻟﺣﺳﺎس واﻟﻛﺷﺎف ﯾﺟب أن ﺗﻛون ﻣن 0.5ﻣﺗر اﻟﻰ 1ﻣﺗر. -
ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟود ﺳﻘوط أو ﻛﻣر ﻓﻰ اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ ﻓﯾﻌﺗﺑر أن اﻟﻐرﻓﺔ ﻋﺑﺎرة ﻋن ﻏرﻓﺗﯾن ﻣﻧﻔﺻﻠﺗﯾن. -
ﻋﻧد ﺗوزﯾﻊ اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﯾﺟب ﻣراﻋﺎة اﻟﺷﻛل اﻟﺟﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﻣﻛﺎن. -
ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻣرات ﯾﺗم ﺗوزﯾﻊ اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﺗﻛون اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯾن ﻛل ﺣﺳﺎس واﻻﺧر ﻣن 6ﻣﺗر اﻟﻰ 8ﻣﺗر -
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
56
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
3. Beam Detector & Beam Reflector: Wall Mounted, for height > 5m use for Malls, Stores, Open
Places Which haven’t Ceiling.
ﯾﺗﻛون اﻟـ Beam Detectorﻣن ارﺳﺎل واﺳﺗﻘﺑﺎل ) (Transmitter and Receiverواﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯾﻧﮭم 100م
وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﺗﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎﺗﮭﺎ أﻛﺑر ﻣن 5ﻣﺗر ﻛﺎﻟﻣﺧﺎزن واﻟﻣوﻻت واﻟﺟﻣﺎﻟوﻧﺎت اﻟﻣرﺗﻔﻌﺔ واﻻﻣﺎﻛن
اﻟﺗﻰ ﻟﯾس ﻟﮭﺎ أﺳﻘف .واﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌرﺿﯾﺔ ﺑﯾن ﻛل ﺣﺳﺎس ) (Beamواﻻﺧر 8ﻣﺗر.
1. Bell:
ﯾﺻدر اﻧﺗذار ﺻوﺗﻰ ﻋﻧد اﻛﺗﺷﺎف ﺣدوث ﺣرﯾق ﻣن ﻧظﺎم اﻧذار اﻟﺣرﯾق
3. Speaker:
وﺗﺻدر رﯾﺎﻟﺔ اﺧﻼء ﻣن اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﻋﻧد اﻛﺗﺷﺎف ﺣدوث ﺣرﯾق ﻣن ﻧظﺎم اﻧذار اﻟﺣرﯾق
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
58
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺗﺣﻛم ﻓﻰ اﯾﻘﺎف ﺑﻌض اﻻﻧظﻣﺔ أو اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺎت أﺛﻧﺎء ﺣدوث ﺣرﯾق ﻣﺛل اﯾﻘﺎف اﻟﻣﺻﺎﻋد ﻣﺛﻼ وﻛذﻟك ﺗﺷﻐﯾل ﻣراوح ﺳﺣب اﻟﮭواء
ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻣراﻗﺑﺔ ﺑﻌض اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺎت ﻣﺛل ﻣراﻗﺑﺔ ﻣﺣﺑس ﺳرﯾﺎن اﻟﻣﯾﺎه ﻓﻰ ﻣواﺳﯾر ﻧظﺎم اطﻔﺎء اﻟﺣرﯾق
ﯾوﺿﻊ ﺧﻠف أﺑواب اﻟﮭروب ﺑﺣﯾث ﯾﻌﻣل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺛﺑﯾت اﻟﺑﺎب ﺑﻌد ﻓﺗﺣﮫ ﺣﺗﻰ ﻧﺿﻣن ﻋدم ﻏﻠق اﻟﺑﺎب ﻣرة أﺧرى ﻓﻰ وﺟوه اﻟﮭﺎرﺑﯾن ﻣن
اﻟﺣرﯾق ﺣﯾث أﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﺗﻛون ﻣن ﻗطﻌﺗﯾن ﻗطﻌﺔ ﺗوﺻل ﺑﺎﻟﺑﺎب واﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ ﺗوﺻل ﺧﻠف اﻟﺑﺎب وﻣرﺗﺑطﺔ ﺑﺷﺑﻛﺔ اﻧذار اﻟﺣرﯾق وﻋﻧد ﺣدوث ﺣرﯾق
ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﺑﺟﮭد ﯾﺟﻌﻠﮭﺎ ﺗﻌﻣل ﻛﻣﻐﻧﺎطﯾس ﯾﻣﺳك ﺑﺎﻟﺑﺎب ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﺻل اﻟﯾﮭﺎ
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
59
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
ﻛل Zoneﺗﻧﺗﮭﻰ ﺑـ (End of Line Resistor) EOLRﻟﻛﻰ ﺗﻼﺷﻰ اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﻰ )"Damping the voltage" (24VDC -
ﻟو ﻋﻣل أى ﺣﺳﺎس وأﻋطﻰ اﺷﺎرة ﻟوﺟود ﺣرﯾق ﺳوف ﺗﻌﻣل ﻛل اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﻓﻰ اﻟـ Zoneوﻟذﻟك ﻻ ﯾﻣﻛن ﺗﺣدﯾد ﻣﻛﺎن اﻟﺣرﯾق -
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
60
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﻟوﺣﺔ F.A.C.Pﻓﻰ ﻏرﻓﺔ اﻻﻣن ان وﺟدت أو ﻓﻰ أى ﻣﻛﺎن ﻣرﺋﻰ واﺿﺢ ﻟﺳﮭوﻟﺔ اﻛﺗﺷﺎف ﻣﻛﺎن اﻟﺣرﯾق. -
ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم Isolation Moduleﻟﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﻣن Short Circuitsﻟﻌزل اﻟﺣﺳﺎس اﻟﻣﻌطل ﻋن ﺑﺎﻗﻰ اﻟداﺋرة وﯾوﺿﻊ ﻛل -
20ﺣﺳﺎس.
ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم Control Moduleﻟﻌﻣل Zonesﻟدواﺋر اﻻﻧذار ﻓﻣﺛﻼ ﻋﻧد ﺣدوث ﺣرﯾق ﻓﻰ اﻟدور اﻟراﺑﻊ ﻣﺛﻼ ﯾﺿرب اﻻﻧذار ﻓﻰ -
اﻟدور اﻟراﺑﻊ ﻓﻘط دون اﻻدوار اﻻﺧرى.
ﺗوﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺎت اﻟطوارئ Exit Signﻛل 30ﻣﺗر ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﺎ ﻟﻠﺗﻌرف ﻋﻠﻰ طرﯾق اﻟﺧروج ﻣن اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ. -
ﯾﺗم ﻋﻣل ﺗداﺧل ) (Interfaceﺑﯾن ﻧظﺎم اﻧذار اﻟﺣرﯾق وﻧظﺎم اطﻔﺎء اﻟﺣرﯾق . -
x Fire Alarm Repeater:
وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻧظﺎم اﻟﻣﻌﻧون ﻋﻧد وﺟود ﻣﻛﺎن ﺑﻌﯾد ﻋن ﻟوﺣﺔ F.A.C.Pوﻧرﯾد اﻟﺗﺣﻛم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻧظوﻣﺔ ﻣن ھذا اﻟﻣﻛﺎن أو ﻣراﻗﺑﺗﮫ -
ﻓﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ Repeater Panelﻓﻰ ھذا اﻟﻣﻛﺎن ورﺑطﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻠوﺣﺔ وﻛذﻟك ﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ زﯾﺎدة ﻋدد اﻟـ Loopsوﺗﻛون
اﻟﻠوﺣﺔ ﻗد وﺻﻠت ﻟﻠﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻧﮭﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﻣن ﻋدد اﻟـ Loopsﺣﺳب اﻟﺷرﻛﺔ اﻟﻣﺻﻧﻌﺔ.
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
61
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
1. Loudspeakers:
وھﻰ ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ اﻻﺳﺗﺧدام ﻓﻰ اﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟداﺧﻠﯾﺔ ﺣﺗﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎع أﻗل ﻣن 5ﻣﺗر )ﻟﻠﺳﻣﺎﻋﺔ a) Ceiling Mounted (1.5 / 3 / 6 Watt
ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻛﺑﯾرة واﻟﻣرﺗﻔﻌﺔ وﺗوﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺣﺗﻰ 5ﻣﺗر )ﻟﻠﺳﻣﺎﻋﺔ b) Wall Mounted (1.5 / 3 / 6 Watt
-ﻛل ﺳﻣﺎﻋﺔ ﺗﻐطﻰ ﺣواﻟﻰ ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ) 67م (²او ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﻧﺻف ﻗطرھﺎ ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﺎ ) 5ﻣﺗر(
No. of Speakers (1.5 : 6 Watt) = Area of Rooms / Speaker Coverage Area = No. of F.A Sensors
-ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻣرات ﯾﺗم ﺗوزﯾﻊ اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﺗﻛون اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯾن ﻛل ﺣﺳﺎس واﻻﺧر ﻣن 6ﻣﺗر اﻟﻰ 8ﻣﺗر ﻛﻣﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎت F.A
-ﯾﺗم ﺗوزﯾﻊ اﻟﺳﻣﺎﻋﺎت ﺑﻧﻔس طرﯾﻘﺔ ﺗوزﯾﻊ ﺣﺳﺎﺳﺎت F.A Detectorsوﯾﻔﺿل أن ﯾﻛون ھذﯾن اﻟﻧظﺎﻣﯾن ﻓو ﻟوﺣﺔ أوﺗوﻛﺎد واﺣدة.
ﯾﺗم وﺿﻌﮫ ﻓﻰ ﻛل ﻏرﻓﺔ أو ﻗﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺟﺎﻧب اﻟﺑﺎب ﻟﻠﺗﺣﻛم ﻓﻰ ﻣﺳﺗوى اﻟﺻوت ﻓﯾﮭﺎ ﻓﯾﻣﺎ 2. Attenuator or Volume Control:
ﻋدا اﻟﻣﻣرات أو اﻻﻣﺎﻛن اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
62
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
4. Audio Matrix:
ﻣﻊ اﻟﺧرج وھﻰ ﻋدد اﻟﺧطوط أوCD/DVD وﯾﻌﻣل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟرﺑط ﺑﯾن ﻣﺻدر اﻟﺻوت )اﻟدﺧل( ﻣﺛل اﻟﻣﯾﻛروﻓون اﻟرادﯾو أو ﺟﮭﺎز -
. اﻟﺧﺎرﺟﺔ ﻣن اﻟراكZones اﻟـ
وﺗﻌﺗﻣد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋدد اﻟدﺧل وﻋدد اﻟﺧرج -
Inputs may be 1 , 2 , 4 , 8
Outputs may be 2 , 4 , 8 , 16 , 24 , 36 , 48 , 64
5. Sound Source:
- Microphones
- Radio Tuner FM/AM
- Cassette Player
- CD / DVD Player
- Signal From Fire Alarm System
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
63
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
64
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
b) Motorized Camera
.( وﻟﻛﻧﮭﺎ ﻣوﺿوﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻣل ﻣﺗﺣركFixed) وھﻰ ﻛﺎﻣﯾرات ﻣن اﻟﻧوع اﻟﺛﺎﺑت -
.Indoor / Outdoor ﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭﺎ -
.وھﻰ ﻛﺎﻣﯾرا ﯾوﺟد ﺑﮭﺎ ﻗرص ﺻﻠب ﻟﮫ اﻟﻘدرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺗﺧزﯾن ﻟﻣدة ﻋدد ﻣن اﻟﺳﺎﻋﺎت -
4. Day and Night Camera:
وھﻰ ﻛﺎﻣﯾرا ﺗﻌﻣل ﻓﻰ ﺳﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻧﮭﺎر ﻛﻣﺎ أﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﻌﻣل أﺛﻧﺎء اﻟﻠﯾل ﺣﺗﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟظﻼم اﻟداﻣس -
.ﯾﻘوم ﺑﺗﺳﺟﯾل اﻟﺻورة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗرص ﺻﻠب وﯾﻣﻛن رﺑطﮫ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺑﻛﺔ اﻻﻧﺗرﻧت ﺑﺣﯾث ﯾﻣﻛن اﻟﻌرض واﻟﺗﺧزﯾن ﻣن أى ﻣﻛﺎن -
¾ Monitor:
. أو أى ﻧوع اﺧرLCD Monitor ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻌرض اﻟﺻورة وھﻰ اﻣﺎ -
¾ Control Keypad:
.وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل اﻟﻛﺎﻣﯾرات وﻋرﺿﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺷﺎﺷﺔ وھﻰ اﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺣدد أى اﻟﻛﺎﻣﯾرات ﺗﻌﻣل وأﯾﮭﻣﺎ ﻻ ﯾﻌﻣل -
¾ Wiring System:
¾ ﺑﻌض اﻟﻣﻼﺣظﺎت
. ﻣﺗر7 ﯾﺗم اﻋﺗﺑﺎر أن اﻟﻛﺎﻣﯾرا اﻟواﺣدة ﺗﻐطﻰ ﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﻧﺻف ﻗطرھﺎ ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﺎ -
.UPS ﻻ ﺑد ﻣن ﺗوﺻﯾل ﻛﺎﻣﯾرات اﻟﻣراﻗﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟوﺣﺔ -
. ﻣﺗر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺣﺎﺋط أو ﻓﻰ اﻟﺳﻘف7 ( ﻛلFixed) ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻣرات ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ﻛﺎﻣﯾرا ﻣن اﻟﻧوع اﻟﺛﺎﺑﺗﺔ -
.(FA, ITR, CCTV, SS) 1000VA وﺗﻛون ﻗدرﺗﮭﺎDraw Out Box ﯾﺗم اﻋﺗﺑﺎر أن ﻛل ﻧظﺎم ﻣن اﻧظﻣﺔ اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﺧﻔﯾف ﻋﺑﺎرة ﻋن -
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
65
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
¾ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻻﻋﻣدة:
ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻌﻣود ﯾﺳﺎوى ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﺎ ) (1:0.7ﻣن ﻋرض اﻟﺷﺎرع ) (h = 0.7 : 1 hﺣﯾث أن hه ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻌﻣود و Wھو ﻋرض -
اﻟﺷﺎرع.
ﻓﻰ اﻻﺣﯾﺎء اﻟﺳﻛﻧﯾﺔ ﻻ ﯾﻔﺿل اﺳﺗﺧدام اﺳﺗﺧدام أﻋﻣدة ﺑﺎرﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ ﺟدا وذﻟك ﻟﻠﻣﻧظر اﻟﺟﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﺣﯾث أﻗﺻﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﺳﻣوح -
ﺑﮫ 12م
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
66
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻻﻋﻣدة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧب واﺣد ﻣن اﻟطرﯾق وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﻛون ﻋرض اﻟﺷﺎرع اﻗل ﻣن او ﯾﺳﺎوى ارﺗﻔﺎع -
اﻟﻌﺎﻣود w ≤ h
اﻻﻋﻣدة ﻣوﺿوﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺑﻰ اﻟطرﯾق ﺑﺷﻛل ﻣﺗﻘﺎﺑل وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﻛون ﻋرض اﻟﺷﺎرع اﻛﺑر ﻣرة وﻧﺻف ﻣن -
ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻌﺎﻣود w > 1.5h
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
67
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
اﻻﻋﻣدة ﻣوﺿوﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺑﻰ اﻟطرﯾق ﺑﺷﻛل زج زاج وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﻛون ﻋرض اﻟﺷﺎرع ﺑﯾن ﻣرة وﻣرة -
1.5 h > w > h وﻧﺻف ﻣن ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻌﺎﻣود
. ﻓﺎﻧوس2 ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ھذه اﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ ﻓﻰ وﺟود ﺟزﯾرة وﺳطﯾﺔ واﻻﻋﻣدة ﺗوﺿﻊ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺟزﯾرة اﻟوﺳطﯾﺔ واﻷﻋﻣدة ﺗﺣﺗوى ﻋﻠﻰ -
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
68
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
69
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
¾ EX: For high way street with 1Km length and 14m width
- From Lux table and high way road we found the required Lux (E) = 30 Lux.
- We select 400W high pressure sodium lamp Æ Total Lamp Flux = 56500 lm
From Philips catalogue (150W Æ Total Lamp Flux = 17500 lm)
From Philips catalogue (250W Æ Total Lamp Flux = 33200 lm)
From Philips catalogue (400W Æ Total Lamp Flux = 56500 lm)
- Mounting height (h) = W = 14m
- W/h=1
- From U.F curve Æ U.F = 0.34
Î D = (U.F * M.F * Lumen) / (E * W) = (0.34 * 0.6 * 56500) / (30 * 14) = 27.44 = 28m
Î No. of Poles = 1000 / 28 = 35.7 = 38 Poles
Î Actual Distance Between 2 Poles = 1000 / 38 = 26.3 m
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
70
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
71
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
72
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
73
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
74
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
75
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
76
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
77
Eng. Mohamed Alshoura
Contacts Æ Email: mohamed.alshoura2000@gmail.com , Facebook: Mohamed Alshoura
ﺗم ﺑﺣﻣد ﷲ
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Electrical Power Distribution Course
78