Chapter 3 Exercises:

A. Multiple Choices. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space before the
number.

B 1. Which of the following does the nucleus contain?

(a) protons and electrons
(b) protons and neutrons
(c) neutrons and electrons

C 2. If the relative mass of a proton is 1, what is the relative mass of a neutron?

(a) negligible
(b) 0
(c) 1

C 3. Which of the following statements is correct?

(a) Protons are positively charged and neutrons are negatively charged.
(b) Protons are negatively charged and electrons are positively
charged.
(c)Protons are positively charged and electrons are negatively charged

B 4. What is the mass number of an atom?

(a) the number of electrons and protons in the atom
(b) the number of neutrons and protons in the
atom
(c) the number of neutrons in an atom

A 5. What is the atomic number of an atom?

(a) the number of atoms it contains
(b) the number of protons it contains
(c) the number of neutrons it contains

B 6. Which of the following statements is true of an atom?

(a) The number of protons is always equal to the number of neutrons.
(b) The number of protons is always equal to the number of electrons.
(c) The number of neutrons is always equal to the number of electrons.

A 7. Isotopes of an element have

(a) the same number of protons
(b) the same number of neutrons
(c) different chemical properties

C 8. Lithium atoms have 3 protons and 4 neutrons. Which of the following is correct?
(a) The mass number is 3.
(b) The mass number is 4.
(c) The mass number is 7.
3.1 Two basic laws of chemistry are the law of conservation of mass and the law of
constant composition. Which of these laws do the following statements illustrate?

a) Lavoisier found out that when mercury (II) oxide decomposes, the total mass of
mercury (Hg) and oxygen formed equals the mass of mercury (II) oxide
decomposed.
b) Hydrogen occurs as a mixture of two isotopes, one of which is twice as heavy as
the other.
c) It is highly improbable that the carbon monoxide gas found in Los Angeles isC 12
O22.
d) A cold pack has the same mass before and after the seal between the two
compartments is broken
ANSWER: A.
Lavoisier found that when mercury (II) oxide decomposes, the total mass of
mercury (Hg) and the oxygen formed equals the mass of mercury (II) oxide
decomposes.

3.2 Who discovered the nucleus? Describe the experiment that led to this
discovery? Ernest Rutherford
The dense atomic nucleus was discovered by hitting a thin gold sheet with
radium's alpha particles.
In his scattering experiment, Rutherford discovered that all of the positive charge
in the nucleus is concentrated in a small percentage of the overall volume of the
atom.

3.3 Uranium-235 is the isotope of uranium commonly used in nuclear power

plants. How many
1. protons are in its nucleus? - 92 protons
2. neutrons are in its nucleus? - 143 neutrons
3. electrons in a uranium atom? - 92 electrons

3.4 Consider two isotopes Fe-54 and Fe-56.

1. Write the nuclear symbols for both isotopes?❑26 26
54 Fe and❑56 Fe
2. How do they differ from each other? Iron-54 is composed of 26 protons, 28
neutrons, and 26 electrons. Iron-56 is composed of 26 protons, 30 neutrons, and
26 electrons.

3.5 Give the number of protons and electrons in a:

1. C60 molecule - 720 protons
2. CO molecule - 27 protons and 27 electrons
3. Zn atom - 30 protons and 30 electrons
4. CN-1 ion -