9

Science
Quarter 1

Strategic Intervention Material 4

HEREDITY: INHERITANCE AND
VARIATION (CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE)
Science – Grade 9
Quarter 1, SIM 4- Heredity: Inheritance and Variation (Chromosome Structure)
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Merry Joy E. Aniga
Editor: Cheryl D. Saguid & Sheryl S. Tanguanco
Reviewer: Rosalia V. Bautista (EPS Science)
Illustrator: Merry Joy E. Aniga
Layout Artist: Merry Joy E. Aniga
Management Team: Rosalia V. Bautista (EPS Science)
Christopher P. Felipe (EPS LRMDS)

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mail Address: lrmds.davsur@deped.gov.ph

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Science
Quarter 1
Strategic Intervention Material 4
HEREDITY: INHERITANCE AND
VARIATION

(CHROM

OSOME STRUCTURE)
ii
 What’s
inside
the

booklet?

CONTENTS PAGE NUMBER

GUIIDE CARD 1 ………………………………………………………….....1

GUIDE CARD 2….………………………………………………………...…2

GUIDE CARD 3……………………………………………………………....3

GUIDE CARD 4………………………………………………………………4

ACTIVITY CARD 1……………………………………………………….…5

ACTIVITY CARD 2………………………………………………………….6

ASSESSMENT CARD……………………………………………………..…7

ENRICHMNET CARD 1……………………………………………………..8

ENRICHMNET CARD 2………………………………………………...…..9

ANSWER KEY CARD ..………………………………………………….....10

REFERENCE CARD………………..…………………………………….…11

APPENDIX…………………………………………………………………....1

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Heredity:
Inheritance and

GUIDE CARD 1 Content

Content Standard Learning

Variation

Competency

Learning Objectives

The learners demonstrate an

understanding of how genetic
 (S9LT-Id- a.
29)

Explain the different patterns of non- Differentiate the chromosome

Mendelian inheritance. structure of prokaryotes and
eukaryotes.
b. Identify the location of
chromosomes of prokaryotes and
eukaryotes inside the cell.

GUIDE CARD 2

In previous grade, you learned that Cells are the basic

unit of structure and function in living things. Cells are unique to each
type of organism. If you look at very simple organisms, you will
discover cells that have no defined nucleus (prokaryotic cells) and
other cells that have defined nucleus (eukaryotic cells). In this
booklet, you will study and focus on exploring how prokaryotic cells
differ from eukaryotic cells in terms of their chromosome structures
and location inside the cell.

Chromosomes are the things that make

organisms what
they are. They carry all of the hereditary
information used to help a cell grow, thrive, and
reproduce. Chromosomes are made up of Protein
and DNA, which contains an organism's genetic
instructions, passed down from parents. The
number of
chromosomes vary in every organism, even in
organisms of
the same species.

In this booklet, you are expected to:

a. Define chromosome, chromosome

components and its basic functions. b.
Differentiate the chromosome structure of
prokaryotes and eukaryotes. c. Identify the location of chromosomes of
prokaryotes and eukaryotes inside the cell.

GUIDE CARD 3
What is a ➢ Any of the rod-shaped or threadlike DNA
containing structures of cellular organisms that are located in
the nucleus of eukaryotes, are usually ring-shaped
chromosome?
in prokaryotes (such as bacteria), and contain all or most of
the genes of the organism. The information inside
chromosomes acts like a recipe that tells cells how to
function and replicate. Every form of life has its own unique set
of instructions, including you. Your chromosomes describe
what color eyes you have, how tall you are, and whether you're
a boy or a girl. The word "chromosome" comes from the Greek
words "chroma", meaning color, and "soma", meaning body. ➢
Parts of a chromosome:
 Source: studylib.net

There are only two major components:

PROTEIN & DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid)
What are the
components of ➢ Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled
many times around proteins that support its structure.
chromoso
mes?

What are the basic ➢ The chromosomes are responsible for containing the
functions of instructions that make the offspring unique while still
carrying traits from the parent.
chromoso ➢ The structure of chromosomes helps ensure the DNA
me? remains tightly wrapped around the proteins; otherwise, DNA
molecules would be too large for the inside of the cells.
➢ Organisms grow by undergoing cell division to produce
new cells and replace older, worn-out cells. During this cell
division, DNA must remain intact and keep its even
distribution throughout the cells. Chromosomes are
important to this process to ensure the DNA is accurately
replicated.

GUIDE CARD 4

• Found in cytoplasm • Found in nucleus

• Circular chromosome • Linear chromosome

• Single chromosome plus plasmid • Many chromosome

 • Made up of DNA and protein • Made up of DNA, histone proteins

• Copies its chromosomes and divides • Copies its chromosome, grows cell
immediately and then divides equally through
mitosis

Source:
philpoteducation.com
REMEMBER:
✓ The primary distinction between these two types of organisms is that eukaryotes have a
membrane-bound nucleus and prokaryotes do not. The nucleus is where eukaryotes store
their genetic information. In prokaryotes, DNA is bundled together in the nucleoid
region, but it is not stored within a membrane-bound nucleus.The nucleus is only one of
many membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotes. Prokaryotes, on the other hand, have no
membrane-bound organelles. Another important difference is the DNA structure.
Eukaryote DNA consists of multiple molecules of double-stranded linear DNA, while
that of prokaryotes is double-stranded and circular.

4
Prokaryotes have one chromosome consisting of a circular
DNA molecule. The circular chromosome is contained in
the cytoplasm in an area called the nucleoid. In contrast, in
eukaryotes, all of the cell's
chromosomes are stored inside a structure called the
ACTIVITY CARD 1 nucleus. It contains several linear
chromosomes. Each eukaryotic chromosome is composed
In this activity, you of DNA coiled and condensed around nuclear proteins
will compare the called histones.
chromosome
structure of
eukaryotes and
prokaryotes

Direction: Complete the table below comparing the chromosome structure of Eukaryotes and
Prokaryotes. Write your answer on the answer sheet.
 Characteristics Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

1. Number of
Chromosome
(single/many)

2. Chromosome
structure
(linear/circular)

3. Histones
(packed with
histones/ not packed
with histones)

4. Telomeres,
centromeres and
chromosomal arm
(present/absent)

5. Chromosome
Location
(cytoplasm/ Nucleus)

ACTIVITY CARD 2
Prokaryotic VS Eukaryotic

Direction: Study the structure and location of prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosome
through the pictures below. Answer the question that follows and write your answer on the
space provided.
 1. What is the chromosome structure of a prokaryotic cell? a eukaryotic cell?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

2. Where does the chromosome of a eukaryotic cell located?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

3. Where does the chromosome of a prokaryotic cell located?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

ASSESSME
NT CARD
How much did you learn today?
How about answering the following exercises?
Multiple Choice
Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
ASSESSMENT CARD 2
1. Organisms whose cells do not have a nucleus are called ____________.
a. plants b. organelles c. eukaryotes d. prokaryotes
2. A cell is observed to contain a nucleus and cytoplasm. From this information you can conclude that the
cell is:
a. a eukaryotic cell b. an organelle c. a bacterial cell d. a prokaryotic cell 3. Which of
the following is found in the nucleus?
 a. vacuoles b. chloroplasts c. mitochondria d. chromosomes 4. What type of cell has these
characteristics: contains DNA but no nucleus and contains cytoplasm. a. a eukaryotic cell b. an
organelle c. a bacterial cell d. a prokaryotic cell 5. A cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound
organelles is known as a(an) ______________ cell. a. plant b. animal c. eukaryote d. prokaryote 6.
Which of the following statements is Not True?
a. Chromosome structure of a eukaryotic cell is linear.
b. Chromosome structure of a prokaryotic cell is circular.
c. Chromosome structure of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell is linear.
d. All of the above

7. In a prokaryotic cell, chromosome is found in ___________.

a. nucleus b. cytoplasm c. ribosome d. mitochondria

8. In a eukaryotic cell, chromosome is found in ___________.

a. nucleus b. cytoplasm c. ribosome d. mitochondria

9. A components of a chromosome where sister chromatid joined together?

a. long arm b. short arm c. centromere d. telomere

10. All of the following are functions of a chromosome EXCEPT?

a. Regulates the entry and exit of materials inside the cell.
b. It is important to ensure the DNA is accurately replicated.
c. It helps ensure the DNA remains tightly wrapped around the proteins.
d. The chromosomes are responsible for containing the instructions that make the offspring unique.

ENRICHMENT CARD 1

Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if not. Write
your answer on the space provided before the number.

______1. Bacteria has a circular chromosome structure like animals.

______2. Human, Plants and animals are considered eukaryotic

organisms. ______3. The DNA of a eukaryotic cell can be found in the

nucleus. ______4. Eukaryotic cell has a linear chromosome structure.

______5. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells vary greatly in size.

______6.Eukaryotic cell has DNA that floats freely inside the cell.

______7. Organisms such as animals, fungi and bacteria are examples of

prokaryotic cell.
______8. The structure of a prokaryotic cell is not as complex as eukaryotic
cells
______9. Prokaryotic cells are group of cells that lack membrane bound
organelles.

______10. In prokaryotic cell, the chromosome copies, grows and divides

equally through mitosis

ENRICHMENT CARD 2

Direction: Label the parts of a chromosome. Choose your answer on the box
provided below.

Chromatid Telomere Centromere Long arm Short arm

 1.

2.

3.

4.

ANSWER KEY CARD

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REFERENCE CARD

PRINTED MATERIALS
EASE Module 2: Cell Structure & Function
DepEd Learners’ Material Science 9 Module 2
DepEd Teacher’s Guide Science 9 Module 2
DepEd Curriculum Guide Science 9

ELECTRONIC SOURCES
 https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Chromosomes-Fact
Sheet#:~:text=is%20a%20chromosome%3F-
,Chromosomes%20are%20thread%2Dlike%20structures%20located%20inside%20the%20nucleus
%2 0of,type%20of%20living%20creature%20unique.
https://geneticeducation.co.in/chromosome-definition-structure-function-and
classification/#:~:text=mouse%20are%20telocentric.-
,The%20function%20of%20chromosomes%3A,the%20DNA%20inside%20the
%20nucleus.&text=By %20interacting%20with%20proteins%20DNA,from%20parents%20to
%20their%20offsprings.
https://www.softschools.com/science/biology/the_function_of_chromosomes
/ https://www.slideshare.net/SanyaYaseen/chromosomes-64448325

https://www.technologynetworks.com/cell-science/articles/prokaryotes-vs-eukaryotes-what-are-the
key-differences
336095#:~:text=The%20primary%20distinction%20between%20these,and%20prokaryotic%20cells
% 20do%20not.&text=The%20nucleus%20is%20only%20one,have%20no%20membrane%2Dbound
%2 0organelles.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/chromosome
https://www.ducksters.com/science/biology/chromosomes.php

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APPENDIX
I. After doing all the activities, fill in
the needed information below. Parent/s will
submit this booklet to the teacher for the feedback and what to do next.
Name:____________________________________ Gr. & Section:______________
Teacher:__________________________________Date:_______________________

SCORE

ACTIVITY CARD 1
Im pr ov e DESCRIPTIVE RATING SCORE:
ACTIVITY CARD 2 81-100 Mastered m
51-80 Passed
en t pr
1-50 Needs
ACTIVITY CARD 3 Improvement ov
 e
m
en
ASSESSMENT CARD ________________________
t
Parent’s Signature

ENRICHMNET CARD 1 ________________________

Teacher’s Signature

ENRICHMNET CARD 2 TOTAL SCORE:

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TO GOD BE ALL
THE GLORY!
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