TK2101 NME – 13-09-2021 – Neraca Massa Sistem Pemroses Tanpa Reaksi

T04: Mass Balance in Non Reacting System (Introduction tu Multi Unit)

A. Sugar Factory Activity (6 min)

1. Watch the video of the sugar factory manufacturing process at PT Gendis Multi Manis to get an illustration of
the production process at the sugar factory:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kuz7yAdRxNY&t=226s

and consider the following sugar factory process flow diagram:

a. Draw a simple Block Flow Diagram (BFD) of a sugar factory based on the video narration and process
flow diagram above.
b. Write a brief description of the sugar factory process using good and correct grammar. Maximum process
description writing: .¼ A4 page.

B. Multi Unit Mass Balance : Evaporation Unit and Crystalization Unit

This case study of the evaporation and crystallization unit of a sugar factory is used to practice solving mass
balance problems involving:
1. Multi-unit system
2. Equilibrium solid-liquid phase (solubility)
3. Incomplete separation of solids and liquids

A processing unit is used to extract sugar from the sap (Nira) (sugar solution extracted from sugar cane). Sap with
a sugar content of 8% (the remaining water) is concentrated in an evaporator which is operated at a temperature
of 100°C. The solution leaving the evaporator reaches a saturated solution condition at 100°C. This solution was
then cooled in a crystallizer operated at 40°C. Then the crystal suspension in 40°C saturated solution was

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TK2101 NME – 13-09-2021 – Neraca Massa Sistem Pemroses Tanpa Reaksi

separated by centrifugation. The outflow of centrifugation is a saturated solution at 40°C and sugar crystals
attached to the saturated solution. The amount of saturated solution attached to each kg of crystal is 0.1 kg.
Sugar solubility data in g/100 g water units: 487.2 (at 100°C) and 238.1 (at 40°C).

Use notation :
1) component: a = sugar and b = water,
2) operating unit : I = evaporator, II = crystallization, and III = centrifugation
3) stream names with numbers : 1,2, and etc

1. Draw a flow diagram of the evaporation, crystallization, and crystall separation unit in this process.
2. Analyze degree of freedom and specify the prblem solving strategies.
3. Calculate the crystals formed in the crystallization unit.
4. Determine the amount of wet sugar crystals out of the centrifugation unit.
5. Calculate the yield of sugar (the ratio of sugar obtained as a product to sugar entering the processing system).
6. Write the qualitative description of what efforts can be done to improve sugar recovery.

C. Answer the following questions on an A4 sized working paper and scan it into one pdf file. Name the
file NME_T04_13020xyz.pdf and upload it to the answer collection system (14 September 2021, before
15:00).

D. You can ask questions about this T04 problem on the following Sli.do; https://s.id/tanyaNME-T04

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