Time Era Temperature Characteristics of the Universe
infinitely small, infinitely dense 0 to 10-43 s Big Bang infinite Primeval fireball 1 force in nature - Supergravity Earliest known time that can be described by 10-43 s Planck Time 1032 K modern physics 2 forces in nature, gravity, GUT 3 forces in nature, gravity, strong nuclear, electroweak 10-35 s End of GUT 1027 K Quarks and leptons form (along with their anti-particles) Size of the Universe drastically increased, 10-35 to 10-33 s Inflation 1027 K by factor of 1030to 1040 4 forces in nature, 10-12 s End of unified forces 1015 K protons and neutrons start forming from quarks proton, neutron production 10-7 s Heavy Particle 1014 K in full swing -4 12 10 s Light particle 10 K electrons and positrons form 100 s (a few helium, deuterium, and a few other elements Nucleosynthesis era 109 - 107 K minutes) form Matter and radiation separate Recombination 380,000 years 3000 K End of radiation domination, start of matter (Decoupling) domination of the Universe 500 million galaxies and other large structures form in Galaxy formation 10 K yrs the universe 14 billion The expansion of the universe and recycling years Now 3K of star materials into new stars continues. or so