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The National Safety Council (NSC) reports that 75 percent of workplace accidentsfollow at least
one near miss event. This stark fact shows exactly how important it is to report a close call and
to follow up that report with a hazard resolution. 

However, sometimes, even seasoned QHSE professionals need help to distinguish whether an
occurrence is a near miss incident, an accident or simply a hazard. Hopefully, this article about
near miss reporting examples will aid your decision making and help keep your reporting
accurate.

Contents    hide table of content  

1  What is a Near Miss?
2  18 Near Miss Examples
2.1  Slips and Trips
2.2  Narrow Escapes
2.3  Fall Risks
2.4  Risky Behavior
2.5  Hazard Communication
2.6  Equipment Operation and Maintenance
3  How Do You Write a Near Miss Report?
4  What is a Near Miss Reporting System?
5  How to Get Employees to Report Near Misses
6  Conclusion
7  Helpful links

What is a Near Miss? 

The definition of a near miss per OSHA is a situation “in which a worker might have been hurt if
the circumstances had been slightly different.” The root cause of this could be the equipment
being in an unsafe condition, an employee committing an unsafe act or any other close call that
happens in the workplace. 

A good rule of thumb is that the unsafe equipment or act is the hazard or “safety concern”, and
the incident it causes is the near miss. If there is an injury, illness or damage as a result of
the hazard, that is an incident and should be reported as such. 

For example…

a burned out lightbulb leading to dimly lit conditions in an area, that is a hazard. If a worker trips over
If no one changes
something because they couldn’t see properly, but is uninjured, that is a near miss accident. If they trip and twist their
ankle, that is a safety incident. 

The concept behind the near miss report is that it flags the hazard, which the QHSE team can
then remedy before it leads to an incident. 
18 Near Miss Examples
There are a plethora of types of near miss examples. Workers in construction, for instance, can
find themselves involved in narrow escapes or near collisions. But the near misses they are
likely to experience are different than those manufacturing workers need to watch out for. 

That being said, here are 18 different kinds of near misses in the workplace (examples):

Slips and Trips

A faulty air conditioning unit leaks condensation onto a surface and causes an employee to
slip as they walk by. 
Spilled ball bearings are left in a workway of a manufacturing plant, leading to a slip.
A firefighting hose is left uncoiled and a firefighter trips as they rush to board another fire
truck. 

Narrow Escapes

An unsecured door on a ship swings open in rough seas, almost striking someone who leaps
out of the way. 
A heavy box falls from a high shelf in a factory and lands close to an employee on the
ground.
An electrical worker nearly begins work on cabling but realises just in time that an exposed
wire is still live.

Fall Risks
 A decorator uses an upturned bucket rather than a stepladder to reach the top of a window.
The bucket buckles and he has to grab a fixture to keep himself steady.   
A worker on a roof slips before she connects to her anchor. She holds on to the chimney to
prevent herself from falling.
An employee on scaffolding drops an item on a rope to a co-worker below, who has to lean
out to reach it, unbalancing himself in the process.

Risky Behavior

An employee operates heavy machinery while medicated on drugs that make him drowsy. 
An electrician attempts to quickly rewire an appliance without isolating the power first. 
Co-workers race forklift trucks in a warehouse, narrowly avoiding clipping a rack as they take
a tight corner. 

Hazard Communication

Workers handle hazardous chemicals without proper PPE due to the lack of a warning label
on the container. 
Vehicles almost collide due to road warning signs being obscured by an overgrown hedge. 
No warning is given about the need to wear ear protectors in a noisy environment and
workers enter the area without taking precautions. 

Equipment Operation and Maintenance

An employee uses machinery for which they have not received the required training. 
A worker attempts to drill a wall without first checking for pipes and wires.
A tree surgeon tries to remove debris from the teeth of a chainsaw without ensuring they
have disconnected it from the power source. 

How Do You Write a Near Miss Report? 

Every business needs to provide its employees with a near miss reporting form that allows them
to disclose what happened and when. There is no set layout for this form, but you should think
about what information you require to help you deal with the hazard that caused the near miss. 

At the very least, the person writing the report should detail where the close call took place,
when it occured and what happened. The more detail, the better for helping to ensure the
hazard does not lead to an accident further down the line. Here is a table to what you need on
your near miss form and what to add in to increase its value:

Essential on Near Miss Report Additional Value

Date Photos and Videos

Time Suggestions for Remedy

Location Option For Anonymity

 Nature of the Near Miss

Details of the Near Miss

What Was the Potential Outcome?  

The Oklahoma State University near miss safety form features the majority of the above and is
a good near miss report form template from which to create your own detailed accounts.

What is a Near Miss Reporting System?

A near miss reporting system provides employees with a clear pathway for informing the
relevant people of close calls in the workplace. If there is a simple and effective strategy for
reporting a near miss accident as soon as it happens, you can set to work fixing the problem
before it leads to a workplace safety incident.

It could be as simple as a requirement to fill in a paper form every time there is a near miss and
pass it on to a superior. Some businesses ask employees to complete an online form, and
others use specialised near miss software and apps. 

Whatever system you use, the important elements are that your reports are delivered in good
time, informative and acted on swiftly. Technically, you do not need a near miss reporting
system for OSHA compliance.

“OSHA strongly encourages employers to investigate all

incidents in which a worker was hurt, as well as close calls
(sometimes called “near misses”)”

It’s the employer’s responsibility, though, to,

“Provide a workplace free from serious recognized hazards

and comply with standards, rules and regulations issued
under the OSH Act.”

Even if there is no official OSHA near miss requirement, having a system in place identifies
these hazards and can prevent accidents occurring, so it is definitely recommended. 

How to Get Employees to Report Near Misses

One of the issues with getting employees to report near misses is that they can sometimes
worry about being punished for holding up jobs or dropping a colleague in trouble. In addition, if
their actions led to near miss accidents at work, they might prefer to keep quiet, rather than
admit their role in the hazard. Of course, this could be disastrous for the company and for them
or their co-workers. 

This means that businesses must focus on improving their safety culture so that near miss
reporting is seen as a necessity. It should be encouraged at every opportunity and be shown to
be the norm rather than something to be concerned about. 

Allowing workers to file near miss safety reports anonymously is one option for encouraging
them to come forward. Another is implementing a near miss reporting incentive program. You
could hand out rewards for near miss reports, keep a points tally with prizes for the highest
scorers or even place reporters into a draw to win something substantial at the end of the
financial year. 

These incentives show that the business encourages reports and values the contribution of staff
to help create a safe workplace.  

Additional information: Near Miss Reporting System Guide by NSC

Conclusion
The importance of reporting near misses cannot be underestimated. The only thing
stopping these events turning into future accidents resulting in bodily harm or damage
is… luck. 

Although you are not obligated to employ a near miss system, it makes sense to
implement one and encourage workers to use it. It doesn’t matter which industry you
work in — the 18 near miss reporting examples featured here show that there are
hazards across all sectors. Ensuring your staff spot hazards and that safety
professionals remedy them as soon as possible is in everyone’s best interest.