Architectural Drafting 1

01 Drafting Instruments
& Materials
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Drafting
• The academic discipline
of creating standardized • The person who drafts is
technical drawing by called drafter, drafting
architects, interior technician,
designer, engineers and draftsperson,
related professionals. draftsman.
• Standards and
conventions for layout,
line thickness, text size,
symbols, view projections,
descriptive geometry,
dimensioning and
notations are use to
create drawings that are
thisideally
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one way.
Instruments & Materials

Architects and designers need instruments and

supplies including large adjustable drawing
table or drawing board and chair. An overhead
adjustable lamp (flourescent light) is required in
addition to general illumination.

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1. T-SQUARE – for drawing horizontal lines. It can be 18, 24, 32, 36, 42,
48 inches in length. It is made of aluminum, stainless steel, wood
and metal blades
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2. Triangles – used to draw vertical lines, inclined lines or
specific lines of any angles such as 30, 45, 60 degrees.
Adjustable triangle is use in variety of inclined lines. 12 inches is
best to use

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3. METRIC SCALE – use primarily for drawing architectural,
structural, mechanical details. The purpose is to represent a
large objects at a reduce scale to fit on a drafting paper.
Some are color coded. Always observe scale from directly
above. Common scale are 1: 100, 1:200, 1: 250, 1:300, 1: 400
and 1: 500 Meters.

Plan: 1:100M Site Dev Plan: 1:500M

Details: 1:10 or 1:20M Blow-up Details:1:1, 1:2, 1:5M

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•Drawing Scale & Scales
•scale
–noun
the relation to the size (proportion)
of a representation (drawing) that an object bears to
the actual
object itself: a model on a scale of one inch to one foot, or
1cm to 1meter (1:100).

1:1/1:100
1:5/1:50
1:10/1:100
1:20/1:200
1:1250/1:2500

•The purpose of scales is to allow an engineer, architect,

technician or contractor to determine scaled measurements
from drawings or maps very quickly and easily.
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 4. COMPASS AND RELATED
DRAWING INSTRUMENTS –
Compass is use for small and
intermediate circles and arcs.
Extension Arm is use for very large
circles. Adaptor or ink
attachment.

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5. TECHNICAL PENS – design with tubular point within which is a
fine wire that controls the ink in flow. Use it with clog free
water proof drawing ink that will not fade if exposed to light.
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Commonly used are 0.1, 0.3, 0.5
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6. PENCILS – writing implement or art medium usually constructed of a
narrow graphite solid pigment core inside a protective casing. It is
made up of graphite mixed with clay binder. Pencil and ink are most
versatile media to artist and designer. Pencil can be hard, medium,
or soft. “B” stands for softness and “H” stands for hardness. 9H is the
hardest (smallest diameter) and 6B is the softest (largest diameter).

HB is use for lettering and sharp defined line.

F, H are multipurpose in use and for architectural layout

B to 6B are use in freehand sketching

HARD 9H to 2H
MEDIUM H, F, HB
SOFT 2B to 6B

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Ways of making detail in pencil:

1. The way you sharpen it. There are different types of pencil
point.
a. Conical Point (simplest and uniform)
b. Chisel Point ,Blunt (broad)
c. Elliptical Point (special purposes)
2. The way you hold it. There are various ways of holding a
pencil.
a. typical position
b. for free work
c. extremely free work and inverted position
d. braced position (for detailing)

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 Mechanical Pencil is of two types:
1. Clutch Pencil or Mechanical Holder (2mm in
diameter)
2. Fine Leader Holder – push button lead is 0.3 to
0.9mm but 0.5mm is popular, need not to be
sharpen.

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 7. ERASER – soft vinyl or plastic eraser that
are pliable and smudge free yields the
best results. Examples are Staedtler mars,
Magic rub, Helix

8. CUTTER OR SHARPENER – blades that

are use to sharpen the pencils. Various
types are available for specific use such
as Olfa knife (cutting), X-acto knife
(detailing), Utility knife (heavy materials).

9. PENCIL POINTER – use to produce a

pointed lead of a pencil.

10.ERASING SHIELD – thin metal cover

that protects drawn lines while erasing
unwanted lines.

11.MASKING TAPE – it holds the drawing

paper in place to avoid deviating from
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proper position.
12.RAGS / DRAFTING DUSTER – use
to clean the surface of the
paper after erasures.

13.FRENCH CURVE – are irregular

curves that have no constant
radii. Flexible curve is use to
draw almost any curve in
contour lines by shaping and
bending it.

14. PROTRACTOR – use to measure

angles. It can either be
circular or semicircular.

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15. DRAWING PAPER – There are two classifications of paper.
Machine-made paper that is use in exercises of lines and
drawings. Handmade or Mould-made papers hat is use for
rendered drawings.

a. Drawing paper (drafting)

b. Sketch pad (freehand and rendering)

c. Tracing paper (design) – especially treated papers. Linen,

polyester, film transparent or semi-transparent in nature. They
allow the lines underneath to be clearly seen and so copied or
traced when placed over original drawing.

d. Illustration board (drawing presentations) – comes in 1/16 or

1/32 inches thickness suitable for both finish drawing presentation
and fine presentation models. Other types includes chipboards
and foam core board that are excellent for model making
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 •Paper Sizes & Standard Sheets

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