Relations

and
Functions
 LET’S
RECALL
Relation
- any set of ordered
pairs
Domain is the set of first
coordinates
Range is the set of second
coordinates
Function
- a relation in which
each element of the
domain corresponds to
exactly one element
of the range
Characteristics of a
Function
1. Each element in
domain X must be
matched with exactly
one element in range Y.
Characteristics of a
Function
2. Some elements in Y
may not be matched
with any element in X.
Characteristics of a
Function
3. Two or more
elements in X may be
matched with the
same element in Y.
Remember:
A function can be represented
in different ways:
•Ordered pair
•Table of values
•Mapping diagram
•Graph
•Equation
Example 1
Determine whether the following
relations are functions or not.

a. {(1,2), (2,5), (3,10), (4,17)}

b. {(1,2), (2,3), (2,0), (3,5)}
c. {(-6,-6), (-4,-4), (-2,-2),
(0,0)}
Mapping Diagram
Laura February
Lou May
Nat June
Yolly August
Faye September
Neil December
Mapping Diagram
Abby
Angel 15
Len
Lealyn
Mara 14
Veronica
Mica 13
Graphs
The Vertical Line Test

A graph represents a
function if and only if no
vertical line intersects
the graph in more than
one point.
Equations

y= x 2 +1
y = 10x
y=x-2
Which of the ff. equations
describes a function?

x 2+y–4=0
3x + xy = 2y + 1
x +y =4
2 2
Remember:
Not all equations with the
variables x and y define a
function. If an equation is
solved for y and more than one
value of y can be obtained for a
particular value of x, then the
equation does not define y as a
function of x.
Which of the ff. equations describes
a function?

1) x2 +y–4=0
Which of the ff. equations describes
a function?

2) 3x + xy = 2y + 1
Which of the ff. equations describes
a function?

3) x 2 + y2 =4
Some Types of Functions
Linear Function
A function f is a linear function if
f(x) = mx + b, where m and b are real
numbers, and m and f(x) are not both equal
to zero.

Quadratic Function
A quadratic function is any equation of the
form f(x) = ax2+ bx + c where a, b, and c
are real numbers and a ≠ 0.
Some Types of Functions
Constant Function
A linear function f is a constant function if
f(x) = mx + b, where m = 0 and b is any
real number. Thus, f(x) = b.

Identity Function
A linear function f is an identity function if
f(x) = mx + b, where m = 1 and b = 0.
Thus, f(x) = x.
Some Types of Functions
Absolute Value Function
The function f is an absolute value function if
for all real numbers x,
f(x) = x, for x ≥ 0
–x, for x ≤ 0

Piecewise Function
A piecewise function or a compound function is
a function defined by multiple sub-functions,
where each sub-function applies to a certain
interval of the main function's domain.
Some Types of Functions
One-to-One Function
A one-to-one function is a function in which
for each value of y in the range of f, there is
just one value of x in the domain of such
that y=f(x).

In other words, f is one-to-one if f(x1)= f(x2)

implies x1 = x2.