Electrical Power HJ4F 34 OC4 Exercise 3

Determine the dc rectified voltage for half and full wave single phase circuits given ac
input supply and vice versa.

1) Watch the following YouTube clip on how to calculate the Peak Load Voltage (Vp)
and Average Load Voltage (Vave or Vdc) across the load resistor for a Half Wave
rectified circuit. Make notes, particularly on how to calculate these values.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KMKau9JpM4I

Calculate Vp and Vave for the Half Wave circuits below:

(NOTE: The FREQUENCY of the supply in the UK is 50Hz. This gives a PERIOD of
20mS. 240V is the RMS voltage of the supply in the UK)

I. Without Smoothing Capacitor

Step 1 is to find the peak voltage of the primary windings

Vp = Vrns / 0.707 =240 / 0.707 = 339.46 V across the primary windings

Step 2 is to find the peak voltage of the secondary windings

And since the ratio is 10:1
Vp = 339.46 Vp / 10 = 33.95 V across the secondary windings

CLASSIFICATION: 2 - Internal or Non-Confidential

 Step 3 is to find the peak voltage across the diode having 0.7V

Vp = 33.95 - 0.7 = 33.25 V across the diode

Step 4 is to find the average voltage

Vave = Vp x 0.318 = 33.25 x 0.318 = 10.57 Vdc

II. With Smoothing Capacitor

Step 1 is to find the peak voltage of the primary windings

Vp = Vrns / 0.707 =240 / 0.707 = 339.46 V across the primary windings

Step 2 is to find the peak voltage of the secondary windings

And since the ratio is 10:1
Vp = 339.46 Vp / 10 = 33.95 V across the secondary windings
Step 3 is to find the peak voltage across the diode having 0.7V

Vp = 33.95 - 0.7 = 33.25 V across the diode

Step 4 is to find the average voltage

Vave = Vp x 0.318 = 33.25 x 0.318 = 10.57 Vdc

Now that a capacitor of 100 microFarad is added

CLASSIFICATION: 2 - Internal or Non-Confidential

Step 1. Peak voltage across the load is still 33.25 V

Step 2. The average voltage is gotten from this formula

Vave = Vp – (∆V/2)

Iave = C ∆V/∆T

Where Iave = Vave / R = 10.57/ 1.5 = 7.05 mA

C = 100 x 10 -⁶ farad

Rearranging for ∆V= 7.05 x 10-³ x 20 x 10-³/ 100 x 10-⁶ = 1.41 V

Vave = 33.25 – 1.41/2 = 32.55 Vdc

2) Watch the following YouTube clip on how to calculate the Peak Load Voltage (Vp)
and Average Load Voltage (Vave or Vdc) across the load resistor for a Full Wave
rectified circuit. Make notes, particularly on how to calculate these values.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NeMLVTqDluo

Calculate Vp and Vave for the Full Wave circuits below:

III. Without Smoothing Capacitor

Step 1 is to find the peak voltage of the primary windings

Vp = Vrns / 0.707 =240 / 0.707 = 339.46 V across the primary windings

Step 2 is to find the peak voltage of the secondary windings

CLASSIFICATION: 2 - Internal or Non-Confidential

 And since the ratio is 10:1
Vp = 339.46 Vp / 10 = 33.95 V across the secondary windings
Step 3 is to find the peak voltage across the diode having 0.7V and since two of the diode
conduct at the same time

Vp = 33.95 – 1.4 = 32.55 V across the load

Step 4 is to find the average voltage

Vave = Vp x 0.318 = 32.55 x 0.636 = 20.7 Vdc

IV. With Smoothing Capacitor

Step 1 is to find the peak voltage of the primary windings

Vp = Vrns / 0.707 =240 / 0.707 = 339.46 V across the primary windings

Step 2 is to find the peak voltage of the secondary windings

And since the ratio is 10:1
Vp = 339.46 Vp / 10 = 33.95 V across the secondary windings
Step 3 is to find the peak voltage across the diode having 0.7V and since two of the diode
conduct at the same time

Vp = 33.95 – 1.4 = 32.55 V across the load

CLASSIFICATION: 2 - Internal or Non-Confidential

 Step 4 is to find the average voltage

Vave = Vp x 0.318 = 32.55 x 0.636 = 20.7 Vdc

Now that a capacitor of 100 microFarad is added

Step 1. Peak voltage across the load is still 33.25 V

Step 2. The average voltage is gotten from this formula

Vave = Vp – (∆V/2)

Iave = C ∆V/∆T

Where Iave = Vave / R = 20.7/ 1.5 = 13.8 mA

C = 100 x 10 -⁶ farad

Rearranging for ∆V= 13.8 x 10-³ x 20 x 10-³/ 100 x 10-⁶ = 2.76 V

Vave = 33.25 – 2.76/2 = 31.87 Vdc

3) Fill in the spaces

The ... Transformers… steps down the AC input on the ……primary…..to a smaller voltage
across the……secondary……… The Bridge rectifier converts the AC to DC. The smoothing ……
Capacitor………… increases the Average Load Voltage across the load.

Primary transformer capacitor secondary

CLASSIFICATION: 2 - Internal or Non-Confidential