Faculty of Geology and Petroleum Engineering

Structural Geology and Geological Mapping (SG&GM)

|GEOPET|

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What is the Structural Geology?
 Structural geology is the study of the three-dimensional distribution of rock
units with respect to their deformational histories
 Structural geology is a critical part of engineering geology, which is
concerned with the physical and mechanical properties of natural rocks

Originally horizontal strata deformed due to stress. 3

What are the goals of Structural Geology?

 The primary goal of structural geology is to use measurements of present-

day rock geometries to uncover information about the history of
deformation (strain) in the rocks, and ultimately, to understand the stress
field that resulted in the observed strain and geometries
 This understanding of the dynamics of the stress field can be linked to
important events in the geologic past; a common goal is to understand the
structural evolution of a particular area with respect to regionally widespread
patterns of rock deformation (e.g., mountain building, rifting) due to plate
tectonics.
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Structural Geology links to Petroleum and Geology ?
The study of geologic structures has been of prime importance in economic
geology, both petroleum geology, mining geology, and geological engineering.

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An open pit uranium mine in Namibia
Structural Geology links to Petroleum and Geology ?
In Petroleum Engineering,
Folded and faulted rock strata commonly form traps that accumulate and
concentrate fluids such as petroleum and natural gas.

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Structural Geology links to Petroleum and Geology ?

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Structural Geology links to Petroleum and Geology ?
In Mining Engineering,
Similarly, faulted and structurally complex areas are notable as permeable zones
for hydrothermal fluids, resulting in concentrated areas of base and precious
metal ore deposits. Deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, and other metals,
are commonly located in structurally complex areas.

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Structural Geology links to Petroleum and Geology ?

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Structural Geology links to Petroleum and Geology ?
In Geological Engineering,
Structural fabrics and defects such as faults, folds, foliations and joints are
internal weaknesses of rocks which may affect the stability of human engineered
structures such as dams, road cuts, open pit mines and underground mines or
road tunnels.

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Structural Geology links to Petroleum and Geology ?

TBM pass through Structural geology 11

 Part 1:
Structural Geology (SG)

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Part 1: Structural geology
< 1/8. Geosite & Map >

Geosite Map

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Part 1: Structural geology
< 2/8. Stress and strain >
Force => Stress In Wellbore

Breakout
Breakout Rotation
Rotation

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Part 1: Structural geology
< 3/8. Fold >
Fold features Geophysis prediction

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Part 1: Structural geology
< 4/8. Fault>
Fault types Fault interpretation

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Part 1: Structural geology
< 5/8. Unconformity >
Unconformity Welllog interpretation

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 Part 2:
Geological Mapping (GM)

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Part 2: Geological Mapping
< 6/8 Orientation of Geological Structure >

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Part 2: Geological Mapping
< 7/8 Diagram Making >
Rose Diagram

Strike Dip direction Dip

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Part 2: Geological Mapping
< 8/8. Geological Cross-section Making >

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 Part 3:
Fieldtrip

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Part 3: Fieldtrip
< Preparation >

• Map
• Geo. compass
• Notebook
• Camera
• Pencil
• HCl 2%
• Sample
• Hammer

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Part 3: Fieldtrip
< Fieldtrip >

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Part 3: Fieldtrip
< Final Report >

Cover page Uni. name + Subject + Group + Name list + date…

Preface Purpose/Aim + Task + Expectation
Acknowledgement
List to do Role + Name
Table of contents
List of Figure Figure 1, Figure 2
List of Table Table 1, Table 2 Format
Chapter 1; 1.1; 1.1.1 ||| Chapter 2
A4 page
Left = 3cm, Top = Bottom = Right = 2cm
Conclusion Spacing, 6pt
References [1] [2] [3]… 13 Time new roman, 25
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