A PROJECT REPORT

ON
“IN-PLANT TRAINING(SUMMER TRAINING)”
IN
HINDUSTAN FARMDIRECT PVT.LTD

Submitted By-
LALIT SHARMA
(H-2020-19-ABM)
Department Of Business Management
College Of Horticulture

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The summer training is of immense academic record and value for the student of any
professional course and for the MBA student who have to be in the industry with the
theoretical knowledge; this practical experience gives an extra confidence in his performance. I
would like to thank Mr. Puneet Moudgill,Managing Director of HindustanFarmDirect
Ingredients Pvt.Ltd. that gave me the honor to complete my summer training in his company.

I would like to thank all the Managers, employees and associates of HindustanFarmDirect
Ingredients Pvt.Ltd. who really helped me in understanding all functions and activities of the
company.

I would also like to thank Dr KK Raina Head of Department (Department of Business

Management) of Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry for encouraging us to
take training at this organization.

Finally I would like to thank our professors, parents and friends for their kind cooperation and
encouragement which helped us in completion of this training and report.

LALIT SHARMA

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 DECLARATION
I, Lalit sharma, M.B.A Agribusiness II SEMESTER student of Dr. Y.S Parmar University of
Horticulture and forestry hereby declare that the project report under the Project title “In-Plant
Training (Summer Training)” is my own work and I have done this project under the
supervisions of Mr.Karan Kumar.

I also declare that the content of this project is purely a part of this comprehensive project work
and the content has not been submitted to any other institution for the award of any degree
diploma or fellowship.

Further, I assign the right to the university to use the information and contents of this project
report to develop cases, case leads and papers for publications or use in teaching.

LALIT SHARMA

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 PREFACE
The concept of training has recently become a strategic option in the development of human
resources. Consequently, the strategies of development which aim at improving, modernizing
and simplifying work methods have been greatly required as a pressing need in all
organizations. The modern concept of training provides that training should convey the basic
theoretical and practical skills in a way that copes with the latest challenges represented in the
ever changing work requirements, the efforts of training should be fundamentally channeled
towards the construction and innovation of more efficient methods in planning and following
up human resources to achieve the aspired objectives of development more effectively, thus
leading to improved performance at work on a continued basis.

The training at HindustanFarmDirect Ingredients Pvt.Ltd. involved the production of hesperidin

from citrus. This training helped me to get the deeper and practical understanding of company
work culture and how various functions are performed in the companies. Main objective in
undertaking this training is to supplement academic knowledge with absolute practical
exposure to day to day functions of the company. The training involved getting exposure to
working of various departments at HindustanFarmDirect Ingredients pvt ltd .

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Page no Content

1-5 Acknowledgement,Decleration,Preface,Certificate

6-10 Introduction,company
profil,Objective,Mission,Awards&Achievments,org.structure,Products

11-15 Applications of products,Key operational processes,

16-20 Various instruments in labs

21-25 Functions of HR dept.,Recruitmant plan,Induction

26-30 Procurement Department,Accounts department,Plantation wing,SWOT

analysis

31-37 Major Activities under training,Suggestions,References

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Hindustan FarmDirect Ingredients
Pvt.ltd
COMPANY PROFILE- Hindustan FarmDirect Ingredients Pvt. Ltd is a 100% Export Oriented
Organization. HFD believe in sustainability and diversification are indispensable to boost your
business. At HFD extraction of hespridin is done for export purpose and this chemical
compound is used in cosmetics and healthcare sectors.

HFD believe that a business will only be on growth trajectory, if a community is on the scale
too.

HFD is working as a team consisting of Researchers, Manufactures, and suppliers, from more
than 3 years. HFD’s primary focus is integration of Lucrative ingredients for healthcare industry
with High –standards and quality oriented Research.

FOUNDATION YEAR- The HFD is founded in the year of 2018.

Objective- HFD primary focus is Integration of lucrative ingredient for Healthcare industry with
High-Standards, and quality Oriented Research.

MISSION-The mission of HindustanFarmDirect is to serve by delivering pioneered products of

highest quality standards and outstanding values by continuously improving\innovating and
through our disciplined processes.

VISION- The vision of HindustanFarmDirect Ingredients is to be recognized as an organization of

the 21st century, which profoundly believed and constantly worked to create new segments in
the business world.

VALUES-

• Consumer experience is at the core of HFD values.

• HFD stay committed to partners, suppliers and others those who uphold same level of
values and commitment.
• HFD has high level of integrity at every operate level.

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 • HFD’s biggest business driving lever is-“putting community first”. It helps building
sustainable culture.

WORKING MODEL- Hindustan FarmDirect Pvt.Ltd is in business of collection of

aborted\immature oranges in INDIA in the state of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and
Rajasthan.

Aborted oranges are the immature fruit dropped from the waste orange trees after 30-60 days
after anthesis. After collection the oranges came to factory for the extraction of hesperidin.

DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES-At HFD, currently the extraction of hesperidin from citrus is taken
place but in the upcoming times it also extracts flavonoids from Ginger, Turmeric, and Sea
buckthorn.

AWARDS AND ACHIEVMENTS-

HFD has many awards such as in 2020 HFD got a award for unique and best Start up in HP from
industry minister.

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ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE-AT HFD the organizational structure is FUNCTIONAL which
means here major functions of firms divides into different groups for example: Accounts
department, marketing department, production department.

Director

MD

Agricultural Accounts Procurement Marketing

Project Head HR Manager
executive Head Head Head

Project Assistant Assistance Procurement

Senior HR
Manager executive Accounts Assistant

Assistant
HR

Products- Hesperidin, Hesperitin.

Product Name: Hesperidin
Purity: up to 95%
CAS Number: 520-26-3
Test Method: HPLC
Appearance: Off-white to pale yellow fine powder

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 Botanical Source:Citrus aurantium L.

Product Description:
Hesperidin is a flavonoid found in the rind of citrus fruits (such as oranges, lemons). The peel
and membranous parts of these fruits have the highest hesperidin content, especially in
immature little citrus fruits. Hesperidin is responsible for color and taste of citrus fruits.

Hesperidin, a flavanone glycoside (glucoside) composed of flavanone (a class of flavonoids)

hesperitin and a disaccharide rutinose. Flavonoids are polyphenolic in nature and are known for
antioxidant action.

Hesperidin in combination with a flavone glycoside called Diosmin is used for the treatment of
venous insufficiency and hemorrhoids.

Functions and Benefits of Hesperidin Powder

1. Hesperidin possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, vasoprotective,

anticarcinogenic and cholesterol lowering actions.
2. Hesperidin has the capability of inhibition of following enzymes: Phospholipase A2, lipoxygenase,
HMG-CoA reductase and cyclo-oxygenase.
3. It can also improvethe health of capillaries by reducing the capillary permeability.
4. Hesperidin powder is used to reduce hay fever and other allergic conditions by inhibiting the
release of histamine from mast cells. The possible anti-cancer activity of hesperidin could be
explained by the inhibition of polyamine synthesis.

Product Name: Hesperetin

Synonym: 4′-methoxy-3 ‘, 5,7-trihydroxyflavanone

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 CAS Number: 520-33-2
Test Method: HPLC
Appearance: White powder
Botanical Source: Citrus aurantium L.
Product Description:
Hesperetin belongs to the flavanone class of flavonoids. Hesperetin, in the form of its glycoside
[hesperidin], is the predominant flavonoid in lemons and oranges.

It is mainly coming from the enzymolysis of hesperidin with the functions of invigorating the
stomach, eliminating phlegm, preventing cough, expelling rheumatism, treating diuresis, anti-
virus, anti-microbial, treating non-return and relieving stomachache, widely used in the food,
pharmaceutical and healthcare product industry etc.

APPLICATIONS

-Food and Flavors

1. It can enhance the sweet taste of sweet-tasting substancesand reduce the amount of sucrose
used.
2. It can improve the unpleasant taste of food and increase the degree of delicious.
3. It can enhance the sweet olfactory impression of sweeteners.

-Nutraceuticals
1. It has remarkable function of anti-inflammation and antioxidant.
2. It has significant regulation and inhibition function of cardiovascular protection and reducing
blood lipid.
3. It can reduce toxicity damage of nervous excitability and play a role in protecting the nervous
system.

-Cosmetics
1. Protect skin from environmental damages and prevent tanning and sunburn.
2. Improve microcirculation, and eliminate the related symptoms of microcirculation (such as
dark circles).
3. Prevent skin aging symptoms, improve skin dull and make skin become smooth and flexible.
4. Control the formation of sebum, and prevent skin acnes.
5. Hesperetin can be esterified with lauricacid to obtain Hesperetin laurate which is widely used
in cosmetics.

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KEY OPERIONAL PROCESSES AND VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS-

• Production department
• Quality Department (R&D, QC & QA lab)
• HR department
• Procurement department
• Accounts department
• Plantation wing

Functions of these department

PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
In HFD there is large production unit area in which many machines are equipped with latest
technology to work efficiently. The production is one of the important sections of HFD where
the process of extracting Hesperidin from raw droppings of citrus takes place.

To proper functioning of production unit it is further equipped with many other parts like:
Utility, Solvent storage area, air cooled water chiller and water cooled chiller, feed tank area,
furnace area, chemical storage tank area( HCL acid tank and NaOH tank).

DIFFERENT SECTIONS IN PRODUCTION UNIT

At HFD there are different sections in production unit to extract Hespiridin from raw dried
citrus.Below down the general overview of production unit.

CRUSHING

CONVEYING

SECTION

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 EXTRACTION
SECTION

FILTRATION

SECTION

CRYSTALLISATION

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 DRYING SECTION

PACKAGING

CRUSHING CONVEYING SECTION

This is the first section of the production unit and In this section raw dried citrus dropping is put
in a cylindrical vessel machine then when the machine is turned on the citrus is crushed to fine
powdered particles so that it is easy to extract the hesperidin from it.

Some of the citrus which are not properly dried is not properly crushed so these are expel
out.After crushing the fine powder is conveyed to extraction section.

EXTRACTION SECTION
Extraction means the act of taking something out. So In this section hesperidin is extracted
from the powder of raw citrus fruits. Methanol is used as a solvent to extract the hesperidin
from citrus. Many equipments from utility section like hot steam, solvent, air compressor are
used to extract Hesperidin.

FILTRATION

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filtration is a process in which solid big size particles in a liquid are removed by use of filter
medium that permits the fluid to pass through but retains the solid big size particles. In this
section the slurry type mixture is passed down to next process and the left remain is thrown
out.

CRYSTALLIZATION
crystallization can be defined as the process through which the molecules of a substance
arrange themselves in a well-defined structure.

In crystallization hot water from boilers are added into crystallization tank. Finely crushed citrus
is already inside tank and these two are mixed inside tank. Then the solute molecules started
settling down the vessel and at that time cool fluid from chiller gets entered into tank.

When the solution cools, crystals of solute start accumulating on the surface of the solution.
The size of the crystals formed during this process depends on the cooling rate. Many small
crystals are formed if the solution is cooled at a fast rate and large crystals are formed at slow
cooling rate.

RECOVERY
In recovery the solvent is recovered back from the mixture with the help of hot water in boiler
so that it is used again next time.

PACKAGING
This is the last section in HFD and this is also one of the most important sectons because if
product is not properly packed then it may contaminated and the quality of the product is
affected. In the end the Hesparidin is packed in a plastic container and it is exported to its
destination place.

There are special packing team at HFD which carried out the packing and courier related
operations in HFD.

QUALITY DEPARTMENT VISIT (R&D+QC+QA)

There are three main works which are conducted at HFD’s quality department. First one is
Research and Development (R&D) second is Quality control(QC) and last one is Quality
ASSURANCE(QA).To perform these work there are two different labs which are side by side to
each other. The first lab. is WET LAB. and second one is INSTRUMENT Lab.

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WET LAB- A wet lab is also known as experimental lab. It is a type of laboratory where
chemicals and other types biological matter can be analyzed and tested by using various liquids,
so the room has to be carefully designed, constructed, and controlled to avoid spillage and
contamination.
FEATURES OF WET LABs. AT HFD-
(1) Liquid Analysis & Experimentation.

(2) Controlled Environment

(3) Perform activities related to organic chemistry, and physical chemistry.

VARIOUS INSTRUMENTS IN LAB.-

(1) pH METER

(2)ROTAVAPOR

(3)WEIGHING BALANCE

(4)HOT AIR OVEN

(5)FUME HOOD

(6)ULTRASONIC BATH

pH METER-It is a electronic device which measures hydrogen activity(acidity or

alkalinity) in solution

.
(pH METER)

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ROTAVAPOR-It is a device used in labs for gentle removal of solvents from sample by
evaporation.

(Rotary Evaporator)

WEIGHING BALANCE-A weighing balance is an instrument used for weigh the weight of
sample.

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(WEIGHING BALANCE)

HOT AIR OVEN-It is an electrical device which is use dry heat to sterilize. There
are two Hot air ovens in the lab which are used to sterilize the vessels in the lab.

(HOT AIROVEN)

ULTRASONIC CLEANER- In this high frequency ultrasound waves transmitted through a

liquid to clean thoroughly.

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(ultra sonic cleaner)

INSTRUMENTAL LAB
A instrumental lab. is type of lab where different instruments are kept for observation,
measurement and control the quality of product.

FEATURES OF INSTRUMENTAL LAB AT HFD-

(1) Upgraded technical instruments

(2) Modular and hierarchical designed lab

(3) Multi-Platforms

VARIOUS INSTRUMENTS IN LAB.-

(1)HPLC

(2) FTIR

(3)UV-VIS Spectrophotometer

(4)GC.

HPLC-It is called High-performance liquid chromatography. This instrument identifies,

separate, and quantifies each component in a mixture.

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(HPLC)

UV-vis spectrophotometer-It is a device which is normally used to check the optical

density o f desired samples.

(UV-vis spectrophotometer)

FTIR-It is called Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer. FTIR reveal the composition
of solid, liquid and gas in the mixture.

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(FTIR)

THERE IS A SUB-SECTION OF INSTRUMENTAL LAB IN HFD WHICH IS KNOWN AS GC ROOM (GAS

CHROMATOGRAPHY ROOM).

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY- It is a process of separating compounds in a mixture by

injecting a gaseous or liquid sample in mixture.

(GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY)

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 HR DEPARTMENT
Functions of a HR

• Manpower planning
• Recruitment plan
• Induction
• Training and development

Manpower Planning:
Manpower Planning which is also called as Human Resource Planning consists of putting right
number of people, right kind of people at the right place, right time, doing the right things for
which they are suited for the achievement of goals of the organization. Human Resource
Planning has got an important place in the arena of industrialization. Human Resource Planning
has to be a systems approach and is carried out in a set procedure. The procedure is as follows:

1. Analysing the current manpower inventory

2. Making future manpower forecasts
3. Developing employment programmes
4. Design training programmes

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 Recruitment Plan
Recruitment Goals:- A recruitment plan should be based on business goals. What skills
are required to accomplish this objective? From there, HR dept should establish
specific recruitment goals. One goal will be attracting the best people to work in the
organization. The best people will make a direct difference to organization bottom line,
helping to raise service and quality level. Example: Attracting a higher standard of
candidate. Attracting a candidate who has skills you currently do not have in your
organization. Promoting your company as a dynamic place where people want to work

1. Step 1: Identify Vacancy and Evaluate Need.

2. Step 2: Develop Position Description:
3. Step 3: Develop Recruitment Plan
4. Posting Period
5. Placement Goals
6. Additional Advertising Resources (Internet Portals, Social Media, Print Advt, Campus
Hiring, etc)

INDUCTION
At the day of Joining, the HR dept should conduct the orientation training for the new joiners.
The induction should be simple to understand but must be complete to create satisfaction in
the minds of the new employee. The most aspect of the first day is making for the new joiners.
There is nothing more disappointing than sitting for hours waiting for someone to come and
show you what to do, or give the information you need.

This induction should cover three specified areas:

-Corporate culture
-Policies and procedures
-Safety, benefits, rights and responsibilities.

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 Training & Development

Training & Development is any attempt to improve current or future employee performance by
increasing an employee’s ability to perform through learning, usually by changing the
employee’s attitude or increasing his or her skills and knowledge.

Training: Training refers to the process of imparting specific skills. An employee undergoing
training is presumed to have had some formal education. No training program is complete
without an element of education. Hence we can say that Training is offered to operatives.

Development: Development means those learning opportunities designed to help employees

to grow. Development is not primarily skills oriented. Instead it provides the general knowledge
and attitudes, which will be helpful to employers in higher positions.

Objectives of (MDP) Management Development Programs OR Advantages of Development

Making them, self-starters, committed, motivated, result oriented, creating self awareness,
develop inspiring leadership styles, instill zest for excellence and teach them about effective
communication.

Importance of Training & Development

• Helps remove performance deficiencies in employees

• Greater stability, flexibility and capacity for growth in an organization
• Accidents, scraps and damages to machinery can be avoided
• Serves as effective source of recruitment
• It is an investment in HR with a promise of better returns in future
• Reduces dissatisfaction, absenteeism, complaints and turnover of employees.

Performance appraisal:

Meaning of Performance Appraisals

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Performance Appraisals is the assessment of individual’s performance in a systematic way. It is
a developmental tool used for all round development of the employee and the organization.
The performance is measured against such factors as job knowledge, quality and quantity of
output, initiative, leadership abilities, supervision, dependability, co-operation, judgment,
versatility and health. Assessment should be confined to past as well as potential performance
also.

Use of Performance Appraisals

1. Promotions

2. Confirmations

3. Training and Development

4. Compensation reviews

5. Competency building

6. Evaluation of HR Programs

7. Feedback & Grievances

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 PROCUREMENT DEPARTMENT

The word procurement is used to refer to buying for a business. So in HFD the raw material and
all the buying and selling for running the business comes under procurement department of
HFD.

FUNCTIONS OF PROCUREMENT DEPARTMENT AT HFD

• Buying of raw material like aborted citrus for hesperidin extraction.

• Buying of solvent (HCL & NaOH) for the extraction process.
• Receiving and sending couriers of company.
• Providing office necessities.

ACCOUNTS DEPARTMANT
No organization can operate profitability without an accounting team. It is the lifeblood and
center of a company. At HFD there are a dedicated department of accounts which handles
various major roles of company like-

• Account payable and Receivable

• Payroll and Monitoring and monitoring Employee Time Offs
• Inventory cost management
• Cash Collections and Systematic Record Keeping
• Budgeting
• Reporting and Financial Statements
• Legal compliance and Financial control

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 PLANTATION WING
In the plantation wing many citrus plants nursery is prepared for the distribution to many
farmers. In plantation wing the plants are prepared by budding method and after it plants are
distributed to farmers.

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 SWOT ANALYSIS

• EMPLOYEE FRIENDLY • LIMITED ONLINE

WORK CULTURE ADVT.
• HIGH VALUE • LIMITED
PRODUCT MARKETING TEAM
• LOW COMPETATION

STRENGTH WEAKNESS

OPPORTINITIES THREATS

• ONLINE SERVICES • HIGH LEVEL OF

• INRCEASE INFLATION
PRODUCTION CPTY. • NEW ENTRANTS
• BIG GROWTH

The purposes of a SWOT analysis are to identify factors that impact a company's functioning
and offer useful information during the strategic planning process. This method can help lead
to more careful and informed decision-making.

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 Activities undertaken during the training
Research on celery and its cultivation-

CELERY
(Apium graveolens)

Scientific classification of celery-

• kingdom-Plantae
• Phylum-Vascular plant
• Class-Magnoliopsida
• Order-Apiales
• Family-Apiaceae/Umbelliferae
• Genus-Apium
• Species-A.graveolens

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 Origin-Mediterranean region

INTRODUCTION -Celery (Apium graveolens) is an important medicinal plant grown mostly for
its fresh herbs as salad crop and its oil medicinal properties in world. In colder climate and on
hills celery is a biennial plant, while at planes it becomes an annual. The plant grows wild in wet
places throughout most of Europe and was first cultivated in Mediterranean region about 3,000
years ago.
The dried fruits of celery are used as spice and for used in making many pharmaceutical
products. Celery is known as Celeri in French, Sellerie in German, Apio in Spanish, Salleri in
Swedish, Karafs in Arabic, Selderiji in Dutch, Sedano in Italian, Aipo in Portugese, Syelderey in
Russian, Serorjini in Japanese; Chin in Chinese; Karnauli or Ajwain in India.
Celery was probably not under widespread cultivation till the middle ages, though ancient
literature documents that celery was cultivated before 850 BC. The present cultivated celery
plants are a quite sweet, appetising and wholesome food but its wild ancestors were
considered poisonous.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION-Celery is a herbaceous plant, usually 60 to 120 cm. high with white
flowers borne in compound umbels. Annual cultures are grown in India mainly for seed
purpose. Root is succulent, well developed with numerous lateral roots. Stems are branched,
angular, jointed and light green in color. Leaves are oblong, 7-18 cm. long, pinnate or trifoliate.
It throws up a flowering head in later part of autumn producing a mass of fruits. The flowers are
white or greenish white, very small on sessile compound umbels. When the umbels dry, the
crop is harvested and threshed. The fruit is made up of two united umbels, each containing a
seed. Celery seeds are very small, about 1-2 mm. in length, oval and greenish brown in colour.
The celery seed has a pleasingly crisp texture and subtle flavour but a slightly bitter taste.

IMPORTANCE- commercially, celery is available as seeds, vegetable, seed oil and oleoresin. The
seeds of celery contain 2.2%-3% essential oil and 17 – 18% fatty oil. The oil is pale yellow in
color. Contains d-limonene (60%), ß-selinene (10-12 %), sedanoic acid anhydride (0.5 %) and
sedanolide (2.5-3.0 %). The later two components contribute to its characteristic odour.

The leaves of celery are rich source of minerals like Ca, P, Fe, vitamin A, Folic acid and vitamin C
for which it is consumed in salad.

The dried, ripe seeds are used as spice to flavour food and liquids, the seed is a stimulant and
carminative and is used as a nerve tonic in indigenous medicine systems. It is also used as a
remedy for rheumatism The seed oil is used for flavouring food items and in the perfumery and
pharmaceutical industries. The fatty oil obtained from the fruit is used as an antispasmodic and
nerve stimulant.

NUTRITIVE VALUE-

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Celery is used in weight-loss diets, because it provides low calorie dietary fibre bulk.

Celery
Nutritional value per 100g

ENERGY 16 kcal
CARBOHYDRATES 3g
SUGARS 1.4g
DIETARY FIBRE 1.6g
FAT 0.2g
PROTEIN 0.7g
as per the data of national horticulture board.

USES-

• The seed is a stimulant and carminative and is used as a nerve toxin.

• It is used as a remedy for rheumatism.
• Seed oil is used for flavorings food items and in the perfumery and pharmaceutical
industries.

AREA AND PRODUCTION- The crop is cultivated mainly in the states of Punjab (Jalandhar,
Gurdaspur and Amritsar districts), Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh (Saharanpur districts)
over an area of about 5000 ha. About 90% of the total produce comes from Punjab.

MARKET ANANLYSIS AND STRATEGY- The production of Celery seed oil is estimated around
100 t/annum worldwide and half of it is produced in India. The current price of seed in
September 2021 is Rs.118430/ton (As per data reported by Agmarket) in India. Compared to
last year where the price in September 2020 is RS 74320/t and this year the price is nearly
141.74% more then previous year so celery has a huge scope for its growth. In India about two-
thirds of the produce is meant for export and the local consumption is meager.

POPULAR VARIETIES WITH THEIR YIELD-

Punjab celery 1: yield is 4.46 quintal/Acre

RRL-85-1: yield is 5.56 quintal/hectare
Standard bearer

PESTS IN CELERY

• LEAF MINOR- It affects the foliage as it gives the appearance of been scorched.
• Carrot weevil- It affects the fresh leaves by tunneling larvae into it.
• Aphids-They affect the plant growth by sucking the cell sap of the leaves
REMOVAL OF PEST THROUGH INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT

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-IPM is a pest management system that in the context of associated environment and
population dynamics, utilizes all the appropriate techniques to minimize the pest population at
levels below those causing economic injury.

cultural method

biopesticides

Behavioral methods
IPM
+

Biological methods

Cultural methods:

• Sow at a high rate to compensate for yield losses to pests.

• Pruning and proper spacing between plants.
• Adopt practices that promotes conditions for healthy plant growth to prevent pest
damage for example, weeding, applying fertilizer, adequate irrigation.
• Plough the field to destroy the pest nests and eggs and to expose them to predators.
• Practice crop rotation to reduce the build up of pests.
• Sanitation.
• Time of sowing
• Remove plant residues and other debris especially moist and decaying wood.

USE OF BIOPESTICIDES:

• Biopesticides refers to a pesticide which originates from animals, microorganisms, or

plants.
• So use of neem oil spray, canola oil helpful in preventing pest infestation.

BEHAVIOURAL METHODS:

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 • Behavioral control utilizes some chemicals to modify insect pest behavior, and
control pest without the use of toxins. At present, behavioural modification methods
e.g pheromones have been used to confuse or trap male population.
• Use of pest attractant sticky sheets.

BIOLOGICAL METHODS :

➢ Biological control basically means the utilization of any living organism for the control of
insect pest, diseases and weeds. This means use of bioagents for minimizing pest
population.

CHEMICAL METHOD

➢ Damping off

➢ Symptoms
Dark brown to black water soaked lesions that rapidly spread over the entire seedling
Brown water soaked lesions that start on the roots and later extend up the hypocotyls
characterize post emergence damping off .Eventually, the lesions girdle the hypocotyls ,
causing seedling to wilt and die .

➢ Control
• Copperoxychloride 440gm
150 litre water /acre
• Mancozeb 75%WP/ 400gm

➢ DOWNY MILDEW
➢ SYMPTOMS
• Pale yellow to green spots form on upper surface of leaves and later turn brown
• Leaf spots are angular bounded by leaf veins
• Dark purpleish grey fuzz forms on under side of the in high humidity

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 • In wet or very humid conditions ,disease develops rapidly

➢ CONTROL
• Mancozeb 75%WP /400GM /150LITRE WATER

➢ EARLY BLIGHT

➢ SYMTOMS

• Initially ,small dark spots form on older foliage near the ground
• Leaf spots are round ,brown and grow up to half inches in diameter
• Large spot have target like concentric ring
• Severely attacked turn brown and fall off

➢ CONTROL
• Mancozeb 75% wp 400gm

150 litre water /acre

• Zineb 75 WP 400GM

➢ FUSARIUM YELLOW

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 ➢ SYMPTOMS
• Stunted growth
• Brown colour root
• Fainted colour of vascular tissue

➢ CONTROL
• Copperoxychloride 400gm

150 litre water /acre

• Mancozeb 400gm

Acknowledgement:

I thankful to Hindustan FarmDirect Ingrediant Pvt. Ltd. for providing me special training of
celery cultivation in R&D field of the company. I prepared cultivation practices ( as report) of
celery in R&D field under IPM system.

Conclusion-

• HFD is great chances of growth because its product is unique and its products is used in
many industries like cosmetics, healthcare.
• HFD also helps poor farmers to get more incomw sources by planting citrus.

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 • There are adequate and high opportunities for employees to learn.
• There is congenial atmosphere prevailing in the Organization. Time to time guidance is
provided by the superior.
• Behavior of co-workers are friendly and competitive which builds a healthy atmosphere
in
the organization
• Frequency of recognition of work done is adequate as per many of employees.
• Proper communication level must be maintained
• Concept of participative management should be encouraged more.

Suggestion-
• HFD should expand its marketing team for more growth.
• HFD can stop export its raw material to other companies and start produce its own end
use product.
REFERENCES-
• Online site of Hindustan FarmDirect Ingredients pvt. Ltd.
• Online site of national horticulture board http://nhb.gov.in
• Online site of apni kheti.com

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