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An Introduction to Thermal Comfort in Buildings

Presentation · July 2020

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.36390.55366

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Bandana Jha
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 Name of Institution

Amity School of
Architecture & Planning
B. Arch, Semester V
Intelligent Buildings
(ARCH223)

Lecture-2
Thermal Comfort in Buildings
Dr. Bandana Jha
bjha@amity.edu
2020
1
 Intelligent Buildings Name of Institution

What is the need for an Intelligent Building?

Buildings are responsible for more than 40 % of
global energy use and
1/3 of global greenhouse gas
emissions (GHG)
Building Sector has the largest
potential in reduction of GHG

Majority of emissions are from developed countries

Rapidly industrializing developing countries will
surpass emission levels from buildings in developed
countries.
2
 Intelligent Buildings Name of Institution

What is the advantage of an Intelligent Building?

• Environmental Benefits
Reduces Green-House Gas Emissions
Lowers Carbon Footprint
Lowers Water Consumption
Improved Waste Management
• Economic Benefits
Reduces Energy Consumption
Lowers Operating Costs
Higher Rental & Capital Value
• Regulatory and Social Benefits
Complies with Energy Performance Norms
Creates New job opportunities
Improves Corporate Image
3
 Intelligent Buildings Name of Institution

Brief History of an Intelligent Building (IB) ?

Term “Intelligent Buildings was first used by

UTB corporation, USA in 1981
In 1983, ASHRAE defined IB as a building
equipped with fully automated building service
control systems
IBI in 1989 defined IB as “one which integrates
various systems to manage resources in
coordinated mode to maximize technical
performance, investments, operating cost
savings and flexibility.

4
 Intelligent Buildings Name of Institution

How do we define an Intelligent Building (IB) ?

Intelligent Building Institute (IBI,USA) defined IB
in 2002 as:
“ One which provides a productive and cost
effective environment through optimization of its
four basic elements including
Structures
Systems
Services
Management
And the inter-relationships between them”
5
 Intelligent Buildings Name of Institution

What are the elements of human comfort?

Aspects of comfort include;

Personal factors,
Health and wellbeing,
Thermal comfort,
Indoor air quality,
Visual comfort,
Noise nuisance,
Ergonomics, and so on.
6
Intelligent Buildings
Name of Institution

7
 Intelligent Buildings Name of Institution

What are the elements of Thermal Dis-Comfort?

8
 Intelligent Buildings
Name of Institution

What is thermal comfort?

9
 Intelligent Buildings
Name of Institution

What is thermal comfort?

10
 Intelligent Buildings Name of Institution

Elements of thermal comfort in buildings?

11
 Intelligent Buildings Name of Institution

Measure of Comfort Indices in buildings?

- Corrected Effective Temperature (CET)

- Tropical Summer Index (TSI)

12
 Intelligent Buildings Name of Institution

Corrected Effective Temperature (CET)

- Equivalent temperature of a still saturated

environment which will produce same
effect (comfort level) as environment with
100% saturation & no air velocity under
consideration
- Desirable is 22 to 27°c in India

13
 Intelligent Buildings Name of Institution

Corrected Effective Temperature (CET)

14
 Intelligent Buildings Name of Institution

Tropical Summer Index (TSI)

Equivalent temperature of a calm air at 50%
relative humidity, which will produce the
same effect as the environment under
consideration

TSI °c = 1/3 Tw+ 3/4Td -2√v..

Where
 Tw is Wet Bulb Temperature
 Td is Dry Bulb Temperature
 V is the Wind Velocity

15
 Intelligent Buildings
Name of Institution

Tropical Summer Index (TSI)

16
 Intelligent Buildings Name of Institution

TSI Mapping on Psychometric Chart

17
 Intelligent Buildings Name of Institution

Buildings Effect Micro-Climates:

18
 Intelligent Buildings Name of Institution

Buildings Effect Micro-Climates:

Microclimates exist near Built Environments

• Brick, concrete & asphalt absorb sun’s
radiation and re-radiate that heat to the
ambient air causing heat island effect
• Tall Buildings can create wind funnel effect
• Buildings close to each other can create
shading
• Permeable surfaces absorb heat
• White colour buildings absorb heat
• Water bodies cool the local atmosphere,
• Trees & Vegetation absorb heat and provide
shade
19
 Intelligent Buildings Name of Institution

Thermal Comfort in Buildings

Building acts as a filter & moderator against

environment for providing a comfortable
internal environment for human activity

20
 Intelligent Buildings Name of Institution

Thermal Transmittance (Heat Gain/Loss)

21
 Intelligent Buildings Name of Institution

Thermal Transmittance (Heat Gain/Loss)

Heat Flow Paths in Buildings is through:

Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Ventilation
Casual Heat Gain
Mechanical
Infiltration
22
 Intelligent Buildings Name of Institution

What is the energy efficiency of a building?

“The energy efficiency of a building is the

extent to which the energy consumption per
square metre of floor area of the building
measures up to established energy
consumption benchmarks for that particular
type of building under defined climatic
conditions”

23
 Intelligent Buildings Name of Institution

Elements of Energy Efficient Intelligent Buildings

24
 Name of Institution

QUESTION HOUR

25
 Intelligent Buildings
Name of Institution

Assignment 1:
Elements of
Energy
Efficiency
in Building
Design for
the Five
Climatic
Zones of
India
26
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Intelligent Buildings Name of Institution

Assignment 1: PPT Presentation on 24.07.2019

Elements of Energy Efficiency in Building Design
for the Five Climatic Zones of India
Nature of Assignment : Group
Divide the class in 5 Groups based on 5 climatic zones of India
Study & report the Geographic & Climatic characteristics of
these zones in terms of Latitude, Longitude, Height above the
sea Level, Terrain type, Seasons, Monthly Maximum &
Minimum Temperatures, Humidity, Wind Conditions
Study the Traditional / Typical Architecture in the climatic zone
w.r.t. Layout Plan, Roof / Wall / Opening Design and Identify
the elements that provide thermal comfort.
Study & Report the locally existing construction materials and
techniques for sustainable construction.
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