Measures of

Central Tendency
We will start in a few minutes
Measures of Central Tendency
✓are statistics we can
calculate if we want to
represent a group of data by
a single value

✓this value may also be

referred to as the expected
or the most likely value

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

UNGROUPED DATA
✓are those data which are
not yet organized or arranged
into frequency distribution

GROUPED DATA
✓are those data organized
and summarized in the form
of frequency distribution

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

 MEAN
✓ the most common measure of central
tendency
✓ it is also known as AVERAGE
FORMULA:
σ 𝑥𝑖 Where:
𝑥ҧ = x = an observed value
𝑁 N = the number of the data
set
Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao
 What is the mean quiz score of a
group of 18 students whose quiz
are:
E 80, 74, 81, 76, 84, 83, 81, 75,
X 76, 82, 87,88, 75, 77, 75, 74, 75
A & 88.
M SOLUTION:
P σ 𝑥𝑖 80 + 74 + ⋯ + 88
L 𝑥ҧ = =
E
𝑁 18
𝑥ҧ = 79.5
Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao
 WEIGHTED MEAN
✓ it considers the proper weights assigned to
the observed values according to their
relative importance
FORMULA:
Where:
σ 𝑤𝑖 𝑥𝑖 w = weight of each item
𝑥ҧ𝑤 =
𝑤 x = value of each item

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

 1) A man bought 10liters of premium
gasoline at 11.50 pesos per liter, 12 liters at
12.01 pesos per liter and 21 liters at 11.78
E pesos per liter from the different gasoline
stations. Find the average price per liter.
X
SOLUTION:
A σ 𝑤𝑖 𝑥𝑖
𝑥ҧ𝑤 =
M 𝑤
P 𝑥ҧ𝑤 =
10 11.50 + 12 12.01 + 21(11.78)
10 + 12 + 21
L
E 𝑥ҧ𝑤 = 11.78 𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑠/𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

 2) Solve for the weighted mean and
interpret the result of the given data
below.
E 5 4 3 2 1
Statement Strongly Agree Uncertain Disagree Strongly
X Statistics is a
Agree Disagree

A very difficult
but a 42 27 18 11 9
M challenging
P subject.
L 𝑥ҧ𝑤 =
42 5 + 27 4 + 18 3 + 11 2 + 9(1)
42 + 27 + 18 + 11 + 9
E
𝑥ҧ𝑤 = 3.77
Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao
 Range of
Response Verbal
Rating Computed
(Description) Interpretation
Scale Value
E Very
Strongly
X 5 4.20 – 5.00
Agree
Strongly
Acceptable

A 4 3.40 – 4.19 Agree

Strongly
Acceptable
M 3 2.60 – 3.39 Uncertain
Moderately
Acceptable
P Least
2 1.80 – 2.59 Disagree
L Acceptable
Strongly Never
E 1 1.00 – 1.79
Disagree Acceptable

Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao

E
X
✓
A ✓ 4.33
✓
M ✓
P ✓
✓ 4.0
L ✓
✓
E ✓
✓ 3.67
✓
Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao
 MEDIAN
✓ it is the middle value in the distribution
arranged in array
EXAMPLE: Find the median of the following.
1) 16, 14, 15, 13 & 12 2) 5, 6, 8, 12, 13, 15
Solution: Solution:
Array 8 + 12
12, 13, 14, 15,16 𝑥෤ =
2
𝑥෤ = 14 𝑥෤ = 10
 MODE
✓ it is the value of the variable that occurs most
frequently in a set of measurements or values

UNIMODAL – a distribution with only one mode

BIMODAL – are data with two values for the mode
MULTIMODAL – are data with three or more values
for the mode
NO MODE – a distribution with no values for the
mode
Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao
 DATA SET A:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
E 𝑥ො = 𝑛𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒
X DATA SET B:
A 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9, 10
M 𝑥ො = 2 UNIMODAL
P
DATA SET C:
L 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 9,
E 10
𝑥ො = 2, 4 & 7 MULTIMODAL
Ms. Stephanie T. Gozano-Quiambao