Chapter 3 Exercises:

Name: CHRISTLE JHANEY B. MOONG Time/Day: September 1, 2022

Course: 1ST YR BS PSYCHOLOGY Score:

A. Multiple Choices. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space before the number.

B 1.Which of the following does the nucleus contain?

(a) protons and electrons
(b) protons and neutrons
(c) neutrons and electrons

C 2.If the relative mass of a proton is 1, what is the relative mass of a neutron?
(a) negligible
(b) 0
(c) 1

C 3. Which of the following statements is correct?

(a) Protons are positively charged and neutrons are negatively charged.
(b) Protons are negatively charged and electrons are positively charged.
(c) Protons are positively charged and electrons are negatively charged

B 4. What is the mass number of an atom?

(a) the number of electrons and protons in the atom
(b) the number of neutrons and protons in the atom
(c) the number of neutrons in an atom

B 5. What is the atomic number of an atom?

(a) the number of atoms it contains
(b) the number of protons it contains
(c) the number of neutrons it contains

B 6. Which of the following statements is true of an atom?

(a) The number of protons is always equal to the number of neutrons.
(b) The number of protons is always equal to the number of electrons.
(c) The number of neutrons is always equal to the number of electrons.

A 7. Isotopes of an element have

(a) the same number of protons
(b) the same number of neutrons
(c) different chemical properties

C 8. Lithium atoms have 3 protons and 4 neutrons. Which of the following is correct?
(a) The mass number is 3.
(b) The mass number is 4.
(c) The mass number is 7
3.1 Two basic laws of chemistry are the law of conservation of mass and the law of constant
composition. Which of these laws do the following statements illustrate?

1. Lavoisier found out that when mercury (II) oxide decomposes, the total mass of mercury
(Hg) and oxygen formed equals the mass of mercury (II) oxide decomposed. Law of
Conversation of Mass

2. Hydrogen occurs as a mixture of two isotopes, one of which is twice as heavy as the
other. Law of Constant Composition

3. It is highly improbable that the carbon monoxide gas found in Los Angeles isC12 O22.

Law of Conservation of Mass

4. A cold pack has the same mass before and after the seal between the two compartments
is broken. Law of Constant Composition

3.2 Who discovered the nucleus? Describe the experiment that led to this discovery?

Ernest Rutherford discovered the nucleus. As demonstrated by Rutherford's gold foil

experiment, the majority of an atom is empty space, with a small, dense, positively-charged
nucleus. A number of the alpha particles that he fired against a sheet of gold foil were deflected.
He determined that the deflections were being caused by a small, compact nucleus. Rutherford
presented the nuclear model of the atom in light of these results.

3.3 Uranium-235 is the isotope of uranium commonly used in nuclear power plants. How many

1. protons are in its nucleus? 92 protons

2. neutrons are in its nucleus? 143 neutrons

3. electrons in a uranium atom? 92 electrons

3.4 Consider two isotopes Fe-54 and Fe-56.

54 56
1. Write the nuclear symbols for both isotopes? Fe Fe

2. How do they differ from each other? they both have different mass

3.5 Give the number of protons and electrons in a:

1. C60 molecule = 6 protons 6 electrons

2. CO molecule = Carbon has 6 protons and Oxygen has 8 protons (protons = electrons),
therefore both C and O have the same number of electrons and has a total of 22 protons
and electrons.
3. Zn atom = 30 protons 30 electrons

4. CN-1 ion = 10 protons 10 neutrons