8

NAME: __________________________________________
GRADE/SECTION: ______________________________

Quarter I – Week 1

SCIENCE
Force and Motion
Law of Acceleration
 Lesson 1
Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion:
The Law of Acceleration

MELC: Investigate the relationship between the amount of force applied and the mass of
the object to the amount of change in the object’s motion (S8FE-Ia-15)

Objectives:
1. Explain how mass affects force and acceleration.
2. Investigate the effect of force to the motion of an object considering the object’s
mass.
3. Calculate` problems using Newton’s second law of motion.

Let’s Try
Directions: Read and analyze each question carefully and write the letter of the correct
answer on the blanks provided.

____1. What is the SI unit used to describe force?

A. Newton C. Meter per second
B. Kilogram D. Meter per second square

____2. Which is the correct statement for the Newton’s second law of motion? A.
An object’s acceleration depends on gravity.
B. An object’s acceleration depends on force only.
C. An object’s acceleration depends on mass only
D. An object’s acceleration depends on both force and mass.

_____3. What is the other term used to describe the Newton’s second law of motion?
A. Law of Acceleration C. Law of Interaction B. Law of Inertia D.
Law of Mass

____4. In which way can you describe the equation used for Newton’s second law
of motion?
A. Voltage = current x resistance (V = IR)
B. Force = mass x acceleration (F = ma)
C. Momentum = mass x velocity (p = mv)
D. Speed = distance divided by time (v=d/t)

____5. When a heavy football player and a light one run into each other, who exerts more
force?
A. The light one. C. They are equal.
B. The heavy one. D. There is no such thing as force.
____6. If you use the same force to push a truck and push a car, which one will have
more acceleration and why?
A. The car. It has less mass. C. The truck. It has less mass.
B. The car. It has more mass. D. The truck. It has more mass.

____7. In Newton’s Second Law, how are mass and acceleration related?
A. Power relationship C. Inversely proportional
B. Directly proportional D. Inverse power relationship

____8. A body of mass m is being accelerated by a net force F. If the net force is reduced
to one-half, what will be its acceleration?
A. Halved C. Increased four times
B. Doubled D. Decreased to one-fourth

_____9. What is the relationship between the object's mass and acceleration if the
applied force is constant?
A. Equal C. Directly proportional
B. Unrelated D. Inversely proportional

____10. A force of 1.6 N acts on a body producing an acceleration of 56 m/s 2. What is

the mass of the body?
A. 0.0286 kg C. 15.68 kg
B. 0.0582 kg D. 89.6 kg

Let’s Explore and Discover

UNLOCKING OF DIFFICULTIES

Acceleration The rate at which an object’s speed changes per unit time.
Force A push or a pull upon an object resulting from the object’s
interaction with another.
Mass Is a measure of the amount of matter in an object. It is usually
measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg).
Motion Generally refers to a change in the position of an object.

In Grade 7, you learned the different ways of describing the motion of an object in
one dimension. This time, you will learn to explain the motion of an object using
Newton’s laws of motion, specifically NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION. You will
describe the relationship between the forces acting on an object and its motion due to
these forces.
Most of the motions we come across in our daily life are non-uniform and the
primary cause of changes in motion is FORCE.

ISAAC NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION

In 1687, following 18 months of intense and effectively

nonstop work, Newton published Philosophiae Naturalis Principia

(Source: Biography, Isaac

 scientist /isaac -newton.)

Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), most

often known as Principia.

Principia is said to be the single most influential book on Newton, accessed July 11, 2021,
physics and possibly all of science. Its publication immediately raised Newton to international
prominence.

Principia offers an exact quantitative description of bodies in motion, with three

basic but important laws of motion:

First Law A stationary body will stay stationary unless an external force is applied
to it.

Second Law Force is equal to mass times acceleration, and a change in motion
(i.e., change in speed) is proportional to the force applied.

Third Law For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

(Source: “Isaac Newton,” Biography, accessed July 11, 2021,

https://www.biography.com/scientist/isaacnewton.)

NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION

Let us now look into the situation where an unbalanced force or resultant force acts on a
body.

Push a chair. Does it move? In what direction does it move? Push

the same chair harder. Does it move faster?

When you push the chair, it will begin to move (it will accelerate) in
the direction you pushed it. In the given example where the mass of
the object is constant, infer the relationship between force and
acceleration.

The situation can be summed up as follows. “ For a constant

mass(m), acceleration(a) is directly proportional to the applied
force.” Mathematically it can be expressed as

a F
where: a = acceleration F = resultant force

This time imagine yourself applying the same amount of force(F) to a chair and a
table. Which one will move faster – chair or table? Infer the relationship between
acceleration(a) and mass(m) if force is kept constant.

The relationship between acceleration(a) and mass(m) can be summed up as

follows:
“With a constant force(F), acceleration(a) is inversely proportional to mass(m).”
Mathematically, it can be expressed as

a 1
m

Combining the two expressions. You will get F = km a

 Where k is the constant of magnitude. If k = 1, then F = ma

Law of Acceleration

“ The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the magnitude of the

net force acting on it and inverselyproportional to its mass.”

This statement actually pertains to Newton’s second law of motion or Law of

Acceleration, because it is concerned with the relation of acceleration to mass and force.

(Source: Lilia G. Vengco et al., Integratred Science First Year Third Edition, Quezon City, Philippines: Phoenix
Publishing House, Inc., 2010, 151.)

This can be expressed in equation form as:

this is often
a= F rearranged as: F = ma
m
where:

SYMBOL NAME UNIT

a acceleration m/s/s or m/s2
F force N or kg. m/s2
m mass kg

Sample Problems with solutions:

Force Acceleration Mass

Calculate the force A 10-kg mass at rest on a A soccer ball kicked with a
needed to accelerate a frictionless table is acted force of 13.5 N accelerates
50-kg boy at a rate of 10 upon by a constant force of at 6.5 m/s2. What is the
2
20 N. What is the mass of the ball?
m/s . acceleration of the mass?
Given:
Given: Given: m = 10 kg F = 13.5 N a
a = 10 m/s2 F = 20 N = 6.5 m/s 2
m = 50 kg a =? m=?
F=?
Equation: Equation:
Equation: F = a = F/m m = F/a
ma
Solution: Solution:
Solution: a = 20 N / 10 kg 2
2 a = 13.5 N / 6.5 m/s
F = 50 kg (10 m/s )
Answer:
2 Answer:
Answer: m = 2.08 kg
a = 2 m/s
F = 500 N

Newton’s Second Law of Motion or law of acceleration tells us that unbalanced

forces produce acceleration. There are two factors that affect the acceleration of an object:
the net force acting on the object and the object’s mass. That is, acceleration is directly
proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. You can
see the relationship among these variables by looking at the figure below. By using this
triangle method, you can also easily determine equations that will help you solve
problems related to Newton’s second law.
 Triangle method of formula

To find for the value of the net force acting on the object given the mass and acceleration,
cover up the F symbol in the triangle by placing one of your fingers then work out the
operation that is left. So, the equation to be used in finding force is F = m x a. When
finding for the value of the object’s mass given the force and acceleration, cover up the m
symbol and work out the operation that is left. So, the equation is m = F ÷ a. Finally, to
find the value for the object’s acceleration, same process applies and you come up with a
= F ÷ m.

(Source: Pia C. Campo et al., Science Grade 8 Learner's Module, Pasig City:
Department of Education, 2016, 12.)
 Let’s Practice

RELATING FORCE AND ACCELERATION

Problem:
A hotel porter pushes a trolley of luggage. A net force acting on the trolley causes it
to accelerate.

What happens to the acceleration of the trolley if the magnitude of the net force is
increased? (Check the box of the correct answer
)

The acceleration of the trolley increases if the magnitude of the net force is increased.
The acceleration of the
trolley is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force
when the mass is constant.
The acceleration of the trolley
decreasesif the magnitude of the net force is increased.
The acceleration of the trolley isinversely proportional to the magnit
ude of the net
force when the mass is constant.

RELATING MASS AND ACCELERATION

Problem:
A hotel porter pushes a lightly
-loaded trolley. A net force acting on the trolley causes
it to accelerate.

What happens to the acceleration of the trolley if its mass is increased but the
magnitude of the net force remains the same?(Check the box of the correct answer)
The acceleration of the trolley increases if the mass of the trolley increases when the
net force remains unchanged. The acceleration of the trolleydirectly
is proportional
to the mass of the trolley when the net force is consta
nt.
The acceleration of the trolley decreases if the mass of the trolley increases when the
net force remains unchanged. The acceleration of the trolley is inversely proportional
to the mass of the trolley
when the net force is constant.
 Let’s Do More

COMPLETE ME!

Directions: From the concepts that you have learned, fill in the blanks in each statement.

1. It is easier to push an empty shopping cart than a full one, because the full
shopping cart has __________ mass than the empty one. This means that more force
more/less is required to push the full shopping

cart.

2. If you use the same force to push a wooden table and push a plastic chair, the
plastic chair will have ____________ acceleration than the wooden table, because the
more/less
plastic chair has less mass.

3. A car moves faster than the truck because according to Newton’s second law of
motion mass is __________________ proportional to acceleration.
directly/inversely

LET’S ROCK AND SOLVE!

Directions: Calculate the net force on the object.

1. What is the acceleration of a 50 kg 2. The mass of a large car is 1000 kg.

object pushed with a force of 500 How much force would be required
newtons? to accelerate the car at a rate of 3
m/sec2?
Given: Given:
m = ________ a = ________
F = ________ m = ________
a= ? F= ?

Equation: Equation:

Solution:
Solution:

Answer:

Answer:
 Let’s Sum It Up
Directions: Fill in the blank s with the appropriate term. Choose your answer
from the box. Some answers can be used more than once.

Greater Lesser Accelerate

Mass Force Acceleration

1. Newton’s second law of motion is also known as the LAW OF________________.

2. Newton’s second law says that when an unbalanced _________ is applied to a
_________ (OBJECT), it causes it to _________________.
3. The greater the force that is applied, the _____________ the acceleration.
4. The lesser the force that is applied, the _____________ the acceleration.
5. If the same force is applied to an object with a large mass, it will have a
_____________ acceleration.
6. If the same force is applied to an object with a small mass, it will have a
_____________ acceleration.

Let’s Assess
Directions: Read and analyze each question carefully and write the letter of the correct
answer on the blanks provided.

_____1. What is the SI unit used to describe force?

A. Newton C. Meter per second
B. Kilogram d. Meter per second squared

_____2. Which is the correct statement for the Newton’s second law of motion?
A. An object’s acceleration depends on gravity.
B. An object’s acceleration depends on force only.
C. An object’s acceleration depends on mass only
D. An object’s acceleration depends on both force and mass.

_____3. What is the other term used to describe the Newton’s second law of motion?
A. Law of Acceleration C. Law of Interaction
B. Law of Inertia D. Law of Mass

_____4. When a heavy football player and a light one run into each other, who exerts
more force?
A. The light one. C. They are equal.
B. The heavy one. D. There is no such thing as force.

_____5. If you use the same force to push a truck and push a car, which one will have
more acceleration and why?
A. The car. It has less mass. C. The truck. It has less mass.
 B. The car. It has more mass. D. The truck. It has more mass. _____6. A
body of mass m is being accelerated by a net force F. If the net force is reduced to one-
half, what is its acceleration?
A. Halved C. Increased four times
B. Doubled D. Decreased to one-fourth

_____7. What is the relationship between the object's mass and acceleration if the
applied force is constant?
A. Equal C. Directly proportional
B. Unrelated D. Inversely proportional

_____8. A force of 1.6 N acts on a body producing an acceleration of 56 m/s 2. What is the
mass of the body?
A. 0.0286 kg C. 15.68 kg
B. 0.0582 kg D. 89.6 kg

_____9. In which way can you describe the equation used for Newton's second law
of motion?
A. Voltage = current x resistance (V = IR)
B. Force = mass x acceleration (F = ma)
C. Momentum = mass x velocity (p = mv)
D. Speed = distance divided by time (v = d/t)

____10. In Newton’s Second Law, how are mass and acceleration related?
A. Power relationship C. Inversely proportional
B. Directly proportional D. Inverse power relationship