Green Building-Elective

 Lecture Presentation for date :08 July 2020

 Sources: from various source on internet

 For Private use of students of B.Tech. Final Year, GHRCEM
students for Elective II

GREEN BUILDING 08 JULY 2020 N C DUBEY ELECTIVE II 1

 GREEN
BUILDING
N.C. DUBEY
8 JULY 2020

GREEN BUILDING 08 JULY 2020 N C DUBEY ELECTIVE II 2

 Unit II

 site selection and location of building on a site;

Building Design:
orientation,
components,
systems,
integrated
design,
scale
GREEN BUILDING 08 JULY 2020 N C DUBEY ELECTIVE II 3
Systems IN GREEN BUILDING
Structural Design
Energy Design
Envelope Design
Ventilation Design
Water System Design
Lighting Design
Mechanical Design

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Ventilation Design

Assess ventilation Set ventilation targets. The first step

requirements in the ventilation design is for the
team to set optimum CFM
targets.(CFM-Cubic feet per minute)
(Basically get the rate of low. Units
⇒ Key Issues: will be volume per unit time.)

Health, Comfort Design procedure for ventilation

systems - air flow rates, heat and
and Safety cooling loads, air shifts according
occupants, air supply principles

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Ventilation Design
Select an efficient mechanical or
Reduce ventilation natural ventilation system. Buildings
loads with access to clean air and a quiet
outdoor environment may benefit
from use of natural ventilation
systems at least in swing seasons.
⇒ Key Issue: Energy ° Assess the potential for heat
recovery systems. Heat can be
⇒ Related issues: recovered from both sensible and
Site Ecology, latent heat.

Health, Comfort ° Consider using zones to group

areas with similar occupancies and
ventilation needs.
° Weigh the benefits of VAV (variable
air volume) air distribution systems.
When there is reduced demand,
reduce the system load.
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Ventilation Design

Provide users Provide individual controls for

comfort and ventilation.
control
Operable windows, in addition to
individual controls for airflow,
encourage users to turn off ventilation
 ⇒ Key Issue:
when needed, and also allow a high
 Health, level of comfort and control. Individual
Comfort
controls should therefore be provided
 and Safety where feasible.
 ⇒ Related
Issues:
 Energy, Light
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Ventilation Design

Provide adequate Separate air intakes from pollution.

fresh air Trees, waterways,forested areas, fields
and other planting options can improve
⇒ Key Issue:
outside air quality. The intake must be
Health, Comfort far enough away to eliminate exposure
and Safety to contaminated air.

⇒ Related Issues: Use carbon dioxide sensors to monitor

ventilation rates and to provide
Materials, ongoing information concerning air
Energy, Light quality.

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Ventilation Design

Provide adequate With the help of building users and

owner, reduce pollution sources.
fresh air
For pollution generating sources that
⇒ Key Issue:
cannot be eliminated from the
Health, Comfort building, create isolated zones that are
and Safety separately ventilated.(eg. Smoking
Zone)
⇒ Related Issues:
Ensure that indoor air is free of
Materials, pollution
Energy, Light

GREEN BUILDING 08 JULY 2020 N C DUBEY ELECTIVE II 9

Water System Design

Reduce or prevent Install water-efficient toilet

the use of potable fixtures. This could include:
water to treat
° Water closets with a maximum of
human waste
6 litres per flush

⇒ Key Issue: Water

° Wastewater piping with a
⇒ Related Issues: generous pitch to account for
smaller water flows
Site Ecology,
° Waterless urinals or urinals with a
Waste, Energy
maximum of 3.6 litres per flush
(use individual-flush urinals).

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 Water System Design
Reduce or Install alternative wastewater
prevent the use of technologies.
potable water to Often these options allow the water to be treated
treat human on site to tertiary standards. This also meets the
Site Design and Planning goal of reducing or
waste eliminating disturbance to the natural water
system, as it returns water to the ground in as
good as or better condition than the water would
have otherwise been treated.
Options include:
⇒ Key Issue: Water
° constructed wetlands
⇒ Related Issues: ° composting toilets
Site Ecology, ° biological waste water technologies

Waste, Energy ° aerobic treatment.

Grey water and black water systems can treat

water to be reused for toilet flushing and
irrigation. Once treated, the water can recharge
groundwater if conditions are appropriate.
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 Water System Design
Select Install the following where appropriate:
waterefficient ° Lavatory and kitchen faucets with max 9.5
Fixtures litres per minute.
° Public lavatory faucets with 2 litres per minute
or less.
° Self-closing, time-activated (5 second shut off)
⇒ Key Issue: or motion detecting public faucets.
Water
° Showers with a maximum of 9.5 litres per
⇒ Related Issues:
minute
Site Ecology,
° Public showers self-closing time-activated (1
Energy minute shut off).
° Dishwashers with a maximum of 27 litres on
normal cycle (for non-industrial use).
° Clothes washers that are energy and water
efficient
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° HVAC water that is made up of recycled or

Water System Design

Monitor water use Install water meters to allow

measurement of potable water
i.e. Audit /measure
consumption.
water consumption
⇒ Key Issue: Water

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Water System Design

Reduce water-related Minimize energy use in water

systems.
energy use
Insulating water pipes, reducing
pipe lengths, reclaiming heat from
water, choosing efficient
dishwashers and washing machines
and other techniques and features
⇒ Key Issue: can save energy.
Energy
⇒ Related Issues:
Water

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Lighting Design

Reduce lighting Install high-efficacy lamps & fixtures

load
(e.g.: compact fluorescents and T-8
lamps).
Maximize daylight to reduce the
need for electric lighting.

⇒ Key Issue:
Energy
⇒ Related: IEQ

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Lighting Design

Maximize daylight and views Ensure occupied spaces have

direct access to outdoor views.
The use of interior atriums,
⇒ Key Issues: courtyards, clerestory windows,
Indoor etc., can bring outdoor views and
light into the building.
Environmental
Atriums- the central area in a
Quality (IEQ) building; open to the sky.
⇒ Related Issue: a very large room, often
with glass walls or roof, especially
Site Ecology,
in the middle of
Energy, a large shop or office building
Health Safety clerestory windows- high windows
and Comfort

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Lighting Design

Maximize daylight and views Ensure all occupied spaces

have access to daylight.
Using a smaller footprint and
⇒ Key Issues: narrower building depth
allows light to penetrate
Indoor better throughout the
Environmental building. If the building is
Quality (IEQ) broad, lightshelves can be
used to allow light deep into
⇒ Related Issue: the interior.
Site Ecology,
Energy,
Health Safety
and Comfort

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Lighting Design

Maximize daylight and views Reduce glare and

unwanted heat gain by
using sun shading, interior
⇒ Key Issues: or exterior window
Indoor treatments and or light
shelves. Deciduous trees
Environmental can provide excellent
Quality (IEQ) sunshading, allowing light
through in the winter and
⇒ Related Issue: blocking unwanted lighting
Site Ecology, the summer.
Energy,
Health Safety
and Comfort

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Lighting Design

Provide user comfort and Provide individual controls for

control lighting where feasible.
This encourages users to turns
⇒ Key Issue: IEQ lights off, and it also allows a
high level of comfort and control.
° Minimize glare and visual
discomfort from electric lighting
sources.
The design of the room form,
surfaces, and lightshelves, and
the choice of finishes can assist
in providing comfortable light
distribution
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Mechanical Design

Optimize mechanical Avoid over-sizing equipment.

system to meet reduced At this point in the design, the
Loads mechanical engineer has worked with
the architect, electrical engineer and
design team to reduce heating and
⇒ Key Issue: cooling loads so that the mechanical
system can be reduced. The next step is
Energy to ensure that the mechanical equipment
⇒ Related is appropriately sized down as well.

Issues: Indoor
Environmental
Quality, Light

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Mechanical Design

Optimize mechanical Install high-efficiency heating and

system to meet reduced cooling equipment.
loads Explore feasibility and life cycle cost of
heat recovery equipment. Determine
⇒ Key Issue:
the feasibility and life-cycle cost of
Energy using demand control ventilation and
motion- or CO2- detecting occupancy
⇒ Related sensors for lights and HVAC systems.
Issues: Indoor These measures are most appropriate
for spaces with intermittent or short
Environmental duration occupancy loads.

Quality, Light Maximize the use of passive heating

and cooling, using such methods as
solar heat gain and natural ventilation.

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Mechanical Design

Optimize mechanical Explore the life-cycle costs renewable

system to meet reduced and alternate energy sources.
loads Consider, for example, solar water pre-
heating,photovoltaic panels, wind
⇒ Key Issue: power, geothermal heat exchange, local
microhydro, fuel cells, or other benign
Energy energy sources.
⇒ Related ° Do a computer-simulated energy
Issues: Indoor modelling of the building, to minimize
energy use by optimizing the site,
Environmental envelope, ventilation, water, lighting,
and mechanical systems design
Quality, Light

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Mechanical Design

Reduce ozone depletion Use HVAC systems, refrigerants and fire-

suppressant equipment that do not contain
CFCs, HCFCs or Halons.
If HVAC systems are inherited that contain
CFCs or HCFCs, perform a phase out
conversion.
⇒ Key Issue: Other
Ecological Issues

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General Design

Document designs for All major building system designs should be

commissioning documented for commissioning. This is so
that they are installed and calibrated to
operate as they the design indented. An
independent commissioning authority should
be hired to verify the installation,
⇒ Key Issue: Energy performance, training and documentation.
Consider making contractor payments
⇒ Related Issues: All dependent on the commissioning agents’
verification of system performance that
complies with design and construction
documents.

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General Design- Indoor Air
Quality
Monitor Monitor carbon dioxide to ensure indoor
air quality. A permanent C02 monitor will
carbon ensure that space ventilation is performing
dioxide to design. It could be independent or part of
the building controls. This system should be
⇒ Key Issue: IEQll part of the commissioning verification
process.

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General Design- Indoor Air
Quality
Ensure indoor air is Perform ventilation effectiveness. This may
free of pollution require the

⇒ Key Issue: IEQ owner paying the consultant extra for this
service. It is extra
work, and not included in standard
contracts.
° Ensure adequate air filtration. Filter air
to top standards.

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Check – on finalization

Finalize energy As the design team finishes the building

systems design phase,
Performance targets
they need to come to consensus on the
project’s energy performance targets. The
initial energy performance targets should be
modified in light of what is possible on this
⇒ Key Issues: site and within the project budget

energy

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Check – on finalization

Update all As the design team finishes the building

environmental systems design phase, all environmental
performance targets performance targets should be updated. The
final energy targets and updated
⇒ Key Issues: performance targets should be circulated to
each design team member (including the
energy owner) to refer to throughout the design.
IN CASE IF REQUIRED COMPUTER
SIMULATION MAY BE DONE TO VERIFTY ALL
THE TARGET ARE MET AND ARE OPTIMIZED.

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