5 To 8

September 25
Grades 5
to 8 2018
HIGHER ORDER QUESTIONS FOR GRADES 5 TO
8 FROM FREE ONLINE RESOURCES OF USA, MATHEMATICS
CANADA.
1
INDEX
INDEX
No Name of the topic Page
1 Introduction 2-6
2 Integers 7 - 42
3 Number sense 43 - 48
4 Leap year problems 49 - 51
5 Exponents 52 - 65
6 Ratio 66 - 75
7 Fractions 76 – 101
8 Decimals 102 - 110
9 Percentage 111 – 127
10 Squares and square roots 128 - 139
11 Algebra 140 - 158
12 Linear equations 159 - 168
13 Angles 169 – 195
14 Isosceles triangles 196 - 218
15 Pythagoras Theorem 219 – 232
16 Circles 233 – 235
17 Mensuration 236 – 273
18 Pie Charts, Bar Diagrams 274 - 282
Acknowledgement:
1. American Mathematical Competitions (AMC 8, 10 A, B, 12 A, B and AMIE)
artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=AMC_10_Problems_and_Solutions
2. Canadian Mathematical Competitions (Pascal, Gauss, Euclid,…)
http://www.cemc.uwaterloo.ca/contests/past_contests.html
3. Online resources from CEMC- University of Waterloo
4. Mathematical Assessment Project
http://map.mathshell.org/lessons.php
5. Geometric sketchpad
www.kargadi.weebly.com
2
PROPERTIES OF REAL NUMBERS
For all real numbers a, b and c
1. Axioms of equality
Reflexive axiom a=a
Symmetric axiom If a = b, then b = a
Transitive axiom If a = b and b = c, then a = c.
2. Properties of Addition
Associative axiom (a +b) + c = a + (b +c)
Some non-associative phrases
a) He is in the high (school building).
He is in the (high school) building.
b) They went into the dark (green house).

They went into the (dark green) house.
c) They don‟t know how good (meat tastes).
They don‟t know how (good meat) tastes.
Howard W. Eves, Mathematical Circles, Volume III, Degree 319, page 133
Commutative axiom a +b = b + a
Identity axiom a + 0 = a = 0 + a
Inverse axiom a + (– a) = 0 = (– a) + a
Addition property of equality If a = b, then a + c = b + c
Subtraction property of equality If a = b, then a –c = b –c
3
3. Properties of multiplication
Associative axiom (a b)c = a (b c)
Commutative axiom a b =b a
Identity axiom a 1 = a = 1 a
1 1
Inverse axiom If a  0 , then a  =1=  a
a a
Multiplication property of equality If a = b, then a c = b c
a b
Division property of equality If c  0 then 
c c
4. Distributive Axiom
A (B +C) = A B + A C
Cost of school uniform:
Shirt: Dh.20
Trouser: Dh.30
Suppose you buy 3 pairs.
Total cost: 3  (cost of one set of shirt and trouser)
3  (20 + 30) = 150
Total cost: ( 3  cost of one shirt) +( 3  cost of one trouser)
Either way you compute
3  20 + 3  30 = 60 + 90 = 150
3 is distributed as a multiplier of each term of the sum of 20 + 30.
3  (20 + 30) = 3  20 +3  30
4
4x8
7x8
3x8
( 4 x 8 ) + ( 3 x 8 ) = (4 + 3) 8 = 7 x 8
1. SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
A number written in the scientific notation has the form
a  10n
where 1  a  10 and n is an integer.
2. PROPERTIES OF INTEGER EXPONENTS
If m and n are integers and a and b are real numbers we have the
following:
i) Product Rule a m a n  a mn
n
ii) Power of a Power Rule  a m   a mn
 
 
iii) Power of a Product Rule abm  a mb m

a
m
am
iv) Power of a Quotient Rule    , b0
b b m
am
v) Quotient Rule  am  n
n
a
5
vi) Zero Exponent Rule a 0  1, a0

1
vii) Negative Exponent Rule a m  , a0
m
a
A PROOF THAT (–) (–) = (+)
Imagine a town where good people are moving in and out and bad people are
also moving in and out. Obviously, a good person is + and a bad person is –.
Equally obvious, moving in is + and moving out is –. Still further, it is evident
that a good person moving into town is a + for the town; a good person leaving
town is a –; a bad person moving into town is a –; a bad person leaving town is
a +.
moving in ( + ) moving out ( –)
Good person (+) + _
Bad person (–) – +
Howard W. Eves, Mathematical Circles, Volume III, page 132
Proof of ( –1) ( –1) = 1

( –1) ( –1) = ( –1) ( –1) + 0 Identity
= ( –1) ( –1) + 0 (1) Property of zero
= ( –1) ( –1) + ( –1+ 1) ( 1) Law of inverse

6
= ( –1) ( –1) + ( –1) ( 1) + (1) (1) Distributive law
= ( –1) ( –1) + ( –1) ( 1) + (1) (1)
= ( –1) ( –1+ 1) + 1 Distributive law
= ( –1) ( 0 ) + 1 Law of inverse
=0+1 Property of zero
=1 Identity
AGNESI TO ZENO , 1996 Key Curriculum Press, Page 58
Enemy of an enemy is a friend.

Watch:
http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLm5lRxt1rE
7
INTEGERS
1. This question is done for you.
a) This figure represents + 2
b) This figure also represents + 2.
c) In the following figure 5 positive charges are crossed out. Hence we took
away +5 from +2.
Therefore the following figure represents (+2) – (+5) = –3
8
Before crossing out the charges represented (+5) + (–3) = 2. From + 2, we
removed 5 positive charges. Hence it represents –3.
2. Why is this „4‟?
4
3. How much is this?
4. Show three more ways of making 3.
i) ………………………………………………
ii) ………………………………………………
iii) ………………………………………………
9
5. Can you make 3 using 11 charges (positive and negative)?
…………………………………………………………
6. Write calculations for the following figures.
i)
…………………………………………………..
ii)
……………………………………………………………….
10
iii)
………………………………………………………………………
iv)
This is done for you.
(–5) + (+2) = (–3)
11
v)
……………………………………………………….
vi)
………………………………………………………………
viii)
………………………………………………………
12
ix)
………………………………………………………………….
x)
………………………………………………………………
xi)
………………………………………………………
xii)
13
……………………………………………………………..
7. Draw charges for the following calculations:
i) (+2) – (+ 5) = (–3)
ii) (+2) – (– 5) = (+7)
iii) (– 2) – (– 5) = (+3)
iv) (– 2) – (+5) = (–7)
v) (+5) – (–2) = (+7)
vi) (– 5) – (+2 ) = (–7)
8. Draw charges for
i) (+5) – (+2)
ii) (+5) + (–2)
9. 10B – 2004(1): Each row of the Misty Moon Amphitheater has 33 seats.
Rows 12 through 22 are reserved for a youth club. How many seats are
14
reserved for this club?
A) 297 B) 330 C) 363 D) 396 E) 726
10. During the week, the Toronto Stock Exchange made following gains and
losses:
Monday –150 Tuesday +106
Wednesday –47 Thursday + 182
Friday –210
What was the net change for the week?
A) a loss of 119 B) a gain of 119
C) a gain of 91 D) a loss of 91
E) a gain of 695
11. The value of 11  3 (5  2) is
A) 24 B) 2 C) –2 D) 38 E) –5
12. The value of 12  6  3 2 1 is
A) 15 B) 11 C) 35 D) 12 E) 14
15
13. –7 equals
A) 16 – 9 B) (3  4)(3  4) C) (4  3)(4  3)
D) –4 + 11 E) 49
14. A student using a calculator mistakenly multiplies by 10 instead of dividing
by 10. The incorrect answer on display is 600. The correct answer is
A) 0.6 B) 6 C) 60 D) 6000 E) 60,000
15. The value of 12  4 (3  7) is
A) 28 B) –28 C) 4 D) –4 E) –64
16. The value of 12 13 is
A) 0 B) 2 C) –2 D) 1 E) –1
17. If x  2 and y  3 , the value of  x 2  ( y) 2 is
A) 5 B) –5 C)13 D) –13 E)1
18. 7 11 is same as
A) 11 – 7 B) 11 + (–7 ) C) –11 – (– 7)
D) –7 + 11 E) 7 –(–11)
19. Veronica is flying from Paris to Vancouver. The temperature is 22 C in
Paris and the temperature drops by 33o C in Vancouver, the temperature of
16
Vancouver is
A) –33o C B) –11o C C) 11o C
D) 33o C E) –55o C
20.  5  (11) is equal to
A) –6 B) 6 C) –16 D) 16
21.  10  (25) is equal to
A) –35 B) 35 C) –15 D)15
22. Dizzy the indecisive rabbit is sitting by his favorite tree stump when he
hears a dog barking nearby. In a panic, he runs 1 m to the right, then turns
around and runs 3 m to the left, then turns around and runs 5 m to the right,
then 7 m left,... If he continues to run in this pattern how far he will be from
the stump when he makes his 10th turn?
A) 9 m to the left of the stump B) 9 m to the right of the stump
C) 10 m to the left of the stump D) 9 m to the right of the stump.
23. The value of 490 – 491 + 492 – 493+ 494 – 495 +… – 509 + 510 is
A) 500 B) –10 C) –11
D) 499 E) 510
17
24. If six is subtracted from N, the result is 4N. The value of N is
1 1
A) 2 B) –2 C) D)  E) –9
2 2
25. Two numbers have a sum of 32. If one of the numbers is –36, what is the
other number?
A) 68 B) –4 C) 4 D) 72 E) –68
26. The smallest number among the numbers 0, –17, 4, 3 , –2 is
A) 0 B) –17 C) 4 D) 3 E) –2
27. What is the value of (1)5  (1) 4
A) –2 B) –1 C) 0 D) 1 E) 2
28. Evaluate:  50   48   46      54  56
A) 156 B) 10 C)56 D)110 E) 162
29. (6 □ 3) + 4 – (2 – 1) = 5. To make this statement true, the mark □ between
6 and 3 should be replaced by
A)  B)  C) + D) – E) None of these
30. CMC:The people of Evenland never use odd digits. Instead of counting 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, an Evenlander counts 2, 4, 6, 8, 20, 22. What is an
18
Evenlander‟s version of the integer 111?
A) 822 B) 828 C) 840 D) 842 E) 824
31. The 5 digit number 5228□ is a multiple of 6. Which digit is represented by
□?
A) 0 B) 3 C) 4 D) 6 E) 8
32. Two three digit integers ABC and DEF , have the following property.
None of A, B, C, D, E or F is zero. What is A  B  C  D  E  F ?
ABC
+ DEF
1000
A) 10 B) 19 C) 21 D) 28 E) 30
33. A rectangle is divided into four smaller rectangles. The areas of these
rectangles are 6, 15 and 25, as shown. The area of the shaded rectangle is
6 15
25
19
A) 7 B) 15 C)12 D)16 E) 10
Fermat- 2002(7). Hint: Factorize. Use distributive law.
34. In each hour of running, Bill Rodgers uses up 600 calories. In 1980 he won
the Boston Marathon in 2 hours and 12 minutes. The number of calories he
burned while running the race in this time was
A) 1440 B) 1320 C)1272
D)1212 E)1140
35. The sum of the digits of an even ten digit integer is 89. The last digit is
A) 0 B) 2 C) 4 D) 6 E) 8
36. Ivan trained for a cross-country meet.
On Monday, he ran a certain distance.
On Tuesday, he ran twice as far as he ran on Monday.
On Wednesday, he ran half as far as he ran on Tuesday.
On Thursday, he ran half as far as he ran on Wednesday.
On Friday, he ran twice as far as he ran on Thursday.
If the shortest distance that he ran on any of the five days is 5 km, how far
did he run in total?
A) 55 km B) 25 km C) 27.5 km
20
D) 17.5 km E) 50 km
37. George subtracted 5 from a number and then divided by 4. Next, he
subtracted 4 from the original number and then divided by 5. He got the
same final answer both times. The original number was
A) 4 B) 15 C) 9 D) 20 E) –9
38. If 7:30 a.m. was 16 minutes ago, in how many minutes will it be 8:00a.m.?
A)12 B) 14 C) 16 D) 24 E) 46
39. Evaluate: 20  (2010  201)  201 (2010  20)
40. 10 A – 2011(4): Let
X  10 12 14 16  . . . 100 and
Y  12 14 16  . . . 102 . What is Y  X ?
A) 92 B) 98 C) 100 D) 102 E) 112
41. 111 21 31 41  9 19  29  39  49=
A) 150 B) 199 C) 200 D) 249 E) 250
21
42. What is 100100  3  100100  3 ?
A) –20,000 B) –10,000 C) –297
D) –6 E) 0
43. When placing each of the digits 2, 4, 5, 6, 9 in exactly one of the boxes of
this subtraction problem, what is the smallest difference that is possible?
____________________
A) 58 B) 123 C) 149 D) 171 E) 176
1
44. Many calculators have a reciprocal key that replaces the current number
x
displayed with its reciprocal. For example, if the display is 4 and the key
1
is pressed, then the display becomes 0.25 . If 32 is currently displayed,
x
1
what is the fewest number of times you must depress so that the display
x
again reads 32 ?
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
22
45. 1990 – 1980 + 1970 – 1960 + … –20 + 10 =
A) –990 B) –10 C) 990
D) 1000 E) 1990
46. 281 83  85  87  89  91 93  95  97  99 
A) 1600 B) 1650 C) 1700 D) 1750 E) 1800
47. For any positive integer n, n define to be the sum of the positive factors of
n. For example 6 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 6 = 12. Find 11 .
A) 13 B) 20 C) 24 D) 28 E) 30
48. When three different numbers from the set { –3, –2, –1, 4, 5} are
multiplied, the largest possible product is
A) 10 B) 20 C) 30 D) 40 E) 60
49. 12B – 2011(4): In multiplying two positive integers a and b, Ron reversed
the digits of the two-digit number a. His erroneous product was 161. What
is the correct value of product of a and b.
A) 116 B) 161 C) 204 D)214 E) 224
50. 10A – 1996 (1): The addition below is incorrect. What is the largest digit
that can be changed to make addition correct?
23
641
852
973
____________________
2456
A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7 E) 8
51. What is the difference between the sum of first 2003 even counting
numbers and the sum of the first 2003 odd counting numbers?
A) 0 B) 1 C)2
D)2003 E) 4006
52. 12B – 2009(6): By inserting parentheses, it is possible to give the
expression
23  45
several values. How many different values can be obtained?
A) 2 B)3 C) 4 D) 5 E) 6
53. 12B – 2002(1): The arithmetic mean of the nine numbers in the set {9, 99,
999, 9999,…, 999999999} is a 9-digit number M, all of whose digits are
24
distinct. The number does not contain the digit
A) 0 B) 2 C) 4 D) 6 E) 8
54. The product of the two 99-digit numbers
303,030,303,…,030,303 and 505,050,505,…,050,505
has a thousand digit A and units digit B. What is the sum of A and B?
A) 3 B) 5 C) 6 D)8 E) 10
55. How many 7 digit palindromes (numbers that read the same backward as
forward) can be formed using the digits 2, 2, 3, 3, 5, 5, 5?
A) 6 B) 12 C) 24 D) 36 E) 48
56. The number of positive integers which divide 2004 to leave a remainder of
24 is
a) 36 b) 20 c) 22 d) 21 e) 34
57. 46 AHSME – 1995(13): The addition below is incorrect. The display can
be made correct by changing one digit d, wherever it occurs, to another
digit e. Find the sum of d and e.
25
7 4 2 5 8 6
+ 8 2 9 4 3 0
1 2 1 2 0 1 6
A) 4 B) 6 C) 8
D) 10 E) more than 10.
58. 10B – 2013(5): Positive integers a and b are each less than 6. What is the
smallest possible value for 2  a  a  b ?
A) –20 B) –15 C) –10 D)0 E) 2
59. In how many ways can 47 be written as the sum of two primes?
A) 0 B) 1 C) 2
D) 3 E) more than 3
60. What is the smallest sum of two 3-digit numbers that can be obtained by
placing each of the six digits 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 in one of the six boxes in this
addition problem?
____________
26
A) 947 B) 1037 C) 1047
D) 1056 E) 1245
61. A list of 8 numbers is formed by beginning with two given numbers. Each
new number in the list is the product of the two previous numbers. Find the
first number if the last three are shown:
___. ___. ___. ___. ___. 16 , 64 , 1024
1 1
A) B) C) 1 D) 2 E) 4
64 4
62. Six trees are equally placed along one side of straight road. The distance
from 1st to 4th is 60 feet. What is the distance between the first and the last
tree?
63. How many whole numbers between 1 and 1000 do not contain the digit 1?
A) 512 B) 648 C) 720
D) 728 E) 800
64. In the product shown, B is a digit. The value of B is
B 2  7 B = 6396
27
A) 3 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7 E) 8
65. The letters A, B, C and D all represent different digits. If
AB AB
+CA –C A
DA A
what digit does D represent?
A) 5 B) 6 C) 7 D) 8 E) 9
66. Connie multiplies a number by 2 and gets 60 as her answer. However, she
should have divided the number by 2 to get the correct answer. What is the
correct answer?
A) 7.5 B) 15 C) 30 D) 120 E) 240
67. How many three-digit numbers are divisible by 13?
A) 7 B) 67 C) 69 D) 76 E)77
68. A contest began at noon one day and ended 1000 minutes later. At what
time did the contest end?
A) 10: 00 p.m. B) midnight C) 2: 30 a.m.
28
D) 4: 40 a.m. E) 6: 40 a.m.
69. 12A -06 (8): How many sets of two or more consecutive positive integers
have a sum of 15?
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
70. A large rectangle is partitioned in to 4 rectangles by two segments parallel
to its sides. The areas of three of the resulting rectangles are shown. What
is the area of the fourth rectangle?
6 14
35
A) 10 B) 15 C) 20 D) 21 E) 25
Hint: Factorize. Use distributive law.
71. 9876 + A32 + B1 =
If A and B are non-zero digits, then the number of digits (not necessarily
different) in the sum of the three whole numbers is
29
A) 4 B) 5 C) 6
D) 9 E) depends on the values of A and B
72. 12A – 2006(4): A digital watch displays hours and minutes with AM and
PM. What is the largest possible sum of the digits in the display?
A) 17 B) 19 C) 21 D) 22 E) 23
73. 10A – 2002(15): The digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7and 9 are used to form four
two-digit prime numbers, with each digit used exactly once. What is the
sum of these four primes?
A) 150 B) 160 C) 170 D) 180 E)190
74. The sum of the digits of an even ten digit integer is 89. The last digit is
A) 0 B) 2 C) 4 D) 6 E) 8
75. George subtracted 5 from a number and then divided by 4. Next, he
subtracted 4 from the original number and then divided by 5. He got the
same final answer both times. The original number was
A) 4 B) 15 C) 9 D) 20 E) –9
76. (6 □ 3) + 4 – (2 – 1) = 5. To make this statement true, the mark □ between
6 and 3 should be replaced by
A)  B)  C) + D) – E) None of these
30
77. 12A-11, 10A-11: In the 8 –term sequence A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, the value
of C is 5 and the sum of any three consecutive terms is 30. What is A + H?
(A) 17 (B)18 (C) 25 (D) 26 (E) 43
78. 41 AHSME(15) BOOK VI : Four whole numbers, when added three at a
time, give the sums 180, 197, 208 and 222.What is the largest of the four
numbers
A) 77 B) 83 C) 89
D) cannot be determined from the given information. E) 95
79. 10A – 2009(5): What is the sum of the digits of the square of 111,111,111?
A) 18 B) 27 C) 45 D) 63 E) 81
80. 10 – 2001(22): In the magic square shown, the sums of the numbers in each
row, column, and diagonal are the same. Five of these numbers are
represented by v, w, x, y and z. Find y + z.
v 24 w
18 x y
25 z 21
A)43 B) 44 C) 45 D) 46 E) 47
31
81. AIME- 96(1): In a magic square, the sum of the 3 entries in any row,
column or diagonal is the same. Find x.
x 19 96
82. 12B – 2002(11), also 10 B (15): The positive numbers A, B, A – B and
A + B are all prime numbers. The sum of the 4 prime numbers is
A) even B) divisible by 3 C) divisible by 5
D) divisible by 7 E) prime
83. BOOK 3: The three-digit number 2A3 is added to the number 326 to give
the three digit number 5B9. If 5B9 is divisible by 9, then A + B equals:
A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8 E)9
84. Which of the following numbers has the largest reciprocal?
1 2
A) B) C) 1 D) 5 E) 1986
3 5
32
85. Evaluate:  50   48   46      54  56
A) 156 B) 10 C)56 D)110 E) 162
86. The number N is between 9 and 17. The average of 6, 10 and N could be
A) 8 B) 10 C) 12 D) 14 E) 16
87. A certain calculator has only two keys  1and  2 . When you press one of
the keys, the calculator automatically displays the result. For instance, if
the calculator originally displayed “9” and you pressed  1 , it would
display “10.” If you then pressed  2, it would display “20.” Starting with
the display “1,” what is the fewest number of keystrokes you would need to
reach “200”?
A) 8 B) 9 C) 10 D) 11 E) 11
88. Kiana has two older twin brothers. The product of their three ages is 128.
What is the sum of their three ages?
A) 10 B) 12 C) 16 D) 18 E) 24
89. A standard six-sided die is rolled, and P is the product of the five numbers
that are visible. What is the largest number that is certain to divide P?
A) 6 B) 12 C) 24 D) 144 E) 720
33
90. How many 3-digit positive integers have digits whose product equals 24?
A) 12 B) 15 C) 18 D) 21 E) 24
91. How many whole numbers between 100 and 400 contain the digit 2?
A) 100 B) 120 C) 138 D) 140 E) 148
92. 2011(8) - 5: What time was it 2011 minutes after the after the beginning of
January 1, 2011?
A) January 1 at 9: 31PM B) January 1 at 11: 51PM
C) January 2 at 3: 11 AM D) January 2 at 9: 31AM
E) January 2 at 6: 01PM
93. 8 - 1985(23): King Middle School has 1200 students. Each student takes 5
classes a day. Each teacher teaches 4 classes. Each class has 30 students
and 1 teacher. How many teachers are there at King Middle School?
A) 30 B) 32 C) 40 D) 45 E) 50
94. 2011(8) - 24: In how many ways can 10,001 be written as the sum of two
primes?
A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 4
95. 10A – 2000(11): Two different prime numbers between 4 and 18 are
chosen. When their sum is subtracted from their product, which of the
34
following numbers could be obtained?
A) 21 B)60 C) 119 D)180 E)231
96. Simplify: 1 – 2 (– 3 ( –4 ) )
97. Simplify: – ( – (– (– (–1) ) ) )
98. Here are two subtraction questions:
400 4ab
ab4 400
The answers to the two subtractions are the same. What are a and b?
99. Several students are seated at a large circular table. They pass around a bag
containing 100 pieces of candy. Each person receives the bag, takes one
piece of the candy and then passes the bag to the next person. If Chris takes
the first and the last piece of candy, then the number of students at the table
could be
A) 10 B) 11 C) 19 D) 20 E) 25
100. A box contains gold coins. If the coins are equally divided among six
people, four coins are left over. If the coins are equally divided among 5
people, three coins are left over. If the box holds the smallest number of
35
coins that meets these two conditions, how many coins are left when
equally divided among seven people?
A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E)5
101. 8 -2016(21): The 7-digit numbers 74A52B1 and 326AB4C are each
multiples of 3. Which of the following could be the value of C.
A) 1 B)2 C)3 D) 5 E) 8
102. Without counting one by one, find how many squares are there in the
colored portion?
This problem from a video lesson of the teacher Mrs. Cathy. She was teaching V grade. At the end of
lesson the class was exploring 3 dimension.
36
We can get the same answer in six different ways. Write the six answers
with complete explanation.
Answer 1:
Answer 2:
Answer 3:
Answer 4:
Answer 5:
Answer 6:
If the border had i) 6 squares ii) n squares
what will the above six answers be?
37
Acknowledgement:
http://map.mathshell.org/lessons.php
Teacher guide, Page 4
TEMPERATURE CHANGES
Temperature Change = Final temperature – Initial Temperature
Example:
LONDON BEIJING
+13°C -5° C
If you fly from London to Beijing, what is the change in temperature?
Temperature Change = (–5o C) – (+13o C) = –18o C
103. If you fly from Vancouver to Paris, what is the change in temperature?
38
PARIS
VANCOUVER
+22°C
- 11° C
Temperature Change = ( __o C) – ( __o C) = ___o C
104. If you fly from Washington to New Orleans, what is the change in
temperature?
WASHINGTON NEW ORLEANS
+20°C +10°C
Answer:____________
105. If you fly from Washington to Las Vegas, what is the change in
temperature?
LAS VEGAS WASHINGTON

+20°C +20°C
39
106. If you fly from Fairbanks to Anchorage, what is the change in temperature?
FAIRBANKS ANCHORAGE
-25°C -10°C
Answer:____________
107. If you fly from Honolulu to New York, the temperature change is –30o C.
What is the temperature in New York?
NEW YORK
HONOLULU
°
x -30°C +25°C
Answer:____________
108. If you fly from Detroit to Honolulu, the temperature change is +15 o C.
What is the temperature in Honolulu?
40
DETROIT HONOLULU
+10°C +15°C x°
109. If you fly from Las Vegas to to Fairbanks, the temperature change is
–45o C. What is the temperature in Las Vegas?
FAIRBANKS LAS VEGAS

-25°C -45°C
x°
Answer:____________
110. If you fly from Anchorage to New York, the temperature change is +5o C.
What is the temperature in New York?
41
ANCHORAGE NEW YORK

-10°C +5°C x°
Answer:____________
111. If you fly from London to Madrid, the temperature change is +7o C. What
is the temperature in Madrid?
LONDON MADRID
+8° C +7°C ?
Answer:____________
112. If you fly from Berlin to Tromso, the temperature change is –12 o C.
What is the temperature in Berlin?
42
TROMSO
BERLIN
-12°C -7°C
?
Answer:____________
113. If you fly from Tromso to London, what is the change in temperature?
TROMSO LONDON
-7°C ? +8° C
Answer:____________
43
NUMBER SENSE
For each problem, select an appropriate number to complete each blank.
When you have finished, read the story to be sure it makes sense. Each
number should be used once.
1. Use these numbers to complete the story: 215, 9, 5, 611, 55.
Laura‟s teacher recently bought a new car. It could seat _________ people
in comfort. The engine had ______ horsepower. The gas tank held
__________ litres of gasoline and took ________ litres to drive 100 km.
With full tank, she could drive __________ km.
2. Use these numbers to complete the story: 5, 10, 15, 2.1, 35.
Kim‟s ________ speed bicycle weighs _________ kg, and is _________ m
long. Kim weighs _________ kg, and can pedal at a speed of
________km/h.
44
3. Use these numbers to complete the story:
5000, 2.25, 14, 65000000, 11.
Tyrannosaurus Rex lived more than _______ years ago. This dinosaur
stood up to ______ m tall, and weighed about ______ kg. It gained most of
its weight over a four year period, starting around age ______________.
Each T. Rex gained about ____________ kg per day during this time.
4. Use these numbers to complete the story: 8.75, 12, 3200, 267
One of the largest hotels in the world is the Hotel Rossiya in Moscow, just
across the road from the Kremlin. The hotel has __________ floors and
_________ rooms, for an average of about ________ rooms per floor. It
would take you _________ years to spend one night in each room.
12, 747, 4, 500, 900, 112200.
A Boeing ___________ jet can travel at _________ 4 km/h. It has _______
jet engines, and can carry ______ L of fuel. For the convenience of its
45
_______ passengers, it has _________ wash rooms.
1.4 6 14 140 225
4.5, 8.5, 114, 160, 500.
The Siberian tiger is very rare. Only about _______ exist in the world, so
when a Siberian tiger cub was born at a zoo in Colorado, the zoo keepers
were very happy. However, the cub was very small and weighed only
_____ kg. His mother weighed ______ kg and his father weighed
__________ kg.
The baby tiger, named T.J., was weighed again at _________ weeks old,
when he weighed ________ kg. At 10 weeks old, he weighed almost 6 kg.
Then his mother died suddenly, and T.J. had to be fed by hand. At first he
ate hardly anything and by _________ weeks old, he weighed only
________ kg. When he finally began eating, he gained weight rapidly.
When he was 2 years old, he moved to a zoo in Montana. By then he
weighed _______ kg. Two years later he weighed _________ kg. He now
46
weighed more than his father!
7. Use the numbers 2, 3, 6, 8, 33, 35, 85 to fill in the blanks in the
story.
Bev and Mike have three children, John, Jennifer, and Robin. Mike is the
oldest member of the family, age ________ years. Robin is _________
times old as Jennifer, who is _________ years old. John is ________ years
old, Robin is ________ years old, and their Mummy is ________ years old.
The sum of all their ages is ________ years.
8. The problems below have many blanks. Your job is to find a reasonable
number to put in the blanks marked with round brackets – e.g., (___).
You may have to go to the store to check prices or look in a cookbook to
find what is needed to make cupcakes or do some measuring to complete
the blanks.
When all the blanks are filled, and then calculate answers to put in the
square brackets.
One day, Mr. Cook‟s class decided to have a barbecue. There were (___)
students in the class and each one wanted (____) hot dogs. Wieners cost (
47
$ ___ ) for a package of ( ___ ) wieners; hotdog rolls cost( $ _ ) for a
package of ( ___ ) rolls. The class decided that they needed to buy (___)
packages of wieners and (___) packages of rolls. This would cost the
[$____] for wieners and [$____] for rolls for a total of [$ ____]. Each
student should pay [$ ____] for hotdogs.
9. Each student also wanted (___) glasses of fruit juice. One litre of juice will
give (___) glasses, so the class had to buy [____] litres at (___) per litre.
The orange juice would cost [$ ____], so each student should pay [$ ____]
for juice.
10. Carlo‟s mother, who runs a bakery, agrees to help the class make cupcakes.
It took (___) egg(s) and (___) cups of flour to make one dozen cupcakes.
The class wanted (___) cupcakes, so they decided to make (___) dozen.
They needed [____] eggs and [____] cups of flour. One kilogram of flour
contains (___) cups, so the needed [____] kg. One dozen eggs cost ($____)
so the eggs they needed cost [$ ___]. Altogether the eggs and flour cost [$
____], so each student would have to pay
[$ ____] for cupcakes.
11. The total each student paid was [$ ___]. They had a really good party.
48
12. a) Tommy has a problem. He knows the numbers below form an equation
if he inserts „+‟ and „-„signs, and uses two adjacent digits together, in order,
to form a two-digit number. Help Tommy make the equation true by
inserting „+‟ and „-„signs, and deciding which two adjacent digits to
combine.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 = 100
b) Solve the with the digits in reverse order:
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 = 100
49
LEAP YEAR PROBLEMS
1. 12B- 10 (4): A month with 31 days has the same number of Mondays and
Wednesdays. How many of the seven days of the week could be the first
day of the month?
A) 2 B)3 C) 4 D) 5 E) 6
2. 10A -10 (10): Mervin had a birth day on Tuesday, May 27 in the leap year
2008. In what year will his birthday next fall on a Sunday?
A) 2011 B) 2012 C) 2013
D) 2015 E) 2017
3. Leap Day, February 29, 2004 occurred on a Sunday. On what day of the
week will Leap Day, February 29, 2020, occur?
A) Tuesday B) Wednesday C) Thursday
D) Friday E)Saturday
4. In a certain year, January had exactly four Tuesdays and four Saturdays.
On what day did January 1 fall that year?
A) Monday B) Tuesday C) Wednesday
D) Friday E) Saturday
50
5. Chris‟ birthday is on a Thursday this year. What day of the week will it be
60 days after her birthday?
A) Monday B) Wednesday C) Thursday
D) Friday E) Saturday
th
6. If February is a month that contains Friday the 13 , what day of the week is
February 1?
A) Sunday B) Monday C) Wednesday
D) Thursday E) Saturday
7. 12A - 2012(9): A year is a leap year if and only if the year number is
divisible by 400(such as 2000) or is divisible by 4 but not by 100 (such as
2012). The 200th anniversary of the birth of novelist Charles Dickens was
celebrated on February 7, 2012, a Tuesday. On what day of the week was
Dickens born?
A) Friday B) Saturday C)Sunday
D) Monday E) Tuesday
8. 8 - 2002 (5): Carlos Montado was born on Saturday, November 9, 2002.
On what day of the week will Carlos be 706 days old?
51
A)Monday B) Wednesday C) Friday
D) Saturday E) Sunday
9. PC- 2000(19): The year 2000 is a leap year. The year 2100 is not a leap
year. The following are the complete rules for determining a leap year.
i) Year Y is not a leap year if Y is not divisible by 4.
ii) Year Y is a leap year if Y is divisible by 4 but not by 100.
iii) Year Y is not a leap year if Y is divisible by 100 but not by 400.
iv) Year Y is a leap year if Y is divisible by 400.
How many leap years will there be from the years 2000 to 3000 inclusive?
A)240 B) 242 C)243 D) 244 E)251
52
EXPONENTS
 2003   2002 
4  3 
1. The value of    is
 2002   2003 
6  2 
  
A)1 B) 2 C) 12 D) 4 E) 1
2
1 2 2002 2003
2. 1  22  2 3      2 2003  22004 is equal to
2 2 2 2 2
A) 1002 B) 501 C) 1
2 2004
D) 2004 E) 2004
2 2004
3. When expanded the number of zeros in 100010 is.
A)13 B)30 C) 4 D) 10 E)1000
4. If 1.2 106 is doubled, what is the result?
A) 2.4 10 6 B) 2.4 1012 C) 2.4 103
D) 1.2 1012 E) 0.6 1012
5. If 10 x –10 = 9990, then x is equal to
A) 3 B) 5 C) 4 D) 6 E) 9
53
6. If  103  10 x   2 1018 , the value of x is

A)2 B) 12 C) 6 D) 1 E) 3
7. The total number of pairs (a, b) of integers which satisfy the equation
a b  64 is
A)3 B) 5 C) 8 D) 6 E) 7
28
8. The value of is
2
8
1
A) 16 B) 8 C) 4 D) E) 2
4
9. 23  2 2  33  32 is equal to
A) 65 B) 66 C) 610 D) 3610 E) 3636
10. BOOK VI : 66  66  66  66  66  66 =
6 7 6 36 36
A) 6 B) 6 C) 36 D) 6 D) 36
1530
11. 44AHSME(3): =
15
45
15 2
1 1
A)   B)   C) 1 D) 315 E) 515
   
 3  3
54
810  410
12. 44AHSME(6): =
8 4
4 11
A) 2 B)16 C) 32
2
D) 12 3 E)512.5
13. 45AHSME(1): 4 4  9 4  49  99 =
A) 1313 B) 1336 C) 3613 D) 3636 E) 1296 26
14. BOOK 5: The number of digits in 416 525 is
A) 31 B) 30 C) 29 D) 28 E) 27
2014  2 2012
15. 12A – 13(4): What is the value of 2 ?
22014  22012
5
A) –1 B) 1 C) D) 2013 E) 44024
3
16. What is (1)1  (1) 2      (1) 2006 ?
A) –2006 B) –1 C) 0 D) 1 E) 2006
17. In the expression c  a b  d , the values of a, b, c and d are 0, 1, 2, and 3,
although not necessarily in that order. What is the maximum possible value
of the result?
A) 5 B) 6 C) 8 D) 9 E) 10
55
18. Let
U  2 20042005 V  20042005
W  2003 20042004 X  2 20042004
Y  20042004 Z  20042003 .
Which of the following is the largest?
A) U – V B) V – W
C) W – X D) X – Y
E) Y – Z
19. 12A- 09(6): Suppose that P  2m and Q  3n . Which of the following is
equal to (12) mn for every pair of integers (m, n)?
A) P 2Q B) P n Q m C) P nQ 2m
D) P 2mQ n E) P 2nQ m
20. 10B – 2008(3): Express in the index form: 3

x x
1 1 3 1
A) x6 B) x4 C) x 8 D) x2 E) x
3
21. 10A – 2003(9): Simplify: x3 x3 x x
3 27 81
A) x B) x2 C) x2 D)
54 x E) x 80
56
22. 10 A – 1998(5): If 21998  21997  21996  21995  k  21995 , what is the value of k?
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
3 3
23. 10 A – 1998(7): If N > 1, then N N 3
N =
1 1 1 13
A) N 27
B) N 9
C) N 3
D) N 27
E) N
y
x yx
24. BOOK VI : If x > y > 0, then =
y x
y x
x y
y
x 
A) ( x  y) x B)  

C) 1
y 
y x x

x 
D)  E) ( x  y) y

y 

25. 10B – 2002(14): The number 2564  64 25 is the square of a positive integer
N. In decimal representation, the sum of the digits of N is
A) 7 B) 14 C) 21 D) 28 E) 35
26. 8 – 2010(24): What is the correct ordering of three numbers108 , 512 and
2 24 ? (Very good problem. One 8th grade student found the answer in 3 steps)
A) 2 24 < 108 < 512 B) 2 24 < 512 < 108
57
C) 512 < 2 24 < 108 D) 108 < 512 < 2 24
E) 108 < 2 24 < 512
27. 8 – 2000(14): What is the unit digit of1919  9999 ?
A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 8 E) 9
28. 10 A – 1999(6): What is the sum of the digits of the decimal form of the
product 21999  52001 ?
A) 2 B) 4 C) 5 D) 7 E) 10
29. 1971(14): The number 2 48  1 is exactly divisible by two numbers between
60 and 70.These numbers are
A) 61, 63 B) 61, 65 C) 63, 65
D) 63, 67 E) 67, 69
30. 1959(5): The value of 2560.16 2560.09 is
A) 4 B) 16 C) 64 D) 256.25 E) –16
31. What non-zero real value for x satisfies 7 x 14  14 x 7
1 2
A) B) C) 1 D) 7 E) 14
7 7
32. BOOK VI: AHSME43If a, b and c are positive integers and a and b are
odd, then 3a  (b 1) 2 c is

58
A) Odd for all choices of c
B) Even for all choices of c
C) odd if c is even; even if c is odd
D) odd if c is odd; even if c is even
E) odd if c is not a multiple of 3; even if c is a multiple of 3.
33. When n  72011 is expressed as an integer, what are the last two digits?
34. If10 x 105  1004 , what is the value of x?
4
A)1 B)35 C) 11 D) E)3
5
n
35. For how many integers n is 72 3  equal to an integer?
2
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 E) 6
36. If x and y are positive integers with 3 x 5 y  225 , then x  y equals
A)7 B) 4 C) 5 D)3 E) 8
37. 8 – 2011(17): Let w, x, y, and z, be whole numbers. If 2 w  3 x  5 y  7 z  588 ,
then what does 2w  3x  5 y  7 z equal?
A)21 B)25 C) 27 D) 35 E) 56
59
38. 12B – 2004(3): If x and y are positive integers for which 2 x 3 y = 1296, what
is the value of x y ?
A) 8 B) 9 C) 10 D) 11 E)12
39. 1968(2): The real value of x such that 64 x 1 divided by 4 x 1 equals 256 2 x
is:
2 1 1 3
A)  B)  C) 0 D) E)
3 3 4 8
40. 8 -1971(7): 2  (2k 1)  2  (2k 1)  2  2k is equal to
A) 2  2k B) 2  (2k 1) C)  2  (2k 1)
D)0 E) 2
1000
41. 1984(1): equals
2522  2482
1
A)62,500 B)1000 C) 500 D) 250 E)
2
42. 1951(20): When simplified and expressed with negative exponents, the
expression ( x  y) 1( x 1  y 1) is equal to
A) ( x  2  2 x 1 y 1  y  2 ) B) x  2  2 1 x 1 y 1  y  2
60
C) x 1 y 1 D) x  2  y  2
1
E)
x 1 y 1
43. 1952(7): When simplified, ( x 1  y 1) 1 is equal to
xy
A) ( x  y) B) C) xy
( x  y)
1 x y
D) E)
xy xy
1
44. 42AHSME(3):  41  31  =
 
1
A) – 12 B) – 1 C) D)1 E) 12
12
45. 42AHSME(6): If x  0 , then x x x =
8 8 8
A) x x B) x 4 x C) x D) x3 E) x7
46. AMC – 2000 (2) : 2000 20002000  =

 
A) 20002001 B) 40002000 C) 20004000
D) 4,000,0002000 E) 20004,000 ,000
47. If 2 x  16 , then 2 x  3 is
A) 19 B) 48 C) 22 D)128 E) 2048
61
48. If 512 x  64240 , then x equals
A) 80 B) 30 C) 360 D)160 E) 237
49. If10 2 y  25 , find the value of10 y .
50. If  2 4   36   9  6 x  , what is the value of x?

    
A)2 B)3 C)4 D) 216 E) 8
51. If 4 n  64 2 , then n equals
A) 3 B) 5 C) 6 D) 8 E) 12
52. 10A – 2016(2): For what values of x does10 x 102 x  1000 5 ?
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
53. 8 -2013(15): If
3 p  34  90
2 r  44  76
53  6 s  1421
what is the product of p, r, and s?
A) 27 B) 40 C) 50 D) 70 E) 90
54. 10A- 2016(2): For what value of x does10 x 102 x  10005 ?
A)1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
62
1
1 1 1 
55. 10A- 2014(1): What is10      ?
 2 5 10 
25 170
A) 3 B) 8 C) D) E)170
2 3
1
56. 10A – 2015(1): What is the value of  20 1  52  0   5 ?
 
1 5
A) –125 B) –120 C) D) E) 25
5 24
21  20  2 1
57. Page 26. Q 4: equals
2 3 4
2 2 2
31
A) 6 B) 8 C) D) 24 E) 512
2
58. Page 9. Q 12: The number of real values of x that satisfy the equation
 6 x  3  3x  6   4 x  5 
2  4   8  is
    
A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) greater than 3
x y
4x 9
59. Page 9. Q 16: If  8 and  243, x and y real numbers, then xy
x y 5y
2 3
equals:
12
A) B) 4 C) 6 D) 12 E) –4
5
63
2 n  4  2 2 n 
60. Page 14, Q 24:   when simplified is:
2 2 n  3 
 
A) 2n 1  1 B)  2 n 1 C) 1  2 n
8
7 7
D) E)
8 4
1
 1  0  1 
0  4
61. Page 30, Q 6: The value of 

 a 
 


 64 2 32 5
 16   16a 
A) 113 B) 1 3 C) 1
16 16
7 1
D) E)
8 16
62. Page 43, Q 8: If 8  2 x  5 y  8 , then, y = –8, x =
A)–4 B) –3 C) 0 D) 4 E) 8
1
63. Page 56, Q 1: The value of 2  3(2  3) 1  is :
 
A) 5 B) –5 C) 1 D) – 1 E) 5
5 5 3
64
2
 1  3
64. Page 1, Q 1: When simplified  becomes :
 
 125 
A) 1 B) – 1 C)25
25 25
D) –25 E) 25 1
4 y 1
1
65. Page 16, Q 1: The expression is equal to:
1 1
5 3
4 y 1 15
A) B) 8 C)
8 2
15 1
D) E)
8 8
66. Page 16, Q 4: If 8 x = 32, then x equals:
5 3 3 1
A)4 B) C) D) D)
3 2 5 4
  2 
67. Page 38, Q 3: The expression 81  2  has the same value as:
1 1
A) B) C) 3
81 3
D) 81 D) 814
65
68. BOOK 4: Find the sum of the squares of all real numbers satisfying the
equation x 256  25632 = 0.
A) 8 B) 128 C) 512 D) 65,536 E) 2 25632 

 
69. BOOK V - Page 15. Q 15 : If a and b are positive numbers such that
a b  b a and b  9a , then the value of a is
1
A) 9 B) C) 9 9 D) 3 9 E) 4 3
9
66
RATIO
1. In the diagram, the rectangle has a width of x, a length of 8 and a perimeter
of 24. What is the ratio of its width to its length?
A) 1 : 4 B) 1 : 3 C) 1:2 D) 3 : 8 E)2:3
2. There are 270 students at Colfax middle School, where the ratio of boys to
girls is 5: 4. There are 180 students at Winthrop Middle School, where the
ratio of boys to girls is 4: 5. The two schools hold a dance and all students
from both schools attend. What fraction of the students at the dance are
girls?
7 7 22 1 23
A) B) C) D) E)
18 15 45 2 45
3. In figure, what is the ratio of the area of the blue squares to the area of the
white squares?
67
A) 3 : 10 B) 3 : 8 C) 3:7
D) 3 : 5 E) 1:1
4. There are 400 students at St. Mary‟s School where the ratio of boys to girls
is 3: 2. There are 600 students in St. Stephen‟s School, where the ratio of
boys to girls is 2: 3.When considering all the students from both the
schools, what is the ratio of boys to girls?
A) 2 : 3 B) 12 : 13 C) 1 : 1 D)6:5 E) 3 : 2
5. The ratio of boys to girls in Mr. Brown‟s math class is 2: 3. If there are 30
students in the class, how many more girls than boys are in the class?
A) 1 B)3 C) 5 D) 6 E) 10
68
6. What is the ratio of shaded region to un-shaded?
0
4 8
A) 1:24 B) 1: 7 C)1: 8 D) 1:2 E) 1 : 8
7. If the pattern in the diagram continues, what is the ratio of shaded triangles
to un-shaded triangles in the eighth triangle?
A) 3 : 5 B) 5: 22 C) 7: 9 D) 9 :7 E)11 : 34
8. The ratio of the number of games won to the number of games lost (no ties)
by the Middle School Middies is 11: 4. If all together 45 games were
played, how many games did the team lose?
A) 12 B) 15 C) 16 D)33 D) 20
69
9. On a map, 12-centimeter length represents 72 kilometer. How many
kilometers does a 17-centimeter length represent?
A) 6 B) 102 C) 204 D) 864 E) 1224
10. At a car dealership, for every 4 sports cars sold, 7 sedans are sold. The
dealership predicts that it will sell 28 sports cars next month. How many
sedans does it expect to sell?
A) 7 B) 32 C) 35 D) 49 E) 112
11. Rachelle uses 3 pounds of meat to make 8 hamburgers for her family. How
many pounds of meat does she need to make 24 hamburgers for a
neighborhood picnic?
A) 6 B) 7 C) 5 D) 8 E) 9
12. At Webster High School, the ratio of boys to girls writing Math‟s
Olympiad is 3: 7. If there are 21 boys writing the Olympiad, what is the
total number of students writing?
A) 30 B) 25 C)49 D)70 E) 79
13. At a math conference, the following exchange rates are used:
1 Calculator = 100 rulers
10 rulers = 30 compasses
70
25 compasses = 50 protractors
How many protractors are equivalent to 1 calculator?
A) 400 B)600 C)300 D)500 E) 200
2 4
14. At Olympic High School, of the VII Grade and of the VIII Grade took
5 5
a Math‟s Test. The number of VII grader and VIII grader contestants was
the same. Which of the following must be true?
A) There are five times as many VIII graders as VII graders.
B) There are twice as many VIII graders as VII graders.
C) There are as many VII graders as VIII graders.
D) There are twice as many VII graders as VIII graders.
E) There are five times as many VII graders as VIII graders.
15. There are 2 girls and 6 boys playing a game. How many additional girls
must join the game so that 5 of the players are girls?

8
A) 6 B) 3 C) 5 D) 8 E)7
16. Four points are on a line segment, as shown. If AB : BC = 1 : 2 and
BC : CD = 8 : 5, then AB : BD equals
71
A D
B C
A) 4 : 13 B) 1 : 13 C) 1:7
D) 3 : 13 E) 4:17
17. Angela and Barry share a piece of land. The ratio of the area of Angela‟s
portion to the area of Barry‟s portion is 3: 2. They each grow corn and peas
on their piece of land. The entire piece of land is covered by corn and peas
in the ratio 7: 3. On Angel‟s portion of the land, the ratio of corn to peas is
4: 1. What is the ratio of corn to peas for Barry‟s portion?
A) 11 : 9 B) 2 : 3 C) 3:2
D) 3 : 7 E) 1:4
Hint: Take total land = 100 square meters
18. What fraction of the area of rectangle ABCD is the area of the shaded
square?
72
A 5 B
3 1
1
D C
A) 1 B) 1 C) 1 D) 1 E) 1
15 8 10 4 12
19. Three cans of a juice fill 2 of a one-liter jug. How many cans juice are
3
needed to completely fill 8 one liter jugs?
A) 36 B) 12 C) 8 D)16 E) 24
20. If a tap drips at the rate of 3 drops every 5 seconds, how many drops will
fall in one minute?
A)60 B) 15 C)180 D)12 E) 36
21. Xavier, Yolanda, and Zixuan have a total of $50. The ratio of the amount
Xavier has to the total amount Yolanda and Zixuan have is 3: 2. Yolanda
has $4 more than Zixuan. How much does Zixuan have?
A)$16 B) $8 C)$14 D) $13 E) $30
73
22. On Monday, Ramya read 1 of a 300 page novel. On Tuesday, she read 4
5 15
of the remaining pages. How many pages did she read in total on Monday
and Tuesday?
A)124 B) 60 C) 252 D)80 E) 64
23. A rectangle is divided into two vertical strips of equal width. The strip on
the left is divided into three equal parts and the strip on the right is divided
into four equal parts. Parts of the rectangle are then shaded as shown. What
fraction of the original rectangle is shaded?
A) 3 B) 2 C) 4 D) 7 E) 7
5 7 7 6 12
24. A recipe requires 25 ml of butter to be used along with 125 ml of sugar. If
1000ml of sugar is used, how much butter would be required?
74
A) 100 mL B) 500 mL C) 200 Ml
D) 3 liters E) 400 Ml
25. A small foreign car uses 12 liters of gas to make a 144 km trip. The number
of liters of gas required by this car to travel 336 km would be
A) 84 B) 28 C) 21 D) 18 E) 112
2
26. 12A- 08(3): Suppose that of 10 bananas are worth as much as 8 oranges.
3
1
How many oranges are worth as much as of 5 bananas?
2
5 7
A) 2 B) C) 3 D) E) 4
2 2
27. One can holds 12 ounces of soda. What is the minimum number of cans
needed to provide a gallon (128 ounces) of soda?
A) 7 B) 8 C) 9 D) 10 E) 11
28. Charmaine and Tesha each have a number of cards, in the ratio 2: 3. Tesha
and Holly have a number of cards, in the ratio 2: 1. If Tesha has 4 more
cards than Charmaine, how many cards does Holly have? (Joe Boaler. How to
learn math)
29. If Jo takes 3 hours to paint a house and Sam takes 5 hours, how long do
they take if they paint it together? (Joe Boaler. How to learn math)
75
30. The ratio of the number of girls to the number of boys in a class of 24
students is 3: 5. How many fewer girls than boys are in the class
A) 2 B) 4 C) 5 D)6 E) 8
31. Vino is a winemaker. One day he filled a 45 liter container with wine. He
removed 9 liters of wine and replaced it with 9 liters of water. Next he
removed 9 liters of the mixture and replaced it with 9 liters of water.
Determine the ratio of wine to water in Vino‟s final mixture.
32. One scoop of fish food can feed 8 gold fish. How many goldfish can 4
scoops of fish food feed?
A) 12 B) 16 C) 8 D) 64 E) 32
33. 2009(8) – 21: Andy and Bethany have a rectangular array of number with
40 rows and 75 columns. Andy adds the numbers in each row. The average
of his 40 sums is A. Bethany adds the numbers in each column. The
average of her 75 sums is B. What is the value of A ?

B
A) 64 B) 8 C) 1 D) 15 E) 225
225 15 8 64
76
FRACTIONS
2 4
=
3 6
1. Find the missing numbers:
2 ? 1 ?
= =
3 9 4 16
77
2. Which is greater?
1 OR
1
4 2
3. How many are needed to make a ?
1
 2 =?
3
This is from Mrs. Cathy Davis class.
78
4. Write what fraction of the rectangle is shaded:
a) Answer =
b) Answer =
c) Answer =
d) Answer =
79
e) Answer =
f) Answer =
g) Answer =
80
h) Answer =
5. Write the fraction of the point the arrow is pointing at:
a) Answer =
1
8
0 1
81
b) Answer =
0 1
c) Answer =
0 1
d) Answer =
0 1
82
e) Answer =
0 1
f) Answer =
0 1
g) Answer =
0 1
83
5  6  3 4
1. The value of is
63
A) 1 B) 2 C) 6 D) 12 E) 31
1 1
2. When of 15 is multiplied by of 10, the answer is
4 3
25 85 99 25
A) 5 B) C) D) E)
2 12 8 7
2 1
3. A small island has of its surface covered by forest and of the
5 4
remainder of its surface by sand dunes. The island also has 90 hectares
covered by farm land. If the island is made up of only forest, sand dunes
and farm land, what is the total area of the island?
A) 163 B) 120 C) 200 D) 138 E) 257
4. Which of the following is not equal to 18 ?

5
A) 36 B) 1 6  3 C) 18  1 D)3.6 E) 7.2
10 5 5 1 2
1 1 1
5. The fractions , and are to be added. What is their lowest common
9 4 18
denominator?
A) 648 B) 162 C) 72 D) 36 E) 18
84
200  10
6. What is the value of
20  10
A) 2 B) 10 C) 1 D) 11 E) 7
1 1
7. If x  12 , then x equals
3 4
A) 1 B) 16 C) 9 D) 144 E) 64
8. The value of
5  1 is
8 16
A) larger than 3 B) larger than 3 C) larger than

5
4 5 9
D) less than 1 E) less than

7
2 16
1 1 1
9. If Francis spends of his day sleeping, of his day studying and of his
3 4 8
day eating, how many hours in the day does he have left?
A) 4 B) 6 C) 5 D) 7 E) 9
10. The number of odd integers between 17 and 35 is

4 2
A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7 E) 8
11. Erin walks 3 of the way home in 30 minutes. If she continues to walk at
5
the same rate, how many minutes will it take her to walk rest of the way
85
home?
A) 24 B) 20 C) 6 D) 18 E) 12
 1  1  1
 2  3  3 4  
12. If    , the value of x is
   x5
A) 4 B) 7 C) 30 D) 37 E) 67
1
13. If x  , which of the following has the largest value?
4
1 1
A) x B) x 2 C) x D) E) x
2 x
1
14. The value of is
45
A) 1 B) 0.05 C) 1.25 D)0.20 E) 0.02
36 12
15. The value of is
12  4
A) 6 B) 9 C) 1 D)31 E) 3
1 1 1 1 1
16. The value of     is
2 2 3 3 3
5 5 13
A) 2 B) C) D)1 E)
13 6 6
86
17. The number halfway between 1 and 1 is

12 10
1 1 11 11 1
A) B) C) D) E)
11 120 60 120 22
  
18. The value of 1  1  1  1  is
 3  4 
5 1 13 31 16
A) B) C) D) E)
3 3 12 12 7
19. If m, n and p are positive integers with m  1 17 , the value of n is


1 3
n
p
A) 3 B) 4 C) 1 D)17 E) 13
20. The value of 1  3  5 is

10  6  2
1 1 1 1
A) B)2 C) D) 1 E) 3
6 2 2 10
21. The least value of x which makes 24 an integer is

x4
A) –44 B) –28 C) –20 D) –8 E) 0
1 5
22. If  , then x equals
1 3
x
5
2 4 1 2 22
A) B) C) D)  E) 
5 5 5 5 5
87
 4 5 6 7 8

23. The value of       is
     
5 6 7 8 9
4 36
A) B)1 C) 6 D)36 E)
9 7 25
1  1 1 
24. The value of     is
2  2 2
3 1
A) B)1 C) D) 1 E) 3
8 6 4 4
25. There are a certain number of red balls, green balls and blue balls in a bag.
Of the balls in the bag, 1 are red and 2 are blue. The number of green balls
3 7
in the bag is 8 is less than twice the number of blue balls. The number of
green balls in the bag is
A) 12 B) 16 C) 20 D) 24 E) 28
26. A rectangle has a length of 3 and an area of 1 . What is the width of the
5 3
rectangle?
1 5 14 15 9
A) B) C) D) E)
5 9 15 14 5
88
 1   1   1 
27. The product 1  
1   1   is equal to
 3  4   5
1 59
A) 2 B) C) 1 D)3 E)
5 60 60
28. A box contains apples and pears.
An equal number of apples and pears are rotten.
2 of all of the apples are rotten.

3
3 of all of the pears are rotten.

4
What fraction of the total number of pieces of fruit in the box rotten?
5 12
A) 17 B) 7 C) D) E) 5
24 12 8 17 7
29. In a relay race, Ainslee runs the first lap in 72 seconds. Bridget runs the
next lap at 9 of Ainslee‟s speed. Cecilia runs the next lap at 4 of Bridget‟s
10 3
6
speed. Dana runs the last lap at of Cecilia‟s speed. What is their total
5
time, to the nearest second?
A) 4 minutes, 48 seconds
B) 4 minutes, 22 seconds
C) 5 minutes, 27 seconds
89
D) 4 minutes, 37 seconds
E) 3 minutes, 46 seconds
Hint: distance travelled = speed  time
30. What is the largest sum?
A)
11 B)
11 C)
11
4 5 4 6 4 3
D)
11 E)
11
4 8 4 7
31. Which of the following fractions is the largest?
4 4 4
A) B) C)
2 1 2 1 2 1
4 4 3
4 4
D) E)
2 1 2 1
3 2
32. On the number line, points B and C divide AD into three equal parts. What
is the value at B?
A B C D
1 1
12 6
1 1 1 1 1
A) B) C) D) E)
7 8 9 10 11
90
33. A basket contains 12 apples, 15 bananas and no other fruit. If 3 more
bananas are added to the basket, what fraction of the fruit in the basket will
be bananas?
2 1 3 4 5
A) B) C) D) E)
5 3 5 9 9
34. In the given diagram, all 12 of the small rectangles are the same size. Your
2 3
task is to shade some of the rectangles until of of the diagram is
3 4
shaded. The number of rectangles you need to shade is
A)9 B)3 C)4 D) 6 E) 8
35. The capacity of the gas tank in Kathy‟s car is 48 liters. When the tank is
one-third full, the number of liters that must be added to make the tank
three-quarters full is
A) 12 B) 24 C) 16 D) 836 E) 20
91
36. Of the fractions 3 , 7 , 13 and 1 , what is the difference between the largest
4 8 16 2
and the smallest?
A) 3 B) 6 C) 5 D) 1 E) 1
8 7 16 16 8
37. The largest number in the list

3 , 9 , 12 , 27 , 49 is
10 20 25 50 100
A)
3 B)
9 C)
12 D)
27 E)
49
10 20 25 50 100
3
38. Which number should go in the □ to make the equation  = 1 true?
4
A) 1 B) 3 C) 5 D)13 E) 16
8 7 x
39. If   , then x equals
15 30 30
A) 10 B) 15 C) 22 D)23 E) 11
1
40. On a 240 kilometer trip, Corey‟s father drove of the distance. His mother
2
3
drove of the total distance and Corey drove the remaining distance. How
8
many kilometers did Corey drive?
A) 80 B) 40 C) 210 D)30 E) 55
92
1 1
41.  is equal to
2 3
2 1 1 3 5
A) B) C) D) E)
5 6 5 2 6
26
42. The number is equal to
4
1 3 2 1 1
A) 6 B) 6 D) E) 6 E) 6
2 4 13 4 13
43. When a pitcher is 1 full it contains exactly enough water to fill three
2
identical glasses. How full the pitcher be if it had exactly enough water to
fill four of the same glasses?
2 7 4 6 3
A) B) D) E) E)
3 12 7 7 4
44. How many of the following statements are true?
1 1
7 > 3,  , 7 + 3 = 3 + 7, 7 3  37
7 3
A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E)4
45. Jack has a jar of magic jelly beans. The number of jelly beans doubles
every day. After 16 days the jar is full. After how many days was the jar
93
half full?
A) 15 B) 8 C) 7 D) 4 E)2
46. If 1  2  3  x  2 , the value of x is

2 3 4 12
A) –4 B) 13 C) 18 D) 4 E) 1
47. Strips are made up of identical copies of .
2
Each strip has length . Which strip has length 4?
3
A) B)
C) D)
E)
48. The 5th graders want to raise money for their overnight camping trip by
selling cornbread during school Chill Cook-Off contest. All the pans of
cornbread are squares. A pan of cornbread cost $12. The customers can buy
any fractional part of a pan of cornbread and pay the fraction of $12. For
1 1
example of a full pan costs of $12.
2 2
94
a) The first customer, Mrs. Farmer walks up to buy cornbread and the pan
1 1
is full. She wants to buy of the remaining cornbread.
4 3
i) What fraction of the whole pan she wants to buy? Use object and/or a
diagram to show how much of the pan she wants to buy.
b) The next customer is the elementary school principal. When he walks up
1 5
to the table, and the pan is full. He wants to buy of the remaining
2 6
cornbread.
i) What fraction of the whole pan does he want to buy? Use a diagram to
show how much of the pan he wants to buy.
The above problem is from Teaching channel
49. The value of 1 is

2 1
2 1
2 1
2
A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6 E) 6
4 5 6 7 5
     
50. The product of the 9 factors 1  1  1  1  1  1     1  1  
 2   3   4   10 
1 1 1 10 11
A) B) C) D) E)
10 9 2 11 2
95
51. Which of the following is same as 2  4  6  8  10 12  14

3  6  9 12  15 18  21
2 2 14
A) –1 B)  C) D) 1 E)
3 3 3
3 4 5
52. What is the product of      
2006
2 3 4 2005 ?
A) 1 B) 1002 C) 1003 D) 2005 E) 2006
53. 10B – 2013(1): What is 2  4  6  1  3  5 ?

1 3  5 2  4  6
5 7 49 43
A) –1 B) C) D) E)
36 12 20 3
54. 12A – 2009(3): What number is one third of the way from 1 to 3 ?
4 4
1 5 1 7 2
A) B) C) D) E)
3 12 2 12 3
55. 12A – 08(2): What is the reciprocal of 1  2 ?

2 3
6 7 5 7
A) B) C) D) 3 E)
7 6 3 2
56. 12A- 08(4): Which of the following is equal to the product
8  12  16     4n  4     2008 ?
4 8 12 4n 2004
A) 251 B)502 C) 1004 D) 2008 E) 4016
96
1
57. Which of the following is equal to1  ?
1
1
11
5 3 5
A) B) C) D) 2 E) 3
4 2 3
58. What fraction of the square is shaded?
1 2 5 3 1
A) 3 B) 5 C) 12 D) 7 E) 2
59. 3  5  9  17  33  65  7 =
2 4 8 16 32 64
A) 
1 B) 
1 C) 0 D) 1 E) 1
64 16 16 64
60. A particular 12-hour digital clock displays the hour and minute of a day.
Unfortunately, whenever it is supposed to display a 1, it mistakenly
displays a 9. For example, when it is 1:16 PM the clock incorrectly shows
97
9:96 PM. What fraction of the day will the clock show the correct time?
1 5 3 5 9
A) B) C) D) E)
2 8 4 6 10
61. 12A – 2008(1): A bakery owner turns on his doughnut machine at 8:30
A.M. At 11:10 A.M. the machine has completed one third of the day‟s job.
At what time will the doughnut machine complete the job?
A) 1:50PM B) 3:00PM C) 3:30PM
D) 4:30PM E) 5:50PM
62. BOOK V: Which term must be removed from the sum
1 1 1 1 1 1
    
2 4 6 8 10 12
if the sum of the remaining terms is to equal 1?
A) 1 and 1 B) 1 and 1 C) 1 and 1

4 8 4 12 8 12
D) 1 and 1 E) 1 and 1
6 10 8 10
     
63. The product 1  12  1  12     1  12 1  12  equals
 2   3   9  10 
A) 5 B) 1 C) 11 D) 2 E) 7
12 2 20 3 10
98
64. If you walk for 45 minutes at a rate of 4 mph and then run for 30 minutes at
a rate of 10 mph, how many miles have you gone at the end of one hour
and 15 minutes?
A) 3.5 miles B) 8 miles C) 9 miles
D) 25 13 miles E) 480 miles
65. 8 - 2002(25): Loki, Moe, Nick and Otto are good friends. Otto had no
money, but others did. Moe gave Otto one-fifth of his money, Loki gave
Otto one-fourth of his money and Nick gave Otto one-third of his money.
Each gave Otto the same amount of money. What fractional part of the
group‟s money does Otto now have?
1 1 1 2 1
A) B) C) D) E)
10 4 3 5 2
66. A sum of money is to be distributed among three children: Alex, Bogdan,
and Chai. The money will be split as follows:
i) Alex receives $500 plus 1 of what then remains;

5
ii) Bogdan then receives $800 plus 1 of what then remains; and
4
iii) Chai then receives the rest, which is $900.
99
How much is the original sum of money? Which child receives the most
money?
67. My clock is a perfectly good clock. It keeps exact time. But it only has an
hour hand. Today, in the afternoon, I looked at my clock and discovered
that the hour hand was 7 of the distance between the “4” and the “5”.
8
Determine the exact time (hours, minutes and seconds).
68. 8 – 2012(20): What is the correct ordering of three numbers 5 , 7 and

9
19 21 23
in increasing order?
A) 9 < 7 < 5 B) 5 < 7 < 9

23 21 19 19 21 23
C) 9 < 5 < 7 D) 5 < 9 < 7

23 19 21 19 23 21
E) 7 < 5 < 9
21 19 23
69. Fill in the blanks:
2 8
 b) 1  4 c) 1 
3 3 4 12
d) 
10
e) 
6
f) 3  6
3 15 5 15 20
100
g) 1  h) 5  15
5 15 18
Put the following fractions in order of size, starting with the one with the
71.
least value:
3 9 3 7 3
4 16 16 8 8
……………, ……………, ……………,
……………, ……………
Least
Greatest
Explain your method for doing this.
………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………….
72. Put a check mark in each case to say which number is larger. Explain your
answer each time on the dotted lines underneath.

101
a) 2 □ OR 1 □
5 4
Explain how you know.
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………
b) 7 □ OR 3 □
10 5
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………
c) 33 □ OR 2 □
100 5
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………
102
DECIMALS
1. What is the difference between the largest and smallest of the numbers in
the list 0.023, 0.302, 0.203, 0.320, 0.032?
A)0.090 B) 0.270 C)0.343 D) 0.288 E)0.297
2. A number is placed in the box to make the following statement true:
3
8+   8.073
1000
What is this number?
A) 1000 B) 100 C) 1 D) 10 E)70
10
3.  10 is equal to
0.1
A) 99 B) 90 C) – 90 D) – 9 E) 9
4. The result of multiplying the difference between 9.2 and 8.679 by 0.003 is
A) 0.25701 B)0.0025701 C) 1.563
D) 0.01563 E) 0.001563
5. Of the five numbers 1.1, 1.01, 1.001, 1.0101, 1.00101, the one that is the
least is
A) 1.1 B)1.01 C) 1.001 D)1.0101 E) 1.00101
103
0.1 0.5 1
6. If A  , B and C  ,then in order of magnitude,
0.5 1 0.5
A) A > B > C B) B > A > C C) C > A > B
D) A > C > B E) C > B > A
7. 0.2  0.2  0.2 equals
A) 0.6 B) 0.08 C) 0.8 D) 0.008 E) 0.006
8. Which of the following numbers is greater than 0.7?
A) 0.07 B) –0.41 C)0.8 D)0.35 E) –0.9
3 9
9. The expression 4 +  is equal to
10 1000
A)4.12 B)4.309 C)4.039 D) 4.012 E)4.39
1 4
10. The expression 3 +  is equal to
10 100
14 5 7 157
A) 3 B)3.14 C) 3 D) 3 E)
100 110 50 50
11. Which of the following numbers is closest to 1?
3 1 7
A) B)1.2 C)0.81 D) 1 E)
4 3 10
104
12. Which of the following numbers is closest to 1?
11 111 1111
A) B) C)1.101 D) E)1.011
10 100 1000
1
13. What is of 10,000?
10
A) 0.001 B) 100 C) 1000 D)100,000 E) 0.1
1 1 1
14. The expression   is equal to
25 100 1000
A) 0.51 B) 0.051 C) 0.0051 D)0.111 E) 0.141
15. The value of 9  0.375  3 is

8
A) 8.125 B) 8.625 C) 8.25 D) 8.5 E) 8.375
9 8
16. As a decimal  is
10 100
A) 1.098 B) 0.98 C) 0.098 D) 0.0908 E) 9.8
1 3 3
17. The numbers 4 , 4 , 4.34, 4.42 and 4 are arranged from greatest to
2 4 5
least, the middle number is
1 3 3
A) 4 B) 4 C) 4.34 D) 4.42 E) 4
2 4 5
105
18. When 10 is added to seventeen hundredths, the result is
A) 0.117 B) 0.37 C) 10.017 D) 10.17 E) 11.7
19. The product of 8 0.25 2  0.125 
1 1 1
A) B) C) D) 1 E)2
8 4 2
1 2 3 
20.
10 20 30
A) 0.1 B) 0.123 C) 0.2 D) 0.3 E)0.6
(0.2)3
21.  ---------
(0.02) 2
A) 0.2 B) 2 C) 10 D) 15 E) 20
22. 0.4 + 0.02 + 0.006 =
A) 0.012 B) 0.066 C) 0.12
D) 0.24 E) 0.426
2 
23.
25
A) 0.008 B) 0.08 C) 0.8
D) 1.25 E) 12.5
106
24. 2  4  6 
10 100 1000
A) 0.012 B) 0.0246 C) 0.12 D) 0.246 E) 246
9
25. =
7  53
09 09 09

A) B) C)
0  7  53 0  7  0  53 0753
09 0  09
D) E)
7  0  53 0  07  0  53
26. Which of these five numbers is the largest?
A) 13579
1 B) 13579
1
2468 2468
C) 13579
1 D) 13579
1 E) 13579 2468
2468 2468
27. Which of the following is the largest?
A) 0.99 B) 0.9099 C) 0.9 D) 0.909 E)0.9009
28. Betty used a calculator to find the product 0.075 2.56 . She forgot to enter
the decimal points. The calculator showed 19200. If Betty had entered the
decimal point correctly, the answer would have been
A) 0.0192 B) 0.192 C) 1.92
D) 19.2 E)192
107
29. Mindy made three purchases for $1.98, $5.04 and $9.89. What was her
total, to the nearest dollar?
A) $10 B) $15 C) $16 D) $17 E)$18
30. Which digits of 0.12345, when changed to 9, gives the largest number?
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
31. If 1.2 106 is doubled, what is the result?
A) 2.4 10 6 B) 2.4 1012 C) 2.4 103
D) 1.2 1012 E) 0.6 1012
32. John has done several calculations, but has mixed up the answers. The
questions were 3.01 0.605 , 0.31 0.624 and 6.15 0.313 . The answers are
1.92495, 1.82105 and 0.19344. Find the correct answers for each question,
WITHOUT actually calculating them. Using mental math only, match the
correct answers to each problem.
33. Among Grandfather‟s papers a bill was found:
72 turkeys $ _67.9_
The first and last digit of the number that obviously represented the total
price of those fowls are replaced here by blanks, for they have faded and
108
are now illegible.
What are the two faded digits and what was the price of one turkey?
This is from How to Solve it by George Polya
34. A ream of paper containing 500 sheets is 5 cm thick. Approximately how
many sheets of this type of paper would there be in a stack 7.5 cm high?
A) 250 B) 550 C) 667 D) 750 E) 1250
35. Daniel went to visit his grandmother, who gave him $1.50. Then he bought
a book costing $3.20. If he has $2.30 left, how much money did he have
before visiting his grandmother?
1 _____
36. The decimal expansion of is the repeating decimal 0.142857 . What digit
7
occurs in the 2014th place after the decimal point?
1
37. When 2014
is written as a decimal, it terminates. What is the last non-
50
1
zero digit in the decimal representation of 2014
?
50
38. 8 – 2007(15): Let a, b and c be numbers with 0  a  b  c . Which of the
following is impossible?
109
A) a  c  b B) a  b  c C) a  b  c
b
D) a  c  b E) a
c
39. 8 - 2005(6): Suppose d is a digit. For how many values of d is
2.00d 5  2.005?
A) 0 B) 4 C) 5 D)6 E) 10
40. Put the following fractions in order of size, starting with the one with the
least value:
0.125 0.4 0.62 1.05 0.05
……………, ……………, ……………,
……………, ……………
Least
Greatest
Explain your method for doing this.
………………………………………………………………………………
110
41. Put a check mark in each case to say which number is larger. Explain your
answer each time on the dotted lines underneath.
a) 0.4 □ OR 1 □
4
………………………………………………………………………………
b) 0.7 □ OR 3 □
5
………………………………………………………………………………
c) 0.33 □ OR 2 □
5
111
PERCENTAGE
A percent is a fraction with always 100 in the denominator. It is out of 100.

There are 2 types of problems.
2 40
1) To convert a fraction (decimal) into a percent. For example  =40%
5 100
40 2
2) To convert a percent into a fraction (decimal). For example 40%= 
100 5
1. 1000% of 2 equals
A) 2000 B) 1002 C)200 D)20 E)0.02
1
2. of 1% is
10
A) 10 B) 0.1 C)0.01
D)0.001 E)0.0001
3. In a class of 30 students, 40% wear glasses. Three of those wearing glasses
are left handed. Of those wearing glasses, the percent who are left handed
is
A) 10 B) 25 C) 7 1 D)3 E)4
2
4. If 2% of a number is 8, the number is
A) 0.16 B) 4 C)16 D)400 E)800
112
5. On an examination, 13 students passed and 3 students failed. The failure
rate in percent is
A) 18 3 B) 300 C) 1300 D) 23 1 E) 43 1
4 13 3 3 3
6. In a school, 30 boys and 20 girls wrote math Olympiad. Certificates were
awarded to 10% of the boys and 20% of the girls. Of the students who
participated, the percentage that received certificates was
A) 14 B) 15 C) 16 D) 30 E) 50
7. If 5% of a number is 8, what is 25% of the same number?
A) 40 B) 0.1 C) 320 D) 10 E) 200
8. 50% of 2002 is equal to
A) 4004 B) 3003 C) 2001
D) 1952 E)1001
9. If 10% of x is y, then x is equal to
A) 0.1y B) 0.9 y C) 9y
D)10y E) 90y
113
10. Meg started with the number 100. She increased this number by 20% and
then increased the resulting number by 50%. Her final result was
A) 120 B) 240 C) 187.5 D) 200 E)180
11. Peyton puts 30 L of oil and 15 L of vinegar into a large empty can. He then
adds 15 L of oil to create a new mixture. What percentage of the new
mixture is oil?
A) 75 B) 25 C) 45 D) 50 E)60
12. There are 81 cars in the parking lot, which are all BMWs, Audis or
Toyotas. There are half as many BMW as Audi. The number of Toyotas is
80% of BMWs and Audis together. How many of the 81 cars are Audis?
A) 36 B) 30 C) 45 D) 51 E)66
13. 25% of 2004 is equal to
A) 50% of 4008 B) 50% of 1002
C) 100 % of 1002 D) 10 % of 8016
E) 20% of 3006
14. If 18% of 42 is equal to 27% of x, the value of x is
A) 28 B) 63 C) 2 D) 864 E)12
114
15. 1 of 100 is equal to

4
A) 20% of 200 B) 10% of 250
C) 15 % of 100 D) 25 % of 50
E) 5% of 300
16. Megan inherits $1,000,000 and Dan inherits $10,000. Each donates 10% of
his or her inheritance to charity. In total, they donate
A) $101,000 B) $110,000
C) $100,000 D) $11,000
E) $10,100
17. 30% of 200 equals
A) 0.06 B) 0.6 C) 6 D) 60 E) 600
18. If 50% of N is 16, then 75% of N is
A) 12 B) 6 C) 20 D) 24 E)40
19. The quantity “ 2% of 1” is equal to
A) 2 B) 2 C) 2 D) 20 E)200
100 10
115
20. AMC – 8: In a school referendum, 3 of a student body voted „yes‟ and

5
28% voted „no‟. If there were no spoiled ballots, what percentage of
students didn‟t vote?
A) 72% B) 40% C) 32%
D) 12% E)88%
21. Karl bought five folders from Pay-A-Lot at a cost of $2.50each. Pay-A-Lot
had a 20%- off sale the following day. How much could Karl have saved
on the purchase by waiting a day?
A) $1.00 B) $2.00 C) $2.50
D) $2.75 E) $5.00
22. If 20% of a number is 12, what is 30 % of the same number?
A) 15 B) 18 C) 20 D) 24 E) 30
23. Ana‟s monthly salary was $2000 in May. In June she received a 20% rise.
In July she received a 20% pay cut. After the two changes in June and July,
Ana‟s monthly salary was
A) $1920 B) $1980 C) $2000
D) $2020 E) $2040
116
24. 90(8): A dress originally priced at $80 was put on sale at 25% off. If 10%
tax was added to the sale price, then the total selling price of the dress was
A) $45 B) $52 C) $54 D) $66 E) $ 68
25. On each application of a weed spray, 80% of the weeds killed. In Dan D.
Lion‟s test plot there are 275 weeds. After Dan has sprayed the plot twice,
what is the number of weeds remaining?
26. 2004 Fermat (19): A computer software retailer has 1200 copies of a new
software package to sell. From the past experience, she knows that:
●Half of them will sell right away at the original price she sets,
● Two-thirds of the remainder will sell later when their price is reduced
by 40%
● The remaining copies will sell in a clearance sale at 75% off the original
price.
In order to make a reasonable profit, the total sales revenue must be
$72,000. To the nearest cent, what original price should she set?
A)$60.01 B)$75.01 C)$79.13 D)$80.90 E)$240.01
27. If 10% of 400 is decreased by 25, the result is
A)15 B) 37.5 C)65 D)260 E) 3975

117
28. Karl had his salary reduced by 10%. He was later promoted and his salary
was increased by 10%. If his original salary was $20,000, what is his
present salary?
A)$16,200 B) $19,800 C)$20,000
D) $20,500 E) $24,000
29. During hibernation, a bear loses 20% of its original mass. After
hibernation, its mass is 220 kg. What was its mass, in kilograms, just before
hibernation?
A)176 B) 264 C)240 D)275 E) 1100
30. If 50% of P equals 20% of Q, then, P as a percent of Q is
A)60% B) 250% C)40% D)20% E)30%
1
31. Beshmi invested of her savings in Company X, 42% in Company Y, and
5
the remainder in Company Z. If Beshmi invested $10,500 in Company Y,
how much did she invest in Company Z?
A)$25,000 B) $15,500 C)$14,000
D) $9,500 E) $5,000
118
32. There are 30 people in a room, 60% of whom are men. If no men enter or
leave the room, how many women must enter the room so that 40% of the
total number of people in the room are men?
A)10 B) 6 C) 20 D)12 E) 15
33. In a school fund raising campaign, 25% of the money donated came from
parents. The rest of the money was donated by teachers and students. The
ratio of the amount of money donated by teachers to the amount donated by
students was 2: 3. The ratio of the amount of money donated by parents to
the amount donated by students was
A)20 : 9 B) 5 : 6 C)5 : 9
D)1:2 E) 5 : 12
2
34. Ravindra and Hongshu made a pizza together. Ravindra ate of the pizza.
5
Hongshu ate half as much as Ravindra. What percentage of the original
pizza was left?
A) 20 B) 30 C) 40 D) 50 E) 60
35. A High School organized three different trips. Fifty percent of the students
went on the first trip, 80% went on the second trip, and 90% went on the
119
third trip. A total of 160 students went on all three trips, and all of the other
students went on exactly two trips. How many students are at the School?
A) 1400 B) 600 C) 1200 D) 800 E) 1600
4
36. If the numbers , 81%and 0.801 are arranged from the smallest to largest,
5
the correct order is
4 4
A) , 81%, 0.801 B) 81%, 0.801,
5 5
4 4
C) 0.801, , 81%, D) 81%, , 0.801
5 5
4
E) , 0.801, 81%
5
37. In the diagram, the percentage of small squares that are shaded is
A) 9 B) 33 C) 36 D) 56.25 E) 64
120
38. At Springfield University, there are 10,000 students, and there are as many
male students as female students. Each student is enrolled either in the Arts
program or Science program (but not in both); 60% of the students are in
the Arts program. Also, 40% of the Science students are male. To the
nearest percent, what percentage of the Arts students are female?
A) 50% B) 52% C) 26% D) 65% E) 43%
39. In an election, Harold received 60% of the votes and Jacquie received all
the rest. If Harold won by 24 votes, how many people voted?
A) 40 B) 60 C) 72 D) 100 E) 120
40. A chocolate drink is 6% pure chocolate, by volume. If 10L of pure milk is
added to 50L of this drink, the percent of chocolate in the new drink is
A) 5 B) 16 C) 10 D) 3 E) 26
41. 12B -09(3):20% less than 60 is one-third more than what number?
A) 16 B) 30 C) 32 D) 36 E) 48
42. 2013 – 10 B (5): Twenty percent less than 60 is one-third more than what
number?
A) 16 B) 30 C) 32 D)36 E)48
121
43. 10B - 2009(8): In a certain year the price of gasoline rose by 20% during
January, fell by 20% during Feb, rose by 25% during March, and fell by
x% during April. The price of gasoline at the end of April was the same as
it had been at the beginning of January. To the nearest integer, what is x?
A) 12 B) 17 C) 20 D)25 E) 35
44. In a collection of red, blue and green marbles, there are 25% more red
marbles than blue marbles, and there are 60% more green marbles than red
marbles. Suppose there are r red marbles. What is the total number of
marbles in the collection?
A) 2.85 r B) 3 r C)3.4 r D) 3.85 r E) 4.25 r
45. Makayla attended two meetings during her 9-hour work day. The first
meeting took 45 minutes and the second meeting took twice as long. What
percentage of her work day was spent attending meetings?
A) 15 B) 20 C) 25 D) 30 E) 35
46. BOOK VI: Last year a bicycle cost $160 and a cycling helmet cost $40.
This year the cost of the bicycle increased by 5%, and the cost of the
helmet increased by 10%. The percent increase in the combined cost of the
122
bicycle and helmet is
A) 6% B) 7% C) 7.5% D)8% E) 15%
47. Antoinette gets 70% on a 10-problem test, 80% on a 20-problem test and
90% on a 30-problem test. If the three tests are combined into one 60-
problem test, which percent is closest to her overall score?
A) 40 B) 77 C) 80 D) 83 E)87
48. Manny Kerr runs a company that specializes in grooming and caring for
lawns. Manny has a push mower and powerful riding mower.
At one location it takes him 5 hours to cut the entire lawn with the push
mower but only 70 minutes with the powerful riding mower. After 90% of
the lawn was cut using the powerful riding mower, the remainder was cut
using the push mower. How many minutes did it take Manny to cut the
entire lawn?
49. In an election, only two candidates were running for one of the positions on
the local city council. Willie Makeit received 60% of the total votes and
Shirley Cann received all the rest. If Willie won by 24votes, how many
people voted?
123
50. In a traffic study done on a busy highway, it was found that 40% of all cars
contained two or more people. Of those cars containing only one person,
25% contained a male.
Determine the percentage of all cars which contained exactly one female
and no male.
51. Holly Woods is a popular young actress and Joe King is an up and coming
young comedian. Joe has an income which is five-eighths of Holly‟s
income. Joe‟s expenses are one-half of those of Holly, and Joe saves 40%
of his income. Determine the percentage of her income that Holly Woods
saves.
52. The water content of an apricot, by weight, is 80%. Therefore, 20% of the
apricot, by weight, is other material.
When left in the sun to dry, an apricot loses 75% of its water content, and
none of the other material.
What percent of a dried apricot is water?
53. At UR High School, there are exactly 500 students. Each student must
sign-up for either an aerobics class or a running class. No student can sign-
up for both classes. Also, each student must sign-up for either Math Club or
124
the Environment Club, but not both.
After the sign-ups were complete, the following information was known.
□ 55% of students joined the aerobics class;
□ 68 3 % of the students in the Math Club had also signed up for the
4
aerobics class; and
□ 40% of students in the aerobics class were in the Environment Club.
Determine the number of students in the Environment Club who had also
signed-up for the running class.
Math Club Environment TOTAL
Aerobic
Running
TOTAL
54. The table shows some of the results of a survey by radio station KAMC.
What percentage of the males surveyed listen to the station?
125
Listen Don’t listen Total
Males ? 26 ?
Females 58 ? 96
Total 136 64 200
55. The table shows population information for two towns for the years 2003
and 2004.
Town 2003 Population % change from 2003 to 2004
Cayleyville 10,000 4%
Pascalberg 25,000 –12%
What is the difference between the populations of the towns in 2004?
A) 12400 B) 11600 C) 17600
D) 13800 E) 17400
56. 2001(8) –17: For the game show Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?, the
dollar values of each question are shown in the following table ( where K =
1000)
126
Between which two questions is the percent increase of the value the
smallest?
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Value 100 200 300 500 1K 2K 4K 8K 16K 32K 64K 125K 250K 500K 1000K
A) From 1 to 2 B) From 2 to 3 C) From 3 to 4
D) From 11 to 12 E) From 14 to 15
57. An automobile dealer purchased two cars. She then sold the cars, the first at
a profit of 40% and the second at a profit of 60%. Her total profit on the
sale of two cars was 54%. She received a total of $88,704 from the sale of
the two cars.
What did the dealer originally pay for each of the two cars?
58. A bicycle at Store P costs $200. The regular price of the same bicycle at
Store Q is 15% more than it is at Store P. The bicycle is on sale at Store Q
for 10% off of the regular price. What is the sale price of the bicycle at
Store Q?
A) $230 B) $201.5 C) $199 D)$207 E) $210
127
59. If the length and width of a rectangle are each increased by 10%, then the
perimeter of the rectangle is increased by
A) 1% B) 10% C) 20% D) 21% E) 40%
60. 12A -05 (1): 2 is 10% of x and 20% of y. What is x  y ?
A) 1 B)2 C) 5 D) 10 E)20
128
SQUARES AND SQUARE ROOTS
1. 17 2 152 =
A) 82 B) 22 C) 42 D) 7 2 E) 6 2
3
2. A teacher writes five different possible values for  52  4 2  on the board
 
and asks her class to decide which is correct. The correct value is
A) 1 B) 8 C) 11529 D)216 E) 729
2
3. The value of  100  36  is
 
A) 16 B) 256 C) 8 D)1024 E) 4096
4. If x  3 , which of the following expressions has the smallest value?
A) x 2  3 B) ( x  3) 2 C) x 2
D) ( x  3) 2 E) x 2  3
25  16
5. is equal to
25  16
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D)5 E) 6
6. x  25  36 , then x equals
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D)4 E) 11
129
7. The expression 33  7  4 =
A) 7 B) 8 C) 6 D) 4 E) 5
8. If 100  x  9 , then x equals
A) 9 B) 91 C) 97
D) 19 E) 119
9. 169  25 equals
A) 8 B) 12 C) 64
D) 72 E) 144
5 4
10. The value of
5 4
3 1 11 1
A) B) C)  D)0 E)
7 9 21 3
11. The value of 36 16 is
A) 12 B) 144 C) 24 D)26 E) 96
12. What is the value of 36  64 – 2516
A) 5 B) 7 C) 13 D)11 E) 9
130
13. When x = 9, which of the following has the largest value?
x
A) x B) C) x  5
2
40 x2
D) E)
x 2
64  36
14. The value of is
64  36
7 16 1
A) B) C)
5 5 5
24 14
D) E)
5 5
15. What is the value of 2  9  36  1
A) 7 B) 11 C) 8 D)13 E) 4
16. The expression  100  9    100  9  is equal to

   
A) 91 B) 19 C) 9991 D)9919 E) 10991
17. If 5  11  7  5  11  x , then the value of x is
A) 1 B) 7 C) –7 D)49 E) 4
18. If x = 3, the value of 5  2 x 2
A) –7 B) 27 C) –13 D) –31 E) 3
131
3 5 7 2n  1
19. If     9 , the value of n is
1 3 5 2n  1
A) 38 B) 1 C) 40 D)4 E) 39
20. 40  4 2  43 equals
A) 9 B) 13 C) 14 D)32 E) 64
43
21. The value of is
10  6
2 2
A) 1 B) 0.5 C) –35.36 D)1.5 E) 4
4

22. The value of  9 1  is
 
A) 10 B) 10 C) 16 D)82 E) 100
12  2 2  32  4 2
23. The value of is
1 2  3
A)110 B)22 C) 50 D) 5 E) 14
3
102  62
24. What is the value ?
2
A) 16 B) 86 C) 34 D)68 E) 128
25. Find the value of 32  4 2  12 2
132
26. Find the value of 7  4
27. Find the smallest positive integer by which 29  314  515  63 must be
multiplied to form a square.
28. CEMC. Vol. I. Page 15 to 18: The sum of first 50 odd positive integers is
502 .What is the sum of first 50 even positive integers?
 p  4  q   3
29. If N   7   5   2  is a perfect cube, where p and q are positive
   
integers, the smallest possible value of p  q is
A)5 B) 2 C) 8 D) 6 E) 12
30. What is the value of13  23  33  43 ?
A) 101 B) 103 C) 102 D) 105 E) 104
31. What is the smallest positive integer p for which 23 5  p is an integer?
A) 2 B) 5 C) 10 D)1 E) 20
32. The difference between the squares of two consecutive integers is 199. The
sum of the squares of these two consecutive integers is
A) 19801 B) 39601 C) 19602
D)20201 E)19 405
133
33. The sum of the squares of any three consecutive integers is
A) always even B) always odd
C) never divisible by 3 D) never divisible by 5
E) never divisible by 11
34. If 21xy 2 and 15xy are perfect squares, where x and y are integers greater
than zero, the least value of x  y is
A) 36 B) 56 C) 26 D) 16 E) 46
35. The sum of the digits of the smallest perfect square greater than 4000 that
is divisible by 392 is
A) 19 B) 24 C) 18 D) 16 E) 13
36. A cube has a volume of 125 cm 3 . What is the area of one face of the cube?
A) 20 cm 2 B) 25 cm 2 C) 40 cm 2
D) 5 cm 2 E) 75 cm 2
37. How many three-digit positive integers are perfect squares?
A)23 B)22 C)21 D) 20 E) 19
38. The value of 33  33  33 is
A) 3 B) 9 C) 27 D) 81 E) 243
134
39. If x is a positive integer less than 100, how many values of x make
1  2  3  4  x an integer?
A) 6 B) 7 C) 9 D) 8 E) 10
40. How many pairs (a, b) of positive integers satisfy a 2  b 2  50 ?
A) 0 B) 1 C) 3 D) 5 E) 7
41. ABCD is a square that is made up of two squares of area 4 cm 2 , 16 cm 2
and two identical rectangles. What is the area, in cm 2 , of the square
ABCD?
A) 64 B) 49 C) 25 D) 36 E) 20
42. Which of the following is an odd integer, contains the digit 5, is divisible
by 3, and lies between 122 and132 ?
A) 105 B) 147 C) 156 D) 165 E) 175
3 3
43. Which of the numbers –5, , 2, , 8 is larger than its square?
2 5
3 3
A)–5 B) C) 2 D) E)8
2 5
44. The value of (1  2) 2 – (12  2 2 ) is
A) 14 B) 4 C) 2 D) 12 E) 1
135
45. Which of the following could not be the unit‟s digit of the square of a
whole number?
A) 1 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6 E) 8
46. BOOK 4: The square of an integer is called a perfect square. If x is a
perfect square, the next integer perfect square is
A) x + 1 B) x 2  1
C) x 2  2 x  1 D) x 2  x
E) x  2 x  1
47. Find the square root of 0.00061504.
48. Find the hypotenuse when other two sides are 16 and 63.
49. How many perfect squares less than 1,000,000 are multiples of 24?
50. If  33  43  53   a 3 for some positive integer a, find a.

 
51. A natural number k is such that k 2  2014  (k 1) 2 . What is the largest
prime factor of k?
52. Area of a square is 37.8225 square meters. Find the length of its side.
670 2013
53. When 8 5 is expressed as an integer, how many digits are in the
product?
136
54. When 82015 is expressed as an integer, what is its last digit?
55. When the number 32011 is divided by 5, what is the remainder?
56. Determine the smallest perfect square that has three different prime
numbers as factors.
57. Sometimes you come across things that are just plain weird. For example,
512 is a three-digit number with 3 different digits and (5  1  2)3  512 . It
seems a bit weird since the cube of the sum of the three digits in the
number equals the number itself. And, this is the only three-digit number
with three distinct digits that has this property.
It also turns out that there exists exactly one five-digit number, WEIRD,
with distinct digits such that (W  E  I  R  D)3 = WEIRD.
Determine the number.
58. A natural number n is chosen strictly between two consecutive perfect
squares. The smaller of these two squares is obtained by subtracting k from
n and the larger one is obtained by adding l to n. Prove that (n-kl) is a
perfect square.
137
59. 91(3): A four-digit number has the following properties:
a) it is a perfect square
b) its first two digits are equal to each other
c) its last two digits are equal to each other.
Find all such four-digit numbers.
Solution: Let the four digit number be
1000 x +100 x +10 y + y = 11(100x +y)
Since it is perfect square 100x + y is a multiple of 11. 11 divides x + y.
Since it is a perfect square y = 1, 4, 5, 6, 9. Numbers of the forms, XX11,
XX55, XX66, and XX99 are not perfect squares.
 y = 4 and x = 7. The only 4-digit perfect square is 7744
60. AIME: Compute: (31)(30)(29)(28)  1 Answer: 869
61. 8 – 2014(13): If m and n are integers and m 2  n 2 is even, which of the
following is impossible?
A) m and n are even B) m and n are odd
C) m + n is even D) m + n is odd
E) none of these
138
62. In the diagram, a garden is enclosed by six straight fences. If the area of the
garden is 97 m 2 , what is the length of the fence around the garden? ( VIII STD
Square root)
2m
8m
A) 48m B) 47m C) 40m D) 38m E) 37m
63. A painted wooden cube with a 9 cm edge is cut up into little cubes with a 3
cm edge. There are thus 27 such little cubes. How many of them will have
only 2 painted sides?
64. BOOK IV- 1973: One thousand unit cubes are fastened together to form a
large cube with edge 10 units; this is painted and then separated into the
original cubes. The number of these unit cubes which have at least one face
painted is
A) 600 B) 520 C) 488 D) 480 E) 400

139
65. 10A – 2011(19): In 1991 the population of a town was a perfect square.
Ten years later, after increase of 150 people, the population was 9 more
than a perfect square. Now in 2011, with an increase of another 150 people,
the population is once again a perfect square. Which of the following is
closest to the percent growth of the town‟s population during this twenty-
year period?
A) 42 B) 47 C) 52 D) 57 E) 62
66. BOOK 2-P 21: The population of a town at one time was a perfect square.
Later, with an increase of 100, the population was 1 more than a perfect
square. Now, with an additional increase of 100, the population is again a
perfect square. The original population is a multiple of
A) 3 B)7 C)9 D)11 E)17
67. AIME – 2007(1): How many positive perfect squares less than10 6 are
multiples of 24? Answer: 83
68. AIME - 1997(1): How many of the integers between 1 and 1000, inclusive,
can be expressed as the difference of the squares of two nonnegative
integers? Answer: 750 Hint: 4n  (n  1) 2  (n  1) 2 , 2n  1  (n  1) 2  n 2
140
ALGEBRA
1. If x = 4 and y = 3x and z = 2y, then the value of y + z is
A) 12 B)20 C) 40 D) 24 E) 36
2. If 2x 1  5 and 3 y  2  17 , then the value of 2x  3 y is
A) 8 B)19 C) 21 D) 23 E) 25
3. If 8  7  x , then x equals
15 30 30
A) 10 B)15 C) 22 D) 23 E) 11
4. Which of the following is always true, never true and sometimes true?
i) 6  x  x  6
ii) 2( x  1)  2x  2
iii) 6  x  ( x  7) From MARLO WARBURTON’s video class
5. If 2x  5  16 , then find the value of 2x  3 .
A)8 B)10 C)18 D) 14 E)7
6. If 8210 = 8.2110 X , then the value of X is
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
141
7. The expression 6x  5x  4x  3x  2x  x is equal to
A) 3x B) 18x C) 3 D) –21x E) x
8. When x = 3, the value of x( x 1)( x  2)( x  3)( x  4) is
A) 6 B) 0 C) 24 D) –6 E) –24
9. If a, b and c are positive integers with a b = 13, b c = 52, and c a = 4,
the value of a  b  c is
A) 2704 B) 104 C) 676 D) 208 E)52
10. If y = 1 and 4 x  2 y  3  3x  3 y , what is the value of x?
A) –2 B) 0 C) 2 D) 4 E) 8
11. An integer x is chosen so that 3x 1 is an even integer. Which of the
following must be an odd integer?
A) x  3 B) 2x C) x  3 D) 7 x  4 E) 5x  3
12. If a( x  b)  3x  12 , for all values of x, then a  b equals
A) 12 B) 15 C) 8 D) 7 E)13
13. If x  y = 5, then the value of y  3  x is
A) 2 B) 7 C) 8 D) 15 E)13
142
14. 5x  2(4  x) is equal to
A) 5x+ 8 B) 3x+ 6 C) 7x + 8
D) 7x + 6 E) 6x + 8
15. If a(c  d )  b(c  d ) = 42 and c  d = 3, what is the value of a  b  c  d ?
A) 14 B) 56 C) 3 D) 17 E)39
16. If x = 7 and y = 13, the number of even positive integers less than xy is
xy  1 xy
A) B) C) xy  1
2 2
x y
D) E) ( x 1)( y 1)
4
17. If x = –3 and y = 2, the value of x y  3 is equal to
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E)5
18. If X = 2007  3, Y = X  3 and Z = X – Y, then the value of Z is
A) 669 B) 223 C) 1338
D) 892 E) 446
143
19. If x = 3, what is the perimeter of the figure shown?
A x D
x+1 6
B 10 C
A) 23 B) 20 C) 21 D) 22 E) 19
20. If x 1 2  3  4  5  6  7  8 , the value of x is
A) –2 B) –1 C) 0 D) 1 E)2
21. If ( x  1)  ( x  2)  ( x  3)  8  9  10 , what is the value of x?
A)6 B) 7 C) 8 D) 9 E) 10
22. If 7x  28 and x  y  9 , what is the value of xy ?
A)9 B) 20 C) 18 D) 52 E) –252
23. If 2x  3x  4x  12  9 16 , then x equals (options are wrong)
A)6 B) 3 C) 1 D) 12 E) 9
24. Solve for x:
i) 2 5x  6  5 ii)  7 3x  2  4
Use distributive law
144
25. Solve for x:
i) 6x  3  2x  3 ii)  7x 12  5
iii) x  4  6x  6 iv) 10 10x  3x  3
Collect like terms
26. Half of the number represented by x is 32, what is 2x?
A)128 B) 64 C)32 D)256 E) 16
27. If x = 2 and y = 3x, then the value of 2 y  5  2 x  5 is
A)2 B) 8 C) –2 D) –7 E) 6
28. If x = 11, y = 8 and 2 x  3z  5 y , what is the value of z?
A)6 B) 13 C)15 D)19 E) 3
29. If x  y  z  42 and x  2 y  4z , then y is equals
A) 6 B) 14 C) 12 D) 7 E) 24
30. If x = 2 is a solution of the equation a x  3  11, then the value of a is
A) 4 B) 7 C) 14 D) –7 E) –4
31. AMC 10 A (05): The equations 2 x  7  3 and b x 10  2 have the same
x. What is value of b?
A) –8 B) –4 C) –2 D) 4 E) 8
145
32. Leslie, Amber and Lilly are selling candy bars to raise money to go on a
trip with their team. Amber has sold 3 times as many candy bars as Lilly.
Leslie has sold 20 fewer candy bars than Amber. Write an expression to
determine the total number of candy bars the girls have sold. Simplify your
expression if possible.
33. If x = 3, which of the following expressions is an even number?
A) 9x B) x 3 C) 2 x 2  9  D) 2 x 2  9 E) 3x 2
 
34. In triangle ABC, if AB = AC = x + 1 and BC = 2x –2, where x > 1, then the
area of the triangle is always equal to
1
A) ( x 1) 2 x 2  2 B) 2(x – 1) C) ( x  1) 2
2
D) (x + 1) (x – 1) E) 2( x  1) x
35. When x = –5, the value of  2 x 2  5 is

x
A) 99 B) –51 C) 101 D)19 E)–49
36. If 3x – 9 = 12, then the value of 6x is
A) 42 B) 24 C) 6 D) 32 E)52
146
37. When x = –2 , the value of ( x  1)3 is
A) –1 B) –8 C) –5 D) 1 E) –3
38. If a 2  3b  33 , where a and b are positive integers, what is the value of ab?
A)11 B) 24 C) 16 D) 32 E) 27
39. If y = 3, the value of y 3

 y is
y2  y
A)2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 E) 6
40. 12B - 2009 (8): When a bucket is two-thirds full of water, the bucket and
water weigh a kilograms. When the bucket is one-half full of water the total
weight is b kilograms. In terms of a and b, what is the total weight in
kilograms when the bucket is full of water?
2 1 3 1 3
A) a b B) a b C) ab
3 3 2 2 2
3
D) a  2b E) 3a  2b
2
41. BOOK 5: If xy  a , xz  b , yz  c and none of these quantities is 0, then
x 2  y 2  z 2 equals
147
A) ab  bc  ca B) a  b  c
2 2 2
C) ( a  b  c ) 2
abc abc abc
D) (ab  bc  ca) E) (ab)  (bc)  (ca)

2 2 2 2
abc abc
42. 12B-02 (19): If a, b and c are positive real numbers such that a(b  c)  152 ,
b(c  a)  162 and c(a  b)  170 then abc is
A) 672 B) 688 C) 704
D) 720 E) 750
43. If a 1  b  2  c  3  d  4  a  b  c  d  5 then a  b  c  d is
10 7 5
A) –5 B)  C)  D) E) 5
3 3 3
44. 8 - 2005(8): Suppose m and n are positive odd integers. Which of the
following must also be an odd integer?
A) m  3n B) 3m n C) 3m2  3n 2
D) (nm  3) 2 E) 3m n
45. BOOK VI – P (27) : How many pairs of positive integers (a, b) with
a  b 1
a b  100 satisfy the equation 1
 13
a b
148
A) 1 B) 5 C) 7 D) 9 E) 13
46. Lucky Larry‟s teacher asked him to substitute numbers for a, b, c, d and e
in the expression a  (b  (c  (d  e))) and evaluate the result. Larry ignored
the parentheses but added and subtracted correctly and obtained the correct
result by coincidence. The numbers Larry substituted for a, b, c and d were
1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. What number did Larry substitute for e?
A) –5 B) –3 C) 0 D) 3 E) 5
47. The value of x that satisfies the equation 5x 100  125 is
A) 45 B) 100 C) 25 D–25 E) –5
48. 10A -04 (15): Given that  4  x   2 and 2  y  4 , what is the
( x  y)
largest possible value of ?
x
1 1
A) –1 B)  C) 0 D) E) 1
2 2
49. 10A - 2002(9): Suppose A, B and C are three numbers for which
1001C  2002 A  4004 and1001 B  3003 A  5005 . Find the average value
of A, B and C.
A) 1 B) 3 C) 6 D) 9 E) not uniquely determined

149
50. 10A- 01(10): If x, y and z are positive with xy =24, xz =48, and yz =72,
find x  y  z .
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
51. 2000-10A (15): Two non-zero real numbers a, b satisfy ab  a  b .
a b
Evaluate   ab .
b a
1 1 1
A) –2 B)  C) D) E) 2
2 3 2
52. 12A – 13(8): Given that x and y are distinct nonzero real numbers such that
x  2  y  2 , what is xy ?
x y
1 1
A) B) C) 1 D) 2 E) 4
4 2
53. 12A- 08(5): Suppose that 2 x  x is an integer. Which of the following

3 6
statements must be true about x?
A) It is negative
B) it is even, but not necessarily a multiple of 3.
C) It is a multiple of 3, but not necessarily even.
150
D) It is a multiple of 6, but not necessarily a multiple of 12.
E) It is a multiple of 12.
54. 96-(5): Given that 0 < a < b < c < d, which of the following is the largest?
A) a  b B) a  d C) b  c
cd bc ad
D) b  d E) c  d
ac ab
55. 86-8(14): If 200  a  400 and 600  b  1200 , then the largest value of the
b
quotient is
a
3
A) B) 3 C) 6 D) 300 E) 600
2
56. AHSME-97(3): If x, y and z are real numbers such that
( x  3) 2  ( y  4) 2  ( z  5) 2  0
then x  y  z is
A) –12 B) 0 C) 8 D) 12 E) 50
57. Simplify: 2a   3a   a  (b  a)  
58. Multiply: 3x  6 x 2  3x  4 

 
59. Find the value of 3x 2  2 x  5 if x = 5.
151
60. Simplify: 16ac  9 xy  5ac  2 xy  6ac 11xy
61. Subtract the sum of x 2  2 xy 1 and x 2 12 xy  20 from x 2 13xy  30 .
62. The difference of two numbers is 8. If the greater number is x, what is the
other number?
63. The width of a rectangle is doubled and the length halved. This produces a
square with a perimeter of P. What is the perimeter of the original
rectangle?
1 5 5
A) P B)2P C) P D) P E)
2 4 2
64. 12A – 2007(14): Let a, b, c, d and e be distinct integers such that
(6  a)(6  b)(6  c)(6  d )(6  e) = 45.
What is a + b +c + d + e?
(A) 5 (B)17 (C) 25 (D) 27 (E) 30
65. Page 27. Q 7: If a 1  b  2  c  3  d  4 , which of the four quantities a, b,
c, d is the largest?
A) a B) b C) c D) d E) no one is always largest
152
1 2 6a  18b
66. If a  and b  then equals
2 3 12a  6b
3
A) 9 B) 7 C) 10 D) 6 E)
2
7 y  77
67. If y = 77, then is equal to
77
A) 8 B) 12 C) 78 D)84 E) 540
5
68. The two whole numbers m and n satisfy m + n = 20 and 1  1  . The
m n 24
product mn is equal to
A) 72 B) 36 C) 48 D) 96 E) 24
6 3
69. If  , then x equals
x 1 2
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
70. If a = 7 and b =13, the number of even positive integers less than ab is
ab  1 ab
A) B) C) ab 1
2 2
ab
D) E) (a  1)(b  1)
4
3  M  60
71. If
5 45 N , what is M + N?
A) 27 B) 29 C) 45 D)105 E) 127
153
72. In the expression a  c  e , each letter is replaced by a different digit from

b d f
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Each digit can be used exactly once.
What is the largest possible value of this expression?
73. If x  2 and y  3 , the value of x 3  y 3 is
A) –3 B) 15 C) 35 D) –19 E) –1
74. If 10% of x is y, then x equals
A) 0.1x B)0.9x C)9x D)10x E) 90x
75. 12B - 2005(2): A positive number x has the property that x% of x is 4.
What is x?
A) 2 B) 4 C) 10 D)20 E) 40
76. 48AHSME - 1997 (4) If a is 50% larger than c, and b is 25% larger than c,
then a is what percent larger than b?
A)20% B)25% C)50% D)100% E)200%
77. 97- (4): If M is 30% of Q, Q is 20% of P, and N is 50% of P, then M =

N
A) 3 B) 3 C) 1 D) 6 E) 4
250 25 5 3
154
78. If x is 5 of 240, then 2 of x is

6 5
A)288 B) 80 C) 96 D) 200 E) 500
79. BOOK VI: The ratio of w to x is 4: 3, of y to z is 3: 2 and of z to x is 1: 6.
What is the ratio of w to y?
A) 1 : 3 B) 16 : 3 C) 20 : 3 D) 27 : 4 E) 12:1
80. If a = 5 and a 2  ab  60 , the value of b is
A) 7 B) 4 C) 2 D)10 E) 30
81. If 4  9  x 2  7 , then a possible value for x is
A) 6 B) 2 C) 4 D)36 E) 0
5
82. When x = –5, the value of  2x 2  is
x
A) 99 B) 101 C) –51 D)19 E) –49
18
83. If  2 , then the value of x is
x
A) 81 B) 36 C) 18 D)9 E) 3
84. If n  9 = 25, then n equals
A) 256 B) –4 C) 484 D)616 E) 16
155
85. It is given that ( x  y) 2  16, ( y  z) 2  36, and ( x  z) 2  81. If x  y  z  1,
determine the number of possible values of x  y  z .
86. For how many positive integers n, with n  100 , is n3  5n 2 the square of an
integer?
A) 7 B) 8 C) 9 D)10 E) 11
87. If x 2 yz 3  7 3 and xy 2  79 , then xyz equals
A) 710 B) 7 9 C) 78 D) 7 6 E) 7 4
Notation: x2, Area of a square of side x.
x2 x3
156
(a + b)2 = a2 + ab + ab + b2
a b
a a2 ab a
b ab b2 b
2x + 1
2x 4x2 2x
2x 1
1
(2x + 1)2 = 4 x 2 + 2x + 2x + 1
157
(a - b)2
b2
(a - b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b2
a(a-b) a a
a+b
b(a-b) b b
a-b
a2 - b2 = a (a - b) + b (a - b)
158
2x 1
x x
x
+
2
2 2x 1
2 +
2x 1
2 x2 + 4 x + x + 2 = (2x + 1) (x + 2)
a b
a+b
a-b
(a + b)2 - (a - b)2 = 4ab
159
LINEAR EQUATIONS
1. Pat gives half of his marbles to his best friend and then a third of those
remaining to his sister. If his sister receives 9 marbles, then the number Pat
keeps is
A)27 B) 54 C)18 D)36 E) 9
2. Three consecutive even integers have the property that three times the
smallest is equal to the sum of the other two. The smallest of the three
integers is
A) 4 B) 3 C) 8 D) 6 E) none of these.
3. A glass is full of milk. The total weight is 370 g. When the glass is half full
of milk, the weight is 290 g. Find the weight of the glass.
4. The sum of five consecutive integers is 75. The sum of the largest and the
smallest of these five integers is
A) 15 B) 25 C) 26 D) 30 E) 32
5. A number was doubled and then increased by 12. The result was then
tripled, giving an answer of 96. What was the original number?
160
6. When a number is tripled, then decreased by 5, the result is 16. What is the
original number?
A)3 B)5 C)7 D) 9 E)11
7. Burger King sold 495 hamburgers today. The number sold with cheese was
half the number sold without cheese. How many of each kind were sold?
8. Norine can retire when her age and the number of years that she has
worked add to 85. At present, she is 50 years old and has worked for 19
years. If she works continuously until she retires, how old will she be when
she can retire?
A) 53 B) 54 C) 58 D) 66 E) 69
9. Charlie is 30 years older than his daughter Bella. Charlie is also six times
as old as Bella. Determine Charlie‟s age.
10. BOOK 4: Four boys bought a boat for $60. The first boy paid one half of
the sum of the amounts paid by other boys; the second boy paid one third
of the sum of the amounts paid by other boys; and the third boy paid one
fourth of the sum of amounts paid by others boys. How much did the fourth
boy pay?
A)$10 B) $12 C) $13 D) $14 E) $15

161
11. On Monday, Hank drove to work at an average speed of 70 km/h and
arrived 1 minute late. On Tuesday, he left at the same time and took the
same route. This time he drove at an average speed of 75 km/h and arrived
1 minute early. How long is the route to work?
A) 30 km B) 35 km C) 45 km D) 50 km E) 60 km
d
Hint: Use t . Convert speed in to m/s
s
12. Cindy leaves school at the same time every day. If she cycles at 20 km/h,
she arrives home at 4: 30 in the afternoon. If she cycles at 10 km/h, she
arrives home at 5: 15 in the afternoon. At what speed, in km/h, must cycle
to arrive home at 5: 00 in the afternoon?
2 1 3
A)16 B) 15 C) 13 D) 12 E)18
3 3 4
13. Driving between two towns at 110 km/h instead of 100 km/h saves 9
minutes. The distance between the two towns is
A) 210 B) 99 C) 165 D) 9900 E) 150
14. Seven children, each with the same birthday, were born in seven
consecutive years. The sum of the ages of the youngest three children is 42.
162
What is the sum of the ages of the oldest three?
A) 51 B) 54 C)57 D)60 E) 63
15. The weight of a lioness is six times the weight of her female cub and four
times the weight of her male cub. If the difference between the weights of
the male and female cub is 14 kg, the weight of lioness, in kg is
A) 84 B) 252 C)168 D)140 E) 112
16. Sam bicycles at 16 km/h and Chris bicycles at 24 km/h. At noon, Sam is 1
km north of Chris, and each begins to ride north. How many minutes will it
take for Chris to catch Sam?
A) 1 1 B) 2 1 C) 3 3 D) 7 1 E) 8
2 2 4 2
17. Alphonso and Karen started out with the same number of apples. Karen
gave twelve of her apples to Alphonso. Next, Karen gave half of her
remaining apples to Alphonso. If Alphonso now has four times as many
apples as Karen, how many apples does Karen now have?
A) 12 B) 24 C)36 D)48 E) 72
18. Tyrone had 97 marbles and Eric had 11 marbles. Tyrone then gave some of
his marbles to Eric so that Tyrone ended with twice as many marbles as
163
Eric. How many marbles did Tyrone give to Eric?
A) 3 B) 13 C) 18 D) 25 E) 29
19. 8 - 2005(10) Joe had walked half way from home to school when he
realized he was late. He ran the rest of way to school. He ran 3 times as fast
as he walked. Joe took 6 minutes to walk half way to school. How many
minutes did it take Joe to get from home to school?
A) 7 B) 7.3 C) 7.7 D) 8 E) 9
20. The sum of nine consecutive positive integers is 99. The largest of these
integers is
A) 9 B) 11 C) 19 D) 7 E) 15
21. A farmer has 7 cows, 8 sheep and 6 goats. How many more goats should be
bought so that half of her animals will be goats?
A) 18 B) 15 C) 21 D) 9 E) 6
22. A hockey team has 6 more red helmets than blue helmets. The ratio of red
helmets to blue helmets is 5: 3. The total number of red helmets and blue
helmets is
A) 16 B) 18 C)24 D)30 E) 32
164
23. A pen and pencil together cost $1.40. The pen costs one dollar more than
the pencil. The cost, of the pen is
A) $1.10 B) $1.20 C) $1. 30
D) $1.00 E) $1. 12
24. In each hour of running, Bill Rodgers uses up 600 calories. In 1980 he won
the Boston Marathon in 2 hours and 12 minutes. The number of calories he
burned while running the race in this time was
A) 1440 B) 1320 C)1272 D)1212 E)1140
25. Ivan trained for a cross-country meet.
On Monday, he ran a certain distance.
On Tuesday, he ran twice as far as he ran on Monday.
On Wednesday, he ran half as far as he ran on Tuesday.
On Thursday, he ran half as far as he ran on Wednesday.
On Friday, he ran twice as far as he ran on Thursday.
If the shortest distance that he ran on any of the five days is 5 km, how far
did he run in total?
A) 55 km B) 25 km C) 27.5 km D) 17.5 km E) 50 km
165
26. Shelby drives her scooter at a speed of 30 miles per hour if it is not raining,
and 20 miles per hour if it is raining. Today she drove in the sun in the
morning and in the rain in the evening, for a total of 16 miles in 40
minutes. How many minutes did she drive in the rain?
A) 18 B) 21 C) 24 D) 27 E) 30
27. 2 boys A and B start at the same time to ride from X to Y, 60 miles away.
A travels 4 miles an hour slower than B. B reaches Y and at once turns
back meeting A in 12 miles from Y. The rate of A is
28. A cyclist rode 560 km in seven days. Each day she travelled 15 km more
than the day before. Determine how far she rode on the seventh day.
29. A motorcycle and a delivery truck left a roadside diner at the same time.
After travelling in the same direction for one and one-quarter hours, the
motorcycle had travelled 25 km farther than the delivery truck. If the
average speed of the motorcycle was 60 km/hr, find the average speed of
the delivery truck.
30. At present, the sum of the ages of a father and his son is 43 years. In n
years, n > 0, the father will be four times the son‟s age. Determine the
possible ages of the father and son.

166
31. On a certain day, the visibility at sea is 5 km. Boats A and B are 200 m
apart and travelling in opposite directions, each at a different, constant
speed. The two boats are in sight of one another for 15 minutes.
If boat A is travelling at a constant speed of 8 km/h, how fast is boat B
travelling, in km/h?
32. For an upcoming charity 5K fun run, Joe, Ann and Henry collected
donations. Joe collected $375 more than his cousin Ann who raised $250
more than her friend Henry. Together, Joe, Ann and Henry received $2000.
Determine the amount of money that each person raised and the ratio of the
amount of money Henry raised to the amount Ann raised to the amount Joe
raised.
33. In preparing to write an examination, Stu Deus made the following
observations:
● The exam had 20 questions.
● He estimated that he would spend 6 minutes per question.
● The exam would take him 2 hours to complete.
However, during the actual examination, Stu discovered some difficult
questions which each required 15 minutes to complete. He also discovered

167
some questions which were much easier than he expected and only took
him 2 minutes per question to complete. Seven of the questions, however,
still required 6 minutes each to complete. Surprisingly, Stu was still able to
complete the exam in 2 hours.
How many of the 20 examination questions did Stu find difficult?
34. 10B - 10(15): On a 50-question multiple choice math contest, student
receive4 points for a correct answer, 0 points for an answer left blank, and
–1 point for an incorrect answer. Jesse‟s total score on the contest was 99.
What is the maximum number of questions that Jesse could have answered
correctly?
A) 25 B) 27 C) 29 D) 31 E) 33
35. AJHSME 87(24): A multiple choice examination consists of 20 questions.
The scoring is + 5 for each correct answer, – 2 for each incorrect answer,
and 0 for each unanswered question. John‟s score on the examination is 48.
What is the maximum number of questions he could have answered
correctly? AMC-8-2001(22)
A) 9 B) 10 C) 11 D) 12 E)16
168
36. Three different numbers, a, b, and c, are written in order smallest to largest
such that a < b < c. When the numbers are added in pairs the sums 2989,
3461 and 3550 are obtained.
Determine the value of the largest number.
6
37. AMC-10B (7): The sum of two angles of a triangle is of a right angle,
5
and one of these two angles is 30 larger than the other. What is the degree
measure of the largest angle in the triangle?
A)69 B) 72 C) 90 D) 102 E) 108
38. Express the number 220 as the sum of 5 consecutive whole numbers and
then sum of 8 consecutive whole numbers.
39. Violet has one-half of the money she needs to buy her mother a necklace.
After her sister gives her $30, she has three-quarters of the amount she
needs. Violet‟s father agrees to give her the rest. The amount that Violet‟s
father will give her is
A) $7.50 B) $15 C) $22.50 D) $30 E) $120
169
ANGLES
1. In the diagram PQR is 90 and RQS is 50 greater than PQS . Then
PQS , in degrees, is
P
S
R
Q
A) 70 B) 50 C) 45 D) 40 E) 20
2. What is the measure of the obtuse angle formed by the hands of clock at
9:20?
3. The angle through which the hour hand of a clock travels between 9 : 20
a.m. and 11 : 50 a.m. on the same morning is
A) 45 B) 60 C) 75
D) 85 E) 80
170
4. What is the number of degrees in the smaller angle between the hour hand
and the minute hand on a clock that reads seven o‟clock?
A) 50 B) 120 C) 135 D) 150 E) 165
5. Page 12, Q 12: At 2: 15 o‟clock, the hour and minute hands of a clock
form an angle of:
A) 30 B) 5 C) 22.5 D) 7 1  E) 28

2
6. 2003(8) – 20: What is the measure of the acute angle formed by the hands
of clock at 4:20 a.m?
A) 0 B) 5 C) 8 D) 10 E) 12
7. 2012(8)-3: On February 13 The Oshkosh Northwester listed the length of
daylight as 10 hours and 24 minutes, the sunrise as 6:57 A.M, and the
sunset as 8: 15 P.M. The length of daylight and the sunrise were correct,
but the sunset was wrong. When did the sun really set?
A)5 :10 PM B)5 :21 PM C)5 :41 PM
D)5 :57 PM E)6 :03 PM
171
8. In figure AB is parallel to CD. Find y.
A B
x°
x°
70° y°
C D
9. In diagram, the value of x is
C
80°
x°
50° 55°
B A
A) 25 B) 30 C) 50 D)55 E)20
172
10. In diagram, C lies on the line segment BD. What is the value of x?
A
75°
x° 125°
B D
C
A) 50 B) 55 C) 75 D)100 E)105
11. In diagram, AD is parallel to BC. What is the size of ABC ?
A D
x° 2x°
128°
B C
A) 116 B) 168 C) 138
D) 144 E) 122
173
12. What is the measure of the largest angle in  ABC?
A
3x°
6x° x°
C
B
A) 144 B) 96 C) 120 D) 60 E) 108
13. A rectangle is drawn inside  ABC, as shown. If BEF  22 and
CDG  65 , then the size of BAC is
E D
B C
F G
A) 87 B) 90 C) 93 D) 104 E) 82
174
14. In the diagram, ABC is a straight line. The value of x is
21°
21° 2x°
x° 57°
A C
B
A)27 B) 33 C) 24 D) 87 E) 81
15. If AD is a straight line segment and E is a point on AD, determine the
measure of DEC .
B
(10x - 2)°
20° (3x + 6)°
A D
E
A) 20 B) 12 C) 42 D) 30 E) 45
175
16. In the diagram, the value of x is
40°
B 60° C
x°
D F
E
A)130 B) 120 C) 110 D) 100 E) 80
17. In the diagram, B, C and D lie on a straight line, with ACD  100 ,
ADB  x , ABD  2x and DAC  BAC  y . The value of x is
y° y°
2x° 100° x°
B D
C
A)10 B) 45 C) 30 D) 50 E) 20
176
120°
x°
40°
A)40 B) 60 C)100 D)120 E)80
19. In the diagram, AB is a straight line. The value of x is
y° y° y°
59° x° 140°
A B
A)67 B) 59 C) 62 D)40 E)86
177
20. In the diagram the value of x is
x°
130°
A) 100 B) 65 C) 80 D)70 E)50
21. In the diagram, BCD is a straight line. The value of x is
C D
B
136° 64°
x°
A) 72 B) 44 C) 58 D) 64 E) 52
22. In diagram, what is the value of x?
x°
50° 45°
A) 65 B) 75 C) 85 D) 95 E) 105
178
23. In triangle ABC, B  72 . What is the sum, in degrees, of the other two
angles?
72°
B C
A) 144 B)72 C) 108 D) 110 E) 288
24. In the diagram,  ABC and  DEF overlap so that CEBF forms a straight
line segment. What is the value of x?
179
50°
30° x°
C F
E B
A)10 B)20 C)30 D) 40 E)50
25. A beam of light from point B, reflects off a reflector at point F, and reaches
point G so that GF is perpendicular to EA. Then x is
G
H
x°
F
x°
E 26°
D A
C B
A) 32 B) 37 C) 45 D) 26 E) 38
180
26. In figure, AB is parallel to CD and EF is parallel to GH. Find x.
F
H
A B
105°
x°
C D
E G
27. Which of the following statements is not true?
A) A quadrilateral has 4 sides.
B) The sum of the angles in a triangle is180 .
C) A rectangle has four 90 angles.
D) A triangle can have two 90 angles.
E) A rectangle is a quadrilateral.
181
28. In the diagram, the value of x is:
D 48°
x°
60°
E B
A
A) 72 B)158 C) 108 D) 138 E) 162
29. In a triangle ABC, A is 21 more than B , and C is 36 more than
B . The size of B is
A) 20 B) 41 C) 62 D) 46 E) 56
30. In a  ABC, A  3B and B  2C . The measure of  B is
A) 10 B) 20 C) 30 D) 40 E) 60
182
31. In the diagram, BDC is a straight line. What is the measure of DAC
67°
48° 38°
B C
D
A) 27 B) 47 C) 48
D) 65 E) 67
32. In the diagram, line segments AB and CD intersect at E. The value of x is
50°
A
x° E B
110°
A) 30 B) 20 C) 40 D) 50 E) 35
183
33. In the diagram E lies on the line segment AD. The value of x is
50°
E
x° B
A) 120 B) 130 C) 135 D)140 E)150
34. In the diagram, ABC, CDE, AEF and BDF are all straight lines. The value
of a  b is
a°
E
D
125°
55° b°
A C
B
A) 70 B) 55 C) 80 D) 90 E) 75
184
35. In the diagram, ABC, ADF and BDE are straight lines. The value of x is
E
F
x°
D
30° 125°
C
A B
A) 75 B)85 C) 95 D) 125 E) 155
36. In the diagram CBD is a straight line. What is the value of x?
A
3x°
(x+14)° 110°
C B D
A) 19 B)62 C) 21.5 D) 24 E) 32
185
37. In the diagram, three line segments intersect as shown. The value of x is
60°
x°
40°
A)40 B)60 C)80 D) 100 E)120
x°
70° 50°
A)20 B)60 C)70 D) 40 E)50
186
39. In triangle ABC, the value of x + y is
x° 104° y°
B C
A) 104 B) 76 C) 180 D) 90 E)166
40. In the diagram, AB is parallel to CD, F and G lie on CD, and H and I are
the points of intersection of AB with EF and EG, respectively. If
FHI  120 and IGD  112 , what is the measure of HEI ?
H I B
A
C D
F G
A) 52 B) 56 C) 60 D) 64 D) 68
187
41. In the diagram, the value of a + b in degrees, is
70°
a b 130°
A) 70 B) 200 C) 130 D) 100 E)160
42. In the diagram, points B and C lie on AD. What is the value of x?
B C
A D
130° x°
60°
43. In the diagram, point E is on side AC of triangle ABC and BCD is a
straight line segment. The value of x is
188
30°
x°
(180 - x)° x°
D
C B
A)55 B)70 C)75 D)60 E) 50
44. If two straight lines intersect as shown, then x  y is
x° y°
40°
A) 0 B) 40 C) 80 D)60 E) 100
45. 12B- 11(10): Rectangle ABCD has AB = 6 and BC = 3. Point M is chosen
on the side AB so that  AMD   CMD . What is the degree measure of
 AMD ?
A) 15 B) 30 C) 45 D) 60 E) 75
189
46. 12B- 2008(8)-: Points B and C lie on AD. The length of AB is 4 times the
length of BD, and the length of AC is 9 times the length of CD. The length
of BC is what fraction of the length of AD?
1 1 1 5 1
A) B) C) D) E)
36 13 10 36 5
6
47. 10 B – 2011(7): The sum of two angles of a triangle is of a right angle,
5
and one of these two angles is 30 larger than the other. What is the degree
measure of the largest angle in the triangle?
A) 69 B) 72 C) 90 D) 102 E)108
48. 12A-02(4): Find the degree measure of an angle whose complement is 25%
of its supplement.
A) 48 B) 60 C) 75 D) 120 E) 150
49. AMC8- 00 (13): In triangle ABC, we have BAC  ACB and
ABC  36 . If CE bisects ACB , then AEC =
190
A C
A) 36 B) 54 C) 72 D) 90 E) 108
50. AJHSME 97(12): 1  2 180
3  4 . Find 4
40°
70° 1 2 3
A) 20 B) 25 C) 30 D) 35 E) 40
51. AJHSME 96(24): The measure of angle ABC is 50 , AD bisects angle
BAC, and DC bisects angle BCA. The measure of angle ADC is

191
50°
A C
A) 90 B) 100 C) 115 D) 122.5 E) 125
52. 8 – 1999(21): The degree measure of angle A is
100°
110°
40°
A)20 B) 30 C) 35 D)40 E) 45
192
53. Page 42, Q 9: If A is four times B , and the complement of B is four
times the complement of A , then B =
A) 10 B) 12 C) 15 D) 18 E) 22.5
54. AB is parallel to CD. Find x, y.
A F B
50°
y
x 125°
C D
E
55. In the diagram, points Q and R lie on PS and QWR  38 . If
TQP  TQW  x , VRS  VRW  y , and U is the point of
intersection of TQ extended and VR extended, then the measure of QUR
is
193
38° V
T
x° y°
x° y°
P S
Q R
A) 71 B) 45 C) 76 D) 81 E) 60
56. In the diagram, point B is on AC, point F is on DB, and point G is on EB.
D E
q° t°
s° G
F r°
p° u°
A B C
What is the value of p  q  r  s  t  u ?
57. In the diagram, AD is parallel to EF and points B and C lie on AD. Also
ABE  x , EBC  (x  50) and EFC  (x  25) .
194
E F
(x + 25)°
x° (x - 50)°
A B C D
What is the measure of FCD ?
A) 115 B) 140 C) 135 D) 130 E) 120
58. In the diagram, D is the midpoint of AB, CDB  30 and BAC  15 .
The measure of ABC is
A B
D
A) 75 B) 65 C) 60 D) 80 E) 85
59. FERMAT – 2016(20): In the diagram, ABCD represents a rectangular
piece of paper. The paper is folded along a line EF so that EFD  125 .
When the folded paper is flattened, points C, D have moved to points C‟
195
and D‟, respectively, and EC‟ crosses AF at G. The measure of AGE is
D'
C'
A G F D
125°
B E C
A) 110 B) 100 C) 95 D) 105 E) 115
60. CAYLEY-2013(19): In the diagram, PQ is parallel to RS. Also, Z is on
PQ and X is on RS so that YXS  20 and ZYX  50 , what is the
measure of QZY ?
P Z Q
R S
X
A) 30 B) 20 C) 40 D) 50 E) 60
196
ISOSCELES TRIANGLES
1. ABCD is a square and EDC is an equilateral triangle. The number of
degrees in angle AEB is Hint: EC = BC
A B
E
D C
A) 90 B) 120 C) 135
D) 150 E) none of these
2. Determine „a‟ for which the triangle is isosceles.
3a - 6 3a - 8
5a - 16
3. In diagram, triangles ABC and CBD are isosceles. The perimeter of  CBD
is 19, the perimeter of  ABC is 20 and length of BD is 7. What is the
197
length of AB?
B
y° x°
x° D
A y°
A) 5 B) 6 C) 7 D)8 E)9
198
4. In the diagram, AB = AC and ACB  65 . The value of x is
x°
65°
B C
A) 45 B) 30 C) 50 D)60 E)40
5. In the diagram, ACD, BCE are straight lines and AB = AC, CD = CE.
What is the value of x?
199
A
B 40°
x°
D
E
A) 45 B) 50 D) 55 E) 60 E) 65
6. In the diagram, DE is parallel to FG, AC = BC and DAB  50 . The value
of x is
A
E
D 50° x°
F G
B C
A) 40 B) 65 C) 25 D) 100 E) 80
200
7. In the diagram, line L1 is parallel to line L2 and BA = BC. The value of x
is
L1 x°
70°
B C
L2
A)35 B) 30 C) 37.5 D) 45 E) 40
8. In the diagram, ABCD and DEFG are squares with equal side lengths, and
DCE  70 . The value of y is
201
A G
y°
D
B F
C E
A) 120 B) 160 C) 130 D) 110 E) 140
9. In the diagram, A is on CD so that BA bisects CBD . Also AC = AB,
BDC  2 y and BAC  3 y . The measure of BAC is
202
2y°
3y°
x°
x°
C B
A) 90 B) 108 C) 120 D) 60 E) 72
203
10. In the diagram, if ABC and PQR are equilateral, then CXY equals
A
X C
65° 75°
B P
A) 30 B) 35 C) 40 D) 45 E) 50
204
11. In the diagram, ABC is a straight line segment and BD = BE. Find x.
B
3x°
x°
76°
D E
A)28 B) 38 C)26 D)152 E)45
12. In the diagram, points C and D lie on BE. Also triangle ABE is isosceles
with AB = AE. Triangle ACD is isosceles with AC = AD. Find x.
205
x° 34°
62°
B C D E
A)11 B) 28 C)17 D)31 E)34
13. In the diagram, a point E lies on the line segment AB, and triangles, AED
and BEC are isosceles. Also DEC is twice ADE . What is the size of
EBC ?
70°
A B
E
A) 75 B) 80 C) 60 D) 55 E) 45
206
14. In the diagram,  ABC is an equilateral triangle. If AB =4x and
AC = x + 12, what is the value of x?
4x x + 12
B C
A)48 B)16 C)4 D) 32 E)12
15. A regular pentagon ABCDE has all its sides and angles equal. If the shaded
pentagon is enclosed by squares and triangles as shown, what is the
measure of angle GEF ?
G D
E C
x
F
A B
207
A) 72 B) 158 C) 108 D) 138 E) 162
16. In the diagram, ABC is isosceles with AB = AC. Also, point D on AC so
that AD = BD = BC. The measure of ABD is
B C
A) 18 B) 30 C) 45
D) 36 E) 60
17. In the diagram, DA = CB. What is the measure of DAC ?
A
D
55° B
40° 70°
208
A) 70 B) 100 C) 95
D) 125 E) 110
18. In the diagram, CB = CD. The measure of CAD is
B
A
85° 70°
35°
C D
A) 45 B) 75 C) 40
D) 50 E) 25
19. In the diagram, ABC is isosceles with AC = BC and ACD is isosceles
with AD = CD = x. Also, the perimeter of ABC is 22, the perimeter of
ACD is 22 and the perimeter of ABCD is 24. What is the value of x?
209
x
D
C B
A) 7.5 B) 6.5 C) 7 D) 6 E) 8
20. In the diagram, AB = AC and BD = CD. What is the measure of ABD ?
30°
60°
B C
A) 45 B) 30 c) 60 D) 75 E) 15
21. In the diagram, C lies on AE and CED  40 , CD = DE and ABC is
equilateral. The value of x is
210
B
D
x°
40°
A E
C
A) 50 B) 60 C) 80 D) 90 E) 100
22. In the diagram, QUR and SUR are equilateral triangles. Also, QUP
PUT and TUS are isosceles triangles with PU = QU = SU = TU and
QP = PT= TS. The measure of UST , in degrees, is
P T
Q S
A) 50 B) 54 C) 60 D) 70 E) 80
23. In the diagram, ABCD is a square and ABE is an equilateral triangle. What
is the measure of CAE ?
211
A B
D C
A) 90 B) 105 C) 120 D) 150 E) 75
24. In triangle ABC, the value of x + y is
x° 104° y°
B C
D
A) 104 B) 76 C) 180 D) 90 E)166
212
25. In the diagram, if BED  48 , what is the measure of BAC ?
C
E
A) 60 B) 42 C) 48 D) 66 D) 84
26. In the diagram, point P is inside quadrilateral ABCD. Also DA = DP = DC
and AP = AB. If ADP  CDP  2x , BAP  (x  5) , and
BPC  (10 x  5) , what is the value of x?
B
A
D C
213
27. In the diagram, ABCD is a square, ABE is equilateral, and AEF is
equilateral. What is the measure of DAF ?
E
B
D
F
A
28. In the diagram, triangle ABE is equilateral and BCDE is a square. The
measure of angle BCA, in degrees, is
B E
C D
A) 10 B) 15 C) 20 D) 25 E) 30
214
29. In the parallelogram, the value of x, is
x°
150°
80°
A) 30 B) 50 C) 70 D) 80 E) 150
30. In the diagram, the following information is known about ABC . The point
D is on side AC and the point E on side AB. Also, CD = EA,
AD = BE. ABC  80 , ADE  30 . Find all the remaining angles.
E
30°
D
80°
C B
215
31. 8 – 2009(19): Two angles of an isosceles triangle measure 70 and x .
What is the sum of the three possible values of x?
A) 95 B) 125 C) 140 D)165 E)180
32. Triangle ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = BC. Point D is the
midpoint of both BC and AE and CE is 11 units long. Triangle ABD is
congruent to triangle ECD. What is the length of BD?
B E
A C
A) 4 B) 4.5 C) 5 D) 5.5 E) 6
33. 10A-02(23): Let A, B, C and D lie on a line, in that order, with AB = CD
and BC = 12. Point E is not on the line, and BE = CE = 10. The perimeter
of AED is twice the perimeter of BEC . Find AB.
216
10 10
12
A D
B C
15 17 19
A) B) 8 C) D) 9 E)
2 2 2
34. 12 A 2010(8): Triangle ABC has AB  2  AC . Let D and E be on AB and
BC, respectively, such that BAE  ACD . Let F be the intersection of
segments AE and CD, and suppose that CFE is equilateral. What is
ACB ?
A) 60 B) 75 C) 90 D) 105 E) 120
35. 12 A 2007(6): Triangles ABC and ADC are isosceles with AB = BC and
AD = DC. Point D is inside triangle ABC, ABC  40 , and ADC 140 .
What is the degree measure of BAD ?
A) 20 B) 30 C) 40 D) 50 E) 60
36. How many different isosceles triangles have integer side lengths and
perimeter 23?
A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 9 E) 11
217
37. Page 43, Q 13: In triangle ABC, AB =AC. If there is a point P strictly
between A and B such that AP = PC = CB, then A =
B C
A) 30 B) 36 C) 48 D) 60 E) 72
38. 2000(8) –24 : If A  20 and AFG  AGF , then B  D 
218
C
G
A
D
E
A) 48 B) 60 C) 72 D) 80 E) 90
219
PYTHAGORAS THEOREM
1. In the diagram, ABC represents a triangular jogging path. Jack jogs along
the path from A to B to F. Jill jogs from A to C to F. Each jogs the same
distance. The distance from F to B, in meters, is
F
120 m
A B
160 m
A) 40 B) 120 C) 100 D) 80 E) 200
2. The perimeter of ABC is
8
15
C B
A) 23 B) 40 C) 42 D) 46 E)60
220
3. In the diagram, what is the perimeter of ABC ?
25
C B
8 20
A) 63 B) 60 C) 55 D) 85 E)70
4. In the diagram, what is the perimeter of ABC
B A
5
13
D
37
A) 74 B) 55 C) 80 D) 84 E) 97
221
5. The perimeter of the figure is
B 4 cm C
4 cm
A
D
7 cm
A) 19 cm B) 22cm C) 21 cm D) 15 cm E) 20cm
6. In ABC , ABC  90 and D is on AB. If BD = 18, DC = 18 and AD =30,
then area of ADC
30
B 18 C
D 14
A) 84 B) 168 C) 210 D) 336 E) 384
7. Angela ran at a speed of 21 km/h from A to B to C to D, as shown.
Florence ran at a constant speed from A directly to C and then to D. They
left A at the same time and arrived at D at the same time. How many
222
minutes after Florence did Angela arrive at C?
8 km
D
B 15 km C 7 km
A) 0 B) 8 C) 6 D) 7 E) 5
8. In ABC , ABC  90 and D is on AB. If BD = 18, DC = 18 and AD =30,
then find AC.
30
B 18 C
D 14
A) 40 B) 35 C) 45 D) 60 E) 65
9. Two vertical towers, AB and CD, are located 16 m apart on flat ground, as
shown. Tower AB is 18 m tall and tower CD is 30 m tall. Ropes are tied
from A to C and from B to C. Assuming the ropes are taut, the total length
of rope, in m, is
223
18 m 30 m
B 16 m D
A) 54 B) 64 C) 44 D)48 E)59
10. In a right-angled triangle, the sum of the squares of the three side lengths is
1800. The length of its hypotenuse is
A) 42 B) 21 C) 90 D) 30 E) 45
11. CMC2009 (10): Judi leans a 25 m ladder against a vertical wall with the
bottom of the ladder 7 m from the wall. As she pulls the bottom of the
ladder away from the wall, the top of the ladder slides 4 m down the wall.
How far did she pull the ladder from its original position?
224
4m
25 m
7m
A)4m B) 11m C)2m D)13m E) 8m
12. In the diagram, the value of the height h is
20
h
25
A) 6 B) 9 C) 10 D) 12 E) 15
13. In the diagram, the horizontal distance between adjacent dots in the same
row is 1. Also, the vertical distance between adjacent dots in the same
column is 1. What is the perimeter of quadrilateral ABCD?
225
A B
A) 12 B) 13 C) 14 D) 15 E) 16
14. In the diagram, ABCD is a rectangle with AD =13, DE = 5 and EA = 12.
The area of ABCD is
A D
B E C
A)39 B) 60 C)52 D)30 E) 25
15. ABCD is a rectangle with F and E on DC as shown. The perimeter of
quadrilateral ABEF is
226
A 50 B
25 25 24
D F E C
A) 114 B) 148 C) 100 D) 136 E) 134
16. Two poles, BE and CF, are placed perpendicular to the ground and 12 m
apart. Pole BE is 4 m in length and pole CF is 7.5 m in length.
A tarp is placed over the poles and secured to the ground at P, 3 m from the
base of pole BE, and S, 4 m from the base of pole RT.
Determine AE  EF  FD , the length of the tarp.
E
7.5
4
A 3 B 12 C 4 D
227
17. In the diagram, CAB  90 . Point D is on AB and point E is on AC so
that AB = AC=DE, DB = 9, and EC = 8. Determine the length of DE.
D
E
B C
18. In the diagram, ABC is a right triangle with ABC  90o , BD = 6m, AB =
8 m, and the area of ADC is 50% more than area of ABD . Determine the
perimeter of ADC .
B 6 C
D
19. A rectangular piece of paper is 30cm wide and 40 cm long. The paper is
folded so that the two diagonally opposite corners, A and C, coincide.
228
Determine the length of the crease, FE, created by the fold.
A F D
A D
B B E C
C
20. 8 -2014(14): Rectangle ABCD and right triangle DCE have the same area.
They are joined to form a trapezoid, as shown. What is DE?
A 6 D
B E
C
A)12 B) 13 C) 14 D) 15 E) 16
229
21. The diagram is made up of four regular pentagons that are all the same size.
I B
A
H C
F E
G D
N L
J
M K
a) Find the measure of angle AEJ.
Show your calculations and explain your reasons.
…………………………………………………………………
b) Find the measure of angle EJF.
Explain your reasons and show how you figured it out.
…………………………………………………………………
c) Find the measure of angle KJM.
Explain how you figured it out.
…………………………………………………………………
230
CLASSIFYING QUADRILATERALS
From common core standards
1. Complete the blank spaces below with the word ‘ALL’, ‘Some’ or ‘No’ to
make the statements about quadrilaterals correct, giving reasons for your
word choice. Your reasons can include diagrams.
a) _____________ rectangles are squares.
Reason for your choice of word.
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
This is done for you.
Some rectangles are squares. A square has all the properties of a rectangle
with the additional property of four congruent sides.
b) _____________ rhombuses are parallelograms.
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
231
c) _____________ rectangles are parallelograms.
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
d) _____________ parallelograms are squares.
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
e) _____________ squares are rhombuses.
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
2. Which of the following quadrilaterals must have at least one pair of
congruent sides? Circle all that apply.
RECTANGLE SQUARE TRAPEZOID
PARALLELOGRAM RHOMBUS
Explain your answer.
………………………………………………………………………………
232
3. Which of the following quadrilaterals diagonals must bisect each other
at right angles? Circle all that apply.
RECTANGLE SQUARE TRAPEZOID
PARALLELOGRAM RHOMBUS
Explain your answer.
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
233
CIRCLE
1. In figure, O is the center of a circle with points A, B, C, and D on the
circumference. If BOC  50 and CO = CD, determine the measure of
BAD .
O
B 50°
D
2. A circle with center O has points A, B and C on its circumference.
OBA  20 and OCA  52 . Determine the measure of BOC and the
measure of BAC . What is the relationship between these two angles?
234
20° 52°
C
B
3. 8 -2014(15): The circumference of the circle with center O is divided into
12 equal arcs, marked the letters A through L as seen below. What is the
number of degrees in the sum of the angles x and y?
235
B
A C
L x D
K O E
J F
y
I G
H
A) 75 B)80 C)90 D) 120 E) 150
236
MENSURATION
1. ABCD is a square with AB = x + 16 and BC = 3x, as shown. The perimeter
of ABCD is
A x + 16 B
3x
D C
A) 16 B) 32 C) 96 D) 48 E) 24
2. Rectangle ABCD is divided into eight squares, as shown. The side length
of each shaded square is 10. What is the length of the side of the largest
square?
A B
D C
A) 18 B) 24 C) 16 D) 23 E) 25
237
3. In the diagram, the perimeter of rectangle is 56. What is its area?
x-2
x+4
A) 247 B) 187 C) 169 D) 135 E)775
4. The lengths of the three sides of a triangle are 7, x  4 and 2x 1. The
perimeter of the triangle is 36. What is the length of the longest side of the
triangle?
A) 7 B) 12 C) 17 D) 15 E) 16
5. 90(8): The area of the figure is 100 square cm. Its perimeter is
( Figure consists of 4 identical squares)
A) 20cm B) 25 cm C) 30cm
D) 40cm E) 50cm
238
6. The perimeter of the given figure is
12 cm
8 cm 10 cm
6 cm
A) 36 cm B) 44 cm C) 52 cm
D) 60 cm E)72cm
239
7. Of the five figures shown, the one with the greatest perimeter is
A B
1 1
1
1
C
D
A) A B) B C) C D) D E)E
8. An equilateral triangle of side length 1 is cut out of the middle of each side
of a square of side length 3, as shown. What is the perimeter of the
resulting square?
240
9. The area of rectangle shown is 192. What is the perimeter of the rectangle?
24
A) 64 B) 384 C) 192 D) 1728 E) 32
10. PC2000-7: Three squares with the same center and corresponding parallel
sides are drawn. The distance between the sides of successive squares is 3
and the side length of the largest square is 22 as shown. What is the
perimeter of the smallest square?
3 3
3
3
22
A)40 B) 100 C)10 D)64 E) 20
11. CC- 2000(3): In the given diagram, the numbers shown are the lengths of
the sides. What is the perimeter of the figure?

241
A)13 B) 18 C)22 D)21 E) 19
12. 05-11: Rectangle ABCD is made up of six squares. The area of the two
squares are shown. The perimeter of the rectangle ABCD, in centimeters, is
A D
36 sq.cm
25 sq.cm
B C
A)50 B) 44 C)46 D)52 E) 48
13. A paved pedestrian path is 10 feet wide. A blue line is painted down the
middle. If the edges of the path measure 80 feet, 20 feet, 40 feet and 60
feet, as shown, what is the length of the blue line?
242
80 ft
10 feet
20 ft
40 ft 60 ft
10 ft
A)200 B) 195 C)190 D)185 E) 180
14. The side lengths of an equilateral triangle and a square are integers. If the
triangle and square have the same perimeter, which of the following is a
possible side length of the triangle?
A)1 B) 10 C)18 D)20 E) 25
15. CMC2013 (5): In the diagram, rectangle ABCD has AB = 30 and rectangle
EFGH has HG = 15. If D is on EF and F is on DC so that DF = 10, then EC
equals
243
A 30 B
E F
D C
H 15 G
A)20 B) 25 C)55 D)45 E) 35
16. In the diagram, the rectangular wire grid contains 15 identical squares. The
length of the rectangular grid is 10. What is the length of the wire needed to
construct the grid?
10
A)60 B) 70 C) 120 D) 66 E) 76
17. In the diagram, a smaller square lies inside a larger square. The perimeter
of the smaller square is 72 cm. The shaded area is 160 cm 2 . The perimeter
244
of the larger square, in cm, is
A) 58 B) 88 C) 116 D)121 E)112
18. In the diagram, what is the perimeter of polygon ABCDE?
A 3 B
3
6
C
E D
7
A) 24 B) 23 C) 25 D)26 E)27
19. In the diagram, the rectangle has a width of x, a length of 8, and a perimeter
of 24. What is the ratio of its width to its length?
245
A) 1 : 4 B) 1 : 3 C) 1 : 2
D) 3 : 8 E) 2 : 3
20. In the diagram, rectangle ABCD is divided into two regions, AEFCD and
EBCF, of equal area. If EB = 40, AD = 80 and EF = 30, what is the length
of AE?
A E 40 B
30
80
D C
A) 20 B) 24 C) 10 D) 15 E) 30
246
21. In the diagram, AD < BC. What is the perimeter of ABCD?
A 7 D
4 5
B C
A) 23 B) 26 C) 27 D) 28 E) 30
22. ABCD is a rectangle with F and E on DC as shown. The perimeter of
quadrilateral ABEF is
A 50 B
25 25 24
D F E C
A) 114 B) 148 C) 100
D) 136 E) 134
23. The letter T is formed by placing two 2 inch  4 inch rectangles next to each
other, as shown. What is the perimeter of the T, in inches?
247
A) 12 B) 16 C) 20 D) 22 E)24
24. In the diagram, rectangle ABCD is divided into three identical squares. If
ABCD has perimeter 120 cm, what is its area in square cm?
A B
D C
A) 225 B) 360 C) 675 D) 432 E)144
25. The rectangles ABCD and EFGD overlap as shown. What is the area of
ABHFGD?
248
2 B
A
7
H F
E
3
C
D
5 G
A) 35 B) 24 C) 25 D) 17 E)23
26. The area of the two squares inside the square ABCD is 4 sq.cm and 9
sq.cm. The area of the shaded part, in square cm is
A B
D C
A) 13 B) 12 C) 36 D) 6 E)72
249
27. Two rectangles overlap with their common region being a smaller
rectangle, as shown. The total area of the shaded region is
5 3
2
4
A) 45 B) 70 C) 52 D) 79 E) 73
28. PC-96(9): A square with perimeter 20 is contained within a larger square
of perimeter 28. The area of the shaded region is
A)8 B) 96 C)24 D)4 E) 28
29. 2011(10): In the diagram, ABCD is a square. Square ABCD is divided into
five rectangles, as shown. The area of the shaded rectangle is

250
A B
8
2
10
D C
A)49 B) 28 C)22 D)57 E) 16
30. CMC 2012 (7): Five identical squares form rectangle ABCD, as shown.
The perimeter of the rectangle ABCD is 48. What is the area of ABCD?
A B
D C
A)45 B) 9 C)80 D)16 E) 96
251
31. Gauss 96(16) : The area of the triangle ABC is
2 6
C
A)32 B) 24 C)16 D)17 E) 20
32. PC99-9: In the diagram, each small square is 1 cm by 1 cm. The area of the
shaded region, in square centimeters, is
A)2.75 B) 3 C)3.25 D)4.5 E) 6
33. CC- 2000(16): In the diagram, ABCD is a rectangle with AD =13, DE = 5
and EA = 12. The area of ABCD is
252
A D
B E C
A)39 B) 60 C)52 D)30 E) 25
34. GC-2000(19): The diagram shows two isosceles right-triangles with sides
as marked. What is the area of the shaded region in square centimeters??
5 cm
3 cm
A)4.5 B) 8 C)12.5 D)16 E) 17
35. FERMAT 01(7): In the diagram, square ABCD has side length2, with E
the midpoint of BC and F the midpoint of DC. The area of the shaded
region BEFD is
253
A B
2 E
D F C
A) 1 B) 4/3 C)3/2 D)4 E) 3
36. F 02-5: A shaded rectangle, measuring 20 cm by 40 cm, is inside a
rectangle measuring 50 cm by 100 cm. What percentage of the area of the
shaded rectangle covers the outer rectangle?
A)24% B) 16% C)20% D)25% E)40%
37. Four congruent rectangles and a square are assembled without overlapping
to form a large square, as shown. Each of the rectangles has a perimeter of
254
40 cm. The total area of the large square is
A)160 cm 2 B) 200 cm 2 C) 400 cm 2
D) 800 cm 2 E)1600 cm 2
38. In the diagram, ABCD and AEFD are rectangles. Also, AD= 2, DF = 3 and
AB = 8. What is the area of rectangle EBCF?
A E B
D 3 F C
A)6 B) 16 C) 10 D) 15 E) 24
39. Square ABCD has an area of 900. E is the midpoint of AB and F is the
midpoint of AD. What is the area of triangle AEF?
255
A E B
D C
A)100 B) 112.5 C) 150 D) 225 E) 180
40. An equilateral triangle has a side length of 20. If a square has the same
perimeter as this triangle, the area of the square is
A)25 B) 400 C) 225 D) 60 E) 100
41. In the diagram, the grid is made up of squares. What is the area of the
shaded region?
12
A) 19 B) 24 C) 14 D) 12 E) 8
42. In the diagram, ABC has BAC 90 , AB = 10 and BC = 26. The area of
ABC is
256
26
10
C
A
A) 100 B) 120 C) 130 D) 60 E) 312
43. In the diagram, the area of the rectangle ABCD is 40.The area of BCFE is
A 4 E 4 B
D F 2 C
A) 15 B) 10 C) 30 D) 12 E) 16
44. What is the area, in m 2 , of the shaded part of the rectangle?
4m
14 m
A) 14 B) 28 C) 33.6 D) 56 E) 42
257
45. In the diagram, a 4 9 grid ABEG is formed from thirty-six 11 squares.
Lines AC and DF are drawn with C and D on BE. What is the ratio of the
shaded area to the unshaded area?
A G
F
B C D E
A) 5 : 9 B) 9 : 8 C) 4 : 5
D) 9 : 5 E) 5 : 4
46. A rectangular field has a length of 20 meters and a width of 5 meters. If its
length is increased by 10m, by how many square meters will its area be
increased?
A) 10 B) 20 C)50 D)75 E) 100
47. A square has an area of 36 cm 2 . Its perimeter, in centimeters, is
A) 72 B) 36 C) 24 D) 81 E) 144
48. 2007(8) – 14: In trapezoid ABCD, AD is perpendicular to DC, AD =AB =
3, and DC = 6. In addition, E is on DC, and BE is parallel to AD. Find the
area of triangle BEC.
258
A 3 B
D E
C
6
A) 3 B) 4.5 C) 6 D) 9 E) 18
49. BOOK VI - Page 1. Q3: A square is cut into three rectangles along lines
parallel to a side, as shown. If the perimeter of each of the three rectangles
is 24, then the area of the original square is
A) 21 B) 36 C) 64 D) 81 E) 96
50. Five paving stones are arranged as shown. Each of the four rectangular
stones is 5 units long and 3 units wide. The area of the square stone is
259
A) 1 B) 4 C) 8 D) 9 E) 16
51. The large square has a perimeter of 56 and the small square has a perimeter
of 40. What is the area of the shaded region?
A) 24 B) 16 C) 20 D) 4 E) 96
52. The base of a triangle is tripled and height is halved. The ratio of the area
of the new triangle to the area of the original triangle is
A) 3 : 4 B) 9 : 4 C) 3 : 2 D) 4 : 3 E) 2 : 3
53. Kalyan cut rectangle R from a sheet of paper. A smaller rectangle is then
cut from the large rectangle R to produce figure S. In comparing R to S
260
4 cm
8 cm
6 cm
6 cm S 5 cm
R
8 cm
8 cm
A) the area and perimeter both decrease.
B) The area decreases and the perimeter increases.
C) The area and perimeter both increase.
D) The area increases and the perimeter decreases
E) the area decreases and the perimeter stays the same.
54. The length and width of a rectangle are both doubled. When the new
rectangle is compared to the original rectangle
A) the area and the perimeter are the same.
B) The area and the perimeter are both doubled.
C) The area is doubled and the perimeter is four times as large as the
original perimeter.
D) The area is four times as large as the original triangle and the
perimeter is doubled.
261
E) The area and the perimeter are both four times as large as the original
are and perimeter.
55. ABCD is a rectangle, with E the midpoint of BC and F the midpoint of DC.
If CE = 4 and FC = 5, what percent of the area of the rectangle is shaded?
A B
D F C
A) 70 B) 78 C) 80 D) 87.5 E) 75
56. In the diagram, ABCD is a square and E is the midpoint of AB. The area
of triangle BCE is 100. The area of the square ABCD is
A D
B C
A) 200 B) 500 C) 300 D) 400 E) 800
262
57. In the diagram, square ABCD is made up of 36 squares, each with side
length 1. The area of the square EFGH , in square units, is
A E B
F
H
D G C
A) 12 B) 16 C) 18 D) 20 E)25
58. The figure has a perimeter 32. Its area is
x+1
5
4
A) 32 B) 44 C) 61 D) 64 E) 26
59. ABCD is a square that is made up of two squares of area 4 cm 2 , 16 cm 2
and two identical rectangles. What is the area, in cm 2 , of the square
ABCD?
A) 64 B) 49 C) 25 D) 36 E) 20
263
60. In the diagram, ABCD is a rectangle with points P and Q on AD so that AB
= AP =PQ = QD. Also, point R is on DC with DR = DC. If BC = 24, what
is the area of PQR ?
A P Q D
B 24 C
61. Trapezoid ABCD has three equal sides AB = AD = DC. The base BC is 2
cm less than the sum of the lengths of the other three sides. The distance
between the parallel sides is 5 cm. Determine the area of trapezoid ABCD.
A D
B C
264
62. Rectangle DEFG has square ABCD removed leaving an area of 92 m 2 . Side
AE = 4 m and side CG = 8 m. Determine the area of rectangle DEFG.
E F
B
A
D C G
63. PQRS is a rectangle. A and B are points on QR such that QA =AB = BR. C
is the midpoint of PQ. The area of  ACS is 10 cm 2 . Determine the area of
rectangle PQRS.
P S
Q A B R
265
64. AMC 8 - 2000(25): The area of a rectangle ABCD is 72 square cm. If
point A and the midpoints of BC and CD are joined to form a triangle AEF,
the area of the triangle AEF is
A B
D F C
A)21 B) 27 C) 30 D) 36 D)40
65. In the diagram ABCD is a square of side 3 units. Points X, G are on side
DC with CX = XG = GD = 1. Points E, Y are on side BC with CY = YE =
EB = 1. Line segments EF and YH are perpendicular to BC and Line
segments GF and XH are perpendicular to DC. The ratio of shaded area to
the unshaded area is
266
A B
E
F
H Y
D G X C
A) 2 : 1 B) 7 : 3 C) 7 : 4 D) 5 : 4 E) 3 : 1
66. In the diagram, ABCD is a rectangle. If the area of triangle ABE is 40, then
the area of the shaded region is
D E C
10
A B
A) 20 B) 40 C) 60 D) 50 E) 80
67. In the following slightly irregular shape.
□ AB = 50 cm, CD = 15 cm, EF = 30 cm
□ the area of the shaded triangle DEF is 210 square cm

267
□ the area of the entire figure ABCDE is 1000square cm.
Determine the length of AE.
A E
G D
B C
68. 8 – 2009(7): The triangular plot of land ACD lies between Aspen Road,
Brown Road and a railroad. Main Street runs east and west, and the railroad
runs north and south. The numbers in the diagram indicate distances in
miles. The width of the railroad track can be ignored. How many square
miles are in the plot of land ACD?
268
3
Aspen
Brown C
3
3
A B
Main
A)2 B) 3 C)4.5 D) 6 E)9
69. 8 – 2008(23): In square ABCE, AF = 2 FE and CD = 2 DE. What is the
ratio of the area of BFD to the area of square ABCE?
A B
E D C
1 2 5 1 7
A) B) C) D) E)
6 9 18 3 20
70. 8 – 2007(23): What is the area of the shaded pinwheel shown in the 5 5
grid?
269
A)4 B) 6 C) 8 D) 10 E) 12
71. 8 – 2000(6): Figure ABCD is a square. Inside this square three smaller
squares are drawn with side lengths as labeled. The area of the shaded-
shaped region is
D 1 A
1
3 1
C B
A)7 B) 10 C)12.5 D)14 E) 15
72. 8 – 2005(13): The area of the polygon ABCDEF is 52 with AB = 8, BC =
9 and FA= 5. What is DE  EF ?
270
A 8 B
E 9
F
D C
A) 7 B) 8 C) 9 D) 10 E)11
73. AJHSME – 93(18): The rectangle shown has length AC =32, width AE =
20, and B and F are midpoints of AC and AE, respectively. The area of
quadrilateral ABDF is
A B C
E D
A) 320 B) 325 C)330 D) 335 E)340
74. AJHSME – 89(15): The area of the shaded region BEDC is in
parallelogram ABCD is
271
B 10 C
A E 6 D
A) 24 B) 48 C) 60 D) 64 E)80
75. In the rectangle shown, the area of the shaded region is
2 cm
5 cm
12 cm
A) 60 cm 2 B) 20 cm 2 C) 30 cm 2
D) 40 cm 2 E) 50 cm 2
272
76. 8 - 09(8): The length of a rectangle is increased by 10% and the width is
decreased by 10%. What percent of the old area is the new area?
A) 90 B) 99 C) 100 D) 101 E) 110
77. The dots in the diagram are one unit apart, horizontally and vertically.
Determine the area of the figure.
78. The figure is a rectangle made of ten squares, none of which have the same
area. If area of squares A, B are 49, 144 respectively, find the area of the
273
other eight squares. Is the rectangle a square?
AREA OF A is 49
G F
B A
D
E
C
I
J
AREA OF B is 144
(Page 439, Geometry, Scott, Foresman)
274
PIE CHARTS, BAR DIAGRAMS
1. The circle graph shows the results of asking 150 students to choose pizza,
Thai food, or Greek food. How many students chose Greek food?
Pizza
20%
Greek Thai
38%
A) 78 B) 32 C) 48 D) 58 E) 63
2. The pie chart shows a percentage breakdown of 1000 votes in a student
election. How many votes did Sue receive?
Jim
20%
Sue
Jane
45%
275
A) 550 B) 350 C) 330 D) 450 E) 935
3. The diagram shows a circle graph which shows the amount of homework
done on each day by Grade 9 class. Based on the circle graph, what
percentage of students do at least one hour of homework per day?
More than 2
1 to 2
Less than 1
A) 25% B) 33% C) 50%
D) 67% E) 75%
4. The graph shows the number of hours Deepit worked over a three day
period. What is the total number of hours that he worked on Saturday and
Sunday?
276
6
Time
4
(hours)
2
Fri Sat Sun
A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8 E) 10
5. In the diagram, the center of the circle is O. The area of the shaded region
is 20% of the area of the circle. The value of x is
x°
A) 18 B) 45 C) 60 D) 72 E) 90
6. The circle graph shown illustrates the result of a survey taken by a High
School Student Council to determine the favorite cafeteria food. How
many of the 200 students surveyed said that their food was sandwiches?
277
Pizza Sandwiches
30%
Fries
Cookies 35%
A)10 B) 20 C) 35 D) 50 E) 70
7. The times it took for five runners to finish a 200 – meter race are shown in
the graph. The runner who took the least time is
Finish Time
in seconds
40
30
20
A B C D E
10
Runners
A)A B) B C) C D) D E) E
8. Vivian‟s cell phone bill includes the graph showing her cell phone use for
the month. She is charged
278
● $20 per month, plus
● $0.1 per minute for daytime calls, plus
●$0.05 per minute for evening calls. (The first 200 evening minutes are free.)
What is her total cell phone bill for the month shown?
400
300
Time
(min) 200
100
Daytime Evening
A) $25 B) $40 C) $45 D) $70 E) $75
9. The graph shows the nutritional contents of a Burger. Which ratio
compares the mass of fats to the mass of carbohydrates?
279
Nutritional Contents
48
C
40 A
R
Mass B
(g) 32 O
H
24 Y
F D P
A R R
16 T O
A
S T T
8 E E
S I
N
Nutrient
A) 3 : 2 B) 2 : 3 C) 2 : 1
D) 4 : 3 E) 3 : 4
10. At 2 p.m., Sanjay measures the temperature to be 3 C. He measures the
temperature every hour after this until 10 p.m. He plots the temperatures
that he measures on the graph shown. At what time after 2p.m.does he
again measure a temperature of 3 C?
280
Temperature in Waterloo
10
8
Temparature
°C 6
2 4 6 8 10
Time of the day (p.m.)
A) 9 p.m. B) 5 p.m. C) 8 p.m. D) 10 p.m. E) 7 p.m.
11. Anna walked at a constant rate. The graph shows that she walked 600
meters in 4 minutes. If she continued walking at the same rate, how far did
she walk in 6 minutes?
281
Distance - Time Graph

1000
800
Distance
(metres)
600
400
200
2 4 6 8
Time (minutes)
A) 700 m B) 750 m C) 800 m D) 900 m E) 1000 m
12. The graph shows styles of music on a playlist. Country music songs are
added to the playlist so that 40% of the songs are now Country. If the ratio
of Hip Hop songs to Pop songs remain the same, what percentage of the
total number of songs are now Hip Hop?
282
35%
65%
Pop
Hip Hop
A)7 B) 15 C) 21 D) 35 E) 39
13. At Gaussville School, a total of 480 students voted for their favorite
subject. The results are summarized in the pie chart shown. How many
students voted for math?
ART
10%
MATH MUSIC
40% 20%
SCIENCE
30%
A) 184 B) 192 C) 96 D) 144 E) 288

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September 25

PROPERTIES OF REAL NUMBERS

For all real numbers a, b and c

b) They went into the dark (green house).

iii) Power of a Product Rule abm  a mb m

vi) Zero Exponent Rule a 0  1, a0

A PROOF THAT (–) (–) = (+)

Equally obvious, moving in is + and moving out is –. Still further, it is evident

moving in ( + ) moving out ( –)

Good person (+) + _

Bad person (–) – +

Howard W. Eves, Mathematical Circles, Volume III, page 132

Proof of ( –1) ( –1) = 1

= ( –1) ( –1) + 0 (1) Property of zero

= ( –1) ( –1) + ( –1+ 1) ( 1) Law of inverse

= ( –1) ( –1) + ( –1) ( 1) + (1) (1) Distributive law

= ( –1) ( –1) + ( –1) ( 1) + (1) (1)

= ( –1) ( –1+ 1) + 1 Distributive law

= ( –1) ( 0 ) + 1 Law of inverse

=0+1 Property of zero

Enemy of an enemy is a friend.

1. This question is done for you.

a) This figure represents + 2

b) This figure also represents + 2.

away +5 from +2.

Therefore the following figure represents (+2) – (+5) = –3

Before crossing out the charges represented (+5) + (–3) = 2. From + 2, we

removed 5 positive charges. Hence it represents –3.

2. Why is this „4‟?

4. Show three more ways of making 3.

5. Can you make 3 using 11 charges (positive and negative)?

6. Write calculations for the following figures.

This is done for you.

(–5) + (+2) = (–3)

7. Draw charges for the following calculations:

ii) (+2) – (– 5) = (+7)

iv) (– 2) – (+5) = (–7)

v) (+5) – (–2) = (+7)

vi) (– 5) – (+2 ) = (–7)

8. Draw charges for

ii) (+5) + (–2)

reserved for this club?

A) 297 B) 330 C) 363 D) 396 E) 726

Monday –150 Tuesday +106

Wednesday –47 Thursday + 182

What was the net change for the week?

A) a loss of 119 B) a gain of 119

11. The value of 11  3 (5  2) is

12. The value of 12  6  3 2 1 is

14. A student using a calculator mistakenly multiplies by 10 instead of dividing

by 10. The incorrect answer on display is 600. The correct answer is

A) 0.6 B) 6 C) 60 D) 6000 E) 60,000

15. The value of 12  4 (3  7) is

16. The value of 12 13 is

17. If x  2 and y  3 , the value of  x 2  ( y) 2 is

A) 5 B) –5 C)13 D) –13 E)1

18. 7 11 is same as

19. Veronica is flying from Paris to Vancouver. The temperature is 22 C in

Paris and the temperature drops by 33o C in Vancouver, the temperature of

A) –33o C B) –11o C C) 11o C

20.  5  (11) is equal to

21.  10  (25) is equal to

A) –35 B) 35 C) –15 D)15

_. _. _. _. ___. 16 , 64 , 1024