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Technical Interview Questions

Interview questions asked frequently in Technical Plant Interviews.

Pharma Interview Questions

Interview questions asked frequently in Pharma Plant Interviews.

Safety Interview Questions

Interview questions asked frequently in Technical / Safety Interviews.

HR Interview Questions
Interview questions asked frequently in HR Interviews.

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Technical Interview questions

Questions Answer

1. What is definition of Heat transfer?

2. What is definition of Temperature?
Read here
3. What is Definition of Heat?
4. Which data predicted from Heat transfer and Thermodynamics?

5. Define chemical engineering

6. What is molecular sieve?
7. What are the various graphical methods for the calculation of number of plates in
distillation column?
8. What is normal tray spacing (Distance between two plates) in distillation column?
9. What are the different types of tray efficiencies?
10. What is relative volatility of fluids? How it impact distillation?
11. Distinguish between liquid-liquid extraction and leaching?
12. State operational problems in distillation column Read here
13. What is flooding?
14. What is weeping in distillation column?
15. What is Entrainment in distillation column?
16. What is Foaming in distillation column?
17. What is loading in distillation column?
18. What is pervaporation?
19. What is reverse osmosis?

20. What is normal tray spacing (Distance between two plates) in distillation column?
21. What are the various graphical methods for the calculation of number of plates in
distillation column?
22. What are the different types of tray efficiencies?
23. What is relative volatility of fluids? How it impact distillation?
24. Distinguish between liquid-liquid extraction and leaching?
25. State operational problems in distillation column
26. What is flooding?
27. What is weeping in distillation column?
Read here
28. What is Entrainment in distillation column?
29. What is Foaming in distillation column?
30. What is channeling in distillation column?
31. What is loading in distillation column?
32. What would be impact if we increase and decrease the size of packing in packed
column?
33. What should be the packing size in packed columns?
34. When to use absorption factor method to calculate no of plates?
35. What is the use of plate efficiency in distillation column?
36. What is effect of reflux ratio on the no. of plate required in distillation column?
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37. Why is Reflux done in distillation column? and Define Reflux Ratio for Increasing
product purity.
38. Define: Distillation, Simple distillation, Steam distillation, vacuum distillation,
Azeotropic distillation, Extractive distillation, Fractional distillation. Volatile liquid
39. What is the Relative Volatility? What is important of Relative Volatility?
40. What is difference between Distillation and Extraction?

41. Why steam enters top side of jacket in reactor?

42. Why the hot liquid in heat solutions
43. , reactor jacket should flow from bottom to top? Read here
44. What is the function of catalyst in chemical industry?
45. Difference between Reversible and Irreversible chemical reactions

46. What are types of Casing? Which casing is more efficient?

47. What are types of Impeller? What are their pros & cons?
Read here
48. What is stuffing box's work in Pump?
49. What is mechanical Seal's work in centrifugal pump?

What should valves status at pump start up?

Which parameters of to be observed after pump startup? Read here
How to lined up of seal cooling and how much seal cooling fluid flow and pressure decided?
What are classifications of pumps?
What are classifications of Positive displacement pumps? Read here
What are classifications of rotary & reciprocating pumps?
50. Which factors should be consider before storage tank design?
51. Which factors are considered for Identification of tank?
52. What is importance of dyke? Which parameters are considered before dyke build?
53. How much distance is required of tank from another tank? Which separation Read here
parameters are considered?
54. Which parameters are required for vent pipe?
55. How to calculate Maximum tank level filling?
56. Why centrifugal pumps are widely used in process industries than positive
displacement pumps?
57. When to use gear pumps?
58. When we need pumps in parallel and pumps in series?
59. 4. What is priming in centrifugal pumps? Read here
60. When do you use gear pump?
61. Comparing reciprocating & centrifugal pump
62. What is difference between Pump head & Discharge Pressure? How to convert
Discharge pressure into Head?
30. What is Solute, Solvent, & Solution?
31. What are saturated Unsaturated and Supersaturated solutions?
32. What is equivalent weight? Read here
33. What is difference between 1 Molarity solution & 1 Molality Solution?
34. Why Molarity is reduced with temperature increases?
What is definition of fluid? Read here
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Classifications of fluid
What are Newtonian fluids and Non Newtonian fluids?
Why density is depend on Temperature & Pressure?
What is classification of Non Newtonian fluid?
What is relation between mass density & mass density?
What is relation between Vapour Pressure & Temperature?
How vapour change with molecular forces?
Which are main parts of valves?
How valve bodies are classified?
Basic classifications of valves?
What is front seat seated and back seated seat? Read here
How many types of efforts available to operate valves?
Which valves have more pressure drop?
Which valves are used for throttling purpose?
What are the main parameters to be observed during its performance test of a Fan?
What is dynamic pressure?
Give the formula to calculate volumetric flow by using Dynamic pressure and area
What is the relationship between static pressure, dynamic pressure and total pressure?
List at least three different flow control methods adopted in a fan system?
Read here
Give the formula to evaluate the velocity by using dynamic pressure for air system?
What are the factors affecting fan performance?
What are the various instruments used for evaluation of air flow in fans?
Calculate the density of the air at the measurement temperature of 32°C
Definitions - Static pressure, Fan shaft power, Fan efficiency, Static Fan efficiency %.
Define Solvent, Solute, Solution.
What is buffer Solution?
When the volatility difference between two components is very less which types
distillation use? Why?
Define: - Electronegativity and Bond.
Define 𝝈 and 𝝅 bond
Define atomic no and atomic Weight.
Give full form of COD, BOD, TDS, PPM, CGMP & GMP. COD-Chemical Oxygen Demand
Define Fire Point and Flash Point. What is the importance of determination of Fire Point?
Read here
Define: - Isomer, Isotopes, Isobar.
Write 2 oxidizing agents and reducing
What is dry ice?
Define pH.
Define Normality, Molarity, Molality.
A solution is prepared by dissolving 10gm NaOH in water to make 250ml solution. What is
normality& molarity of solution?
Define Moles & Mole fraction.
State Boyle law, Charles law, Gay - Lussac law?
What is surging in compressors and how it can be prevented?
Distinguish between latent heat & sensible heat.
What is crystallization? Give Name of crystallizers.
Read here
Why Earthing is provided in Solvent line?
What is ISO & kaizen?
Write the name of strong acid and strong, Give examples of weak acid and weak base.
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Give Boiling Point of ….

Define Write the name of one equipment use for measuring humidity.
Differentiate compressors, fans and blowers?
What is dew point and why it is important in instrument air?
What is pervaporation?
What is reverse osmosis?
What are the different types of centrifugal pump?
What is the basic difference between single stage and multi-stage centrifugal
pump?
How many types of centrifugal pump are available based on the suction and discharge
arrangement?
What is Pump efficiency?
What is specific speed, and what is its effect on the pump curve?
What are individual efficiencies that affect operation?
Read here
How do you preserve efficiency?
How does curve shape affect efficiency?
When is efficiency important?
Please discuss how pumping water differs from pumping 40% Propylene Glycol. Does the
impeller have to change trim to produce the same flow and head with a more viscous
solution?
How Does Pump Suction Limit the Flow?
Is it true that if centrifugal pump runs in reverse, it will generate zero head?
What is dew point and why it is important in instrument air?
What are the color codes for cylinders of Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, and Chlorine?
Please give a comparison between orifice meter and venturi meter
Definitions: Partial pressure, Vapour pressure, Diffusivity
Difference : H2SO4 vs HNO3
Read here
Which gas was leak in Bhopal? Chemical structure of gas.
Difference between batch process & continuous process
What is the difference between evaporation and boiling?
What is the difference between vapor and gas?
What is wax? What is salt? What is osmosis process?
When Air Sensitive Vacuum Distillation used?
Read here
Why perkin triangle distillation apparatus used?
What is shear stress and shear strain?
What is corrosion inhibitor?
What is difference between mild steel and stainless steel?
Define Exothermic & Endothermic reaction.
How hard water can be softened?
Read here
What is cloud point & pure point?
Define elementary reaction & non-elementary reaction.
Define leaf filter and plate filter.
Name any four type of pipe fitting & its application.
What is the function of Manometer?
What are inert gases? Why they are inert? Give the names of 4 inert gases.
Define : Corrosion and erosion
Read here
Define : Saponification
Give difference between aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons.
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Write difference between Forward feed and Backward feed evaporation.

Write difference between single effect and multiple effect evaporator.
Name any four dryers along with one application in each
Difference between drying and evaporation.
Write driving force in Mass transfer operation, Heat transfer operation, Momentum
transfer operation.
Define Enthalpy.
Define effectiveness of heat exchangers
What do you mean by heat duty of a heat exchanger?
Which are two parameters which are measured on site for heat exchanger to evaluate the
performance?
What is meaning by capacity ratio in heat exchanger?
Find the overall heat transfer co efficient for a shell and tube counter flow heat
exchanger.
Give the equation to calculate overall heat transfer co efficient?
Read here
What is LMTD ? Why we use LMTD to calculate overall heat transfer co efficient in shell &
tube heat exchanger than arithmetic average?
Give the equation to calculate LMTD for a counter flow heat exchanger
Give the equation to calculate LMTD for a Parallel flow heat exchanger.
Write the equation to calculate heat duty for a heat exchanger.
What do you mean by overall heat transfer coefficient?
Which factors affecting heat transfer between fluids?
What is basis of choosing Shell side & Tube side fluid heat exchanger?
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Pharma Interview Questions

Questions Answers

1. What is the definition of SOP? What are contents required for SOP? Information
should master document carry on every page not just one of the pages to meet GMP? SOPs
required for equipment? List SOPs required in QA department
2. What is the Batch production and control record (BPCR) & Master Production & control
record (MPCR)?
3. What is the difference between intermediate and drug substance (API)? What is the
difference between drug substance and drug product?
Read Here
4. What is the difference between GMP & cGMP?
5. What is the clean room? What are the classifications of clean rooms?
6. What is the difference between Qualification and Validation? What is the definition of
Validation & Qualification? What are the types of validation?
7. What do you mean by validation protocol and its contents of process validation?
8. What is the definition of the procedure?
9. What is the master document?
10. What is documentation?

11. What is the Technology Transfer?

12. What are the names of different countries of GMP guidelines for manufacturing of API?
13. What is preventive maintenance?
14. What do you mean by “Quality Assurance”?
15. What are the types of different training programs?
Read Here
16. What is cGMP?
17. What are the requirements for the equipment used in the manufacturing of process of API?
18. How are cGMP implemented?
19. What is solvent? What are the classifications of residual solvents?
20. What is the difference between Responsibility and Accountability?

21. Write the names of the different countries regulatory body (Like for India, USA, UK, Australia,
South Africa, Brazil, Hungary, Germany, Philippines etc.)
22. What is the abbreviation of MSDS and how many contents are mentioned & what are those?
23. What is the static electricity?
24. What is the different types of Qualifications and write its flow?
25. What is audit/inspection and Why quality audit? Write different types of audits/inspection? Read Here
26. Why nitrogen gas used in the manufacturing area at room temperature and why not other
gas?
27. What are the different types of cleanings?
28. What is blending?
29. What is expiry date & re-test date?
30. What is difference between reprocess & rework?
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31. What are deviation & its types?

32. What are change control and its types?
33. Definitions
Batch number,
Batch contamination
Cross-contamination
Quarantine
Critical process parameters
Mother liquor,
OOSTheoretical yield
Expected yield
CAPA
Read Here
Installation Qualification (IQ)
Operating Qualification (OQ)
Performance Qualification (PQ)
34. What is the ICH? Write its aim/purpose and names of the different parties & different
regions?
35. Difference between validation & testing?

36. Why water is used extensively as a coolant in heat exchange equipment’s?

37. What are the different characteristics of the fluid are to be considered while deciding its
route in a heat exchanges?
38. When steam distillation recommended?
39. What is the difference between instrument & equipment?
40. What is HVAC?

41. What is the meaning of Q, S, E, and M in the ICH?

42. How many guidelines are present in Q & what are those, describe in detail?
43. How many types of raw material and packing material?
44. Define the Key raw material/ starting material & primary packing material?
45. What is cleaning validation?
46. What are the sampling techniques used in the cleaning validation? Read here
47. What parameters considered during performance qualification of HVAC?
48. What are the contents in the BPCR?
49. What is OOT and define?
50. How will you prevent cross-contamination between two different products manufactured in
the one production block?

51. What is limit of Temperature and relative humidity in the pharma area?
52. What is the difference between dedicated and non-dedicated equipment’s?
53. Why three batches consider for the validation?
Read Here
54. If one batch is failed during the validation, then what will you do for completion of
validation?
55. What are specifications of Purified water as per any pharmacopoeia?
56. Write the different storage conditions as per any guidelines (specify the name of guideline)?
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57. What is ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 18001, and ISO 22001?
58. What is HACCP, OHSAS?
59. Why one liter of water is equivalent to one kilogram of water at room temperature?
60. What is calibration?

61. What is the maximum time allowed after cleaning with water as last rinse?
62. What is the efficiency of the High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter?
63. What is the micron size of HEPA filter?
64. Do you have any idea about schematic diagram of HVAC system?
65. If two different products are manufacturing in two modules of one production block, then
will you accept the common air handling unit for both pharma area? Write “Yes” or “No” with
reason?
66. Why blending validation is required? What quality parameters of product are considered for Read here
validation and what parameters of equipment are to be considered during validation?
67. What is the formula for calculation of “Air changes per hour” during HVAC validation?
68. During the performance qualification in the vacuum tray dryer, how many temperature
probes used?
69. What is the formula for the calculation of “MACO” while cleaning between one API to
another API?
70. What is the limit for “Individual unknown Impurity” in API as per ICH Q2A?
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Safety Interview questions

Questions Answer

What is Job safety analysis?

How JSA filled[Procedure]? Read here
How JSA reduce Risk of Job?

1. Self contained breathing apparatus parts

2. Types of SCBA
3.Self contained breathing apparatus details
4.Uses of Self- Contained Breathing Apparatus Read here
5.Self contained breathing apparatus specifications
6.Cylinder carrying Practice
7.Read points of breathing apparatus
Which are major work permit categories?
Read points of Hot work, Confined space entry? Read here
When work permit exhausted and new work permit is required?
What is CAS No, UN No, ADR No, Hazchem [EAC] No, Hazardous waste ID No ?
What is LEL / UEL, TDG Flammability?
Read here
What is TLV, STEL / SET, LC50 / LD50, Odour threshold NFPA Symbol?
Which are routes of entry of chemical to enter in human body?
What is electrical shock? [ overview]
Factors governing electrical hazards
Read here
Factors leading to electrical shock
How to avoid electrical accidents?
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Utility Interview Questions

Questions Answers
1. Introduction
2. Selectivity of Resin
3. Types of Resins
Read here
4. Ion exchange terms
5. Resin problems and troubleshoot
6. Impact of various Chemicals
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Instrumentation Interview Questions

Questions Answers
DCS [Distributed Control system] is available here a days then why PLC is still used in
Industries?
What is component of DCS / PLC? Read here
What is working flowchart of DCS / PLC?
Symbols of Flow chart.
PID Control mode
P Control mode Drawbacks and calculations
I Control mode Drawbacks and calculations
D Control mode Drawbacks and calculations
Read here
How to tuning P [Gain], I [Reset] D[Rate] controls?
Video - PID Controller in hindi
PI Control mode
PD Control mode
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Electrical Interview questions

Questions Answer
Motors convert electrical energy in mechanical rotation.
Motor is creating magnetic field between rotor & stator wire winding which result in rotation
Basic components of motor
1. Stator - Body side winding
2. Rotor - Stem side winding
3. Bearing Read here
4. Frame [ enclosure - In which motor is fitted ]
Motor types -
1. Induction motor
2. Direct current
3. synchronous motor
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HR Interview questions
Questions Answer
1. Tell me something about yourself.

2. As a team leader the team is not working according to your command. What
should you do?

3. If you are work under pressure what you do?

4. Your salary is less than your colleague? What should you do?

5. In a meeting you give suggestion to your boss but your boss rejected your
suggestion? Read here

6. You are given a work which is not listed in a duty What would you do?

7. Why Should we hire you?

8. What do you khere about Our company?

9. What do you khere about Our company?

10. What is your career goals?

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Career Blog

Questions Answer
How to find job as fresher? Read here
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Industrial Policies Blog

Questions Answer
What is full name of ISO, OHSAS?
What are concerns of ISO 9001, ISO 14001? Read here
What are concerns of OHSAS?