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Cosmology
- A branch of science that studies the origin and evolution and fate of the universe
Solar System
- Composed of the sun, the planets and their satellites, the comets, and the asteroids
Axis
- An imaginary line through the center of the earth around which the planet rotates
Rotation
Orbit
- A closed, curved path that an object follows as it moves around another object
- Earth moves in an orbit around the sun
Revolution
Satellite
1
- A cataclysmic expansion 13.7 billion years ago
- Both matter and space were created simultaneously
- The first subatomic particles were formed
- Subatomic particles are protons (+), neutrons (/), and electrons (-)
- As the universe cooled down, the simplest atoms were able to form
- Hydrogen and helium
- Timeline:
- Singularity explodes─ Rapid expansion─ High energy particle reactions─ Light
element nuclei form─ The first elements form─ Formation of the first galaxies
and stars─ Accelerated expansion of the universe─ formation of the solar system
- George Lemaitre
- A Belgian Priest
- Supported by Edwin Hubble*, Arno Penzias*, and Robert Wilson*
- “The universe started as an infinitely dense point
- 2mm wide
- A kin to a supercharged black hole
- The singularity exploded which created matter, energy, space, and time
- The universe developed in two major stages
- Radiation era (characterized by a dominance of radiation and happened
immediately after the explosion)
- Matter era (characterized by the presence and predominance of matter)
- On the next page is a table of all events that happened in the universe timeline of the Big
Bang theory.
2
Grand 10³⁶ Kelvin 10^-43 - Named after the 3
Unification seconds remaining unified
forces of nature
(Grand unified
theory)
- Ended when strong
nuclear force broke
away
Matter Era Atomic 3000 Kelvin 50 000 years - Universe cools down
enough for the
electrons to bind to
the nuclei
- This process is
called
recombination
- Leads to the
formation of
3
hydrogen
4
- 70% of the universe’s composition
- Seemingly invisible space force
- Accelerates the expansion of the universe
- Cosmological constant
- If it is constant then the universe will only continue to expand instead of
collapse in on itself therefore negating the big crunch theory
- If universe continues to expand the universe may possibly rip itself apart
(Big rip theory)
- Gets stronger with time
- Observed through measuring the distance between Quasars
- Quasars are really far away and very bright black holes
- Collapse
- Spinning
- Cools down
- Flattening
- Some of the gas escape the sphere thus flattening into a disk
- Condensation
- Fog forms around the core of the largest mass in the middle of the disk
5
- Accretion