INTRO 1 Phonetics & Phonology Week 2

PHONEMES
● A phoneme is ………………..…….. of sound which can distinguish two …….……… .
● Can phonemes be subdivided? ……………………
● Minimal pairs are ………………………….. that differ only by …….. phoneme in identical/ unlike
environment.
● Each phoneme is meaningful/ meaningless in isolation.
● Phonemes are abstract/ concrete units.

ALLOPHONES
● Allophones are the …………….. of phonemes that ocl,ucur in ……………… .
● The way a phoneme s pronounced is conditioned by the ………………… around it or by its position
in the word.

Phoneme Allophones
abstract/ concrete
Substitute one for another will
………………….………. ………………….……….
result in a ….

Symbols

Phonemic symbols Phonetic symbols

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Transcription

Phonemic transcription Phonetic transcription

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Prepared by Vu Minh Huyen – ULIS
INTRO 1 Phonetics & Phonology Week 2

SYLLABLE STRUCTURE
● A syllable is
…………………………...
………………………………………...
………………………………………...

STRESS
● An extra force exerted on a particular syllable or a particular word in spoken language.
● The stressed syllable or word is said with greater energy, and stands out in a word, phrase
or sentence.
● Word stress vs. Sentence stress:

● Two approaches to study stress: from the production and perception points of view.

● Levels of stress:

● Functions of stress:

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Prepared by Vu Minh Huyen – ULIS
INTRO 1 Phonetics & Phonology Week 2
INTONATION
● Intonation is the ………………………………………………….
● Features:
o
o
o

TONE GROUP
● A tone group is the part of a sentence over which a ………………..…. pattern extends.
● In a tone group, a single syllable that stands out as it carries …………………….. is called the
………………………… .

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Prepared by Vu Minh Huyen – ULIS