Answer to What is the noun ellipsis ?

1, When Susan brings her dog, Sam brings his dog too. - N-ellipsis introduced by

possessive

2, Jill likes your story even though she hates Bill's story. - N-ellipsis introduced by

possessive -s

3, Because you bought two donuts, I bought three donuts. - N-ellipsis introduced by

cardinal number

4, I caught the first train before you caught the second train. - N-ellipsis introduced

by ordinal number

5, Some school kids like syntax, and some school kids don't. - N-ellipsis introduced by

a quantifier

6, Each student was helped so that each student would understand. - N-ellipsis

introduced by a quantifier

7, The set of elements that can introduce N-ellipsis in English is limited. Similar
quantificational elements, for instance, cannot introduce N-ellipsis:

8, No school kid likes syntax, and no school kid likes semantics. - Failed attempt to

introduce N-ellipsis with no

9, Every student was helped, so that every student would understand. - Failed attempt

to introduce N-ellipsis with every

10, Because he did the first two problems, she is going to do that last three.

11, Even though he skipped one task, he did do the rest of the tasks. - N-ellipsis

preceding its "antecedent"

12, I will read your first long draft on gapping from last semester if you read
my second  long draft on gapping from last semester.

3, 3, What are the ellipted words and phrases?

 1, [You] pass me that book.
2, Her hair is light, her eyes [are] dark blue.
3, Some of the strangers spoke French, others [spoke] Spanish.
4, Some of the patriots were armed with old flintlocks, others [were armed] with
swords, still others [were armed] with pitchforks.
5, When [he was] a youth, he travelled in the East.
6, Though [he is] timid, he is no coward.
7, They were amused, though [they were] somewhat vexed.
8, While [we were] drifting downstream, we grounded on a sand bar.
9, If [it is] possible, send me word to-night.
10, You shall have the money this week, if [it is] necessary.
11, They marched slowly as if [they were] worn out.
12, Why [are] these tears?
13, Why [are you] so dejected?
14, He was ten years of age, his brother [was] eight [years of age].
15, I have more confidence in James than [I have] in Edmund.
16, Mary is younger than George [is young].
17, Tom likes you better than [he likes] me.
18, You like him better than I do [like him].
29, I like him better than Charles does [like him].
20, This racket is not so heavy as that [is heavy].
21, You are not so old as I [am old].
22, Peace [be] to his memory!
23, This is the only pencil [that] I have.
24, Is that the boy [whom] you hired yesterday?
25, They say [that] you are going to Europe soon.

26, Move Forward, You are brave companions!

27, Kneel Down on your knees!
28, Stand Up, guards, and look at them!

4, What are the various ellipses in the following sentences?

1. Although.......... in a friendly country, they marched always as if in a land of

enemies. --- clausal
2. The aspect of the country was as wild and dreary as the
climate......------.verbal

3. Do not......... serious and earnest men discuss Hamlet as they would .........
Cromwell or Lincoln?—LOWELL---------verbal

4. Not ........... so with the others. --------- verbal

5. Though ...........rather shy and distrustful of this new acquaintance, Rip

complied with his usual alacrity. --------- clausal

6. Arras was famed for its rich tapestries, Brussels .....for its carpets,
Cambrai....... for its fine cambric, Lisle ..........for its thread and the fabrics......
woven from it. -------- verbal

7. Every day brings its task, which, if......... neglected, is doubled on the
morrow.--- verbal

8. It is not easy to recover an art when once........... lost. --------- Verbal

9. I wish you would go down ........... with me to Newstead. ---- nominal

10. The men are all soldiers, and war............ and the chase ............. their sole
occupation.------ clausal

11. While............. in this state of irresolution, she was startled by a low knock.
----- clausal

12. The house was tall, the skylight ........... small and dirty, the day ...........
blind with fog. --------- verbal

13. I ............. little thought you would have deserted me. ----------- verbal

14. He is the best Oriental scholar I know...........----------- nominal

15. Cromwell was evidently laying, though ....................in an irregular manner,
the foundations of an admirable system. --------- clausal

16. He was a foot taller than I.............------ verbal

17. This........... concerns you rather than me. ------ nominal

18. My father loved Sir Rowland as his soul............ .--------- verbal

5, Examples of Substitution
Yes and No
We often use the words yes and no instead of long sequences of other words.
These are clausal substitutions as they are replacing whole clauses:

A: Do you know what you want to watch on TV tonight?

B: Yes. (= I know what I want to watch on TV tonight)

Here and There

We use words such as here and there as substitution in English grammar to
replace details about place. In other words, to replace adverbials of place:

 John asked me to go for dinner at Toni's Italian, but I didn't want to

go there as it's so busy at the weekend.
 I'm so glad I moved to Australia. I hope you'll visit me here one day. 

Then and At That Time

In order to replace details about time (adverbials of time), we use words such
as then and at that time: 

 He suggested we go at 5pm but I did not want to go then.

 I prefer going abroad at Christmas time and my friends like to go at that
time of year as well.

One, Ones, and The Same

These are often called nominal substitutions as they are replacing nouns in a
sentence:

 Both courses look good, so I'm not sure which one to choose.

 We've finished this crossword puzzle. Do you want to start
another one?
 Don't buy those shoes - I think you can find some better ones.
 He wants the beef burger with cheese, and I think I'll have the same.

Do
This is often referred to as a verbal substitution as it is an auxiliary verb used
to replace verbs or verb phrases: 

 I'm sure you'll get home before I do.

We also sometimes combine do with so and the same to make a substitution:

 He's been exercising every day. You should do the same.

 Olivia likes pancakes and so does Jane.

So or Not
These two words are commonly used to replace clauses, and they are
therefore clausal substitutions. 

A: Do you think John will pass his driving test first time?

B: No, I don't think so 

OR

B: I think not

This and That

We use this and that for substitution in English grammar in order to refer to
longer pieces of text that can't usually be related to a specific part of the
sentence as in the examples above.

They would be classed as clausal substitutions as they are replacing whole

clauses:
 There is inflation and rising unemployment in the country. This/That is
going to cause problems for the government in the elections. 
 She didn't even bother to thank me, and that's why I won't help her
again.