liA-UA.U PE.t-..J\1-,.J~U~ i:=012M°.

::> A ~-tt2cµ,
10 il-£ C0l-'1Pl..SX.\'T'-/ ~ "TI--\€ \WO~TQ?
Or 6R~ M-ID -n..1E '
\}-...1 }...IUME.Qp.GLE..
O'F 71--\.t... J,..'i2GW\~t:,..6(). \1A.L'-i \-\.~'? ~

~RBOUQS MJD Ft4-/ \ ~ C i S f:>JJ:;>kb

CL-IMt..TIC. - Oi=>-ITP-t>L. rr~---i \S oE:-W\A:.

c..1 ..\\...JU'--/ , v-1\-\\L.£.. 1\.-\£. SOJt-1-\ IS
CL\~i£..
. \ f-02 P\'-'la
..
... . t.... ~UC) TRJi:

.,, )~ 0~ ~

GO\.-J':::>T\
PAt-JGAc;I~ STATE U~I\JE:.~SITY U~~E.TA CAMPld~
,: -....,JQQ<:
or ARO-\\TECTuPE 1
w1 ~-ro RY
H O UP.A"( ~ ·, OOAM -10-00 AM ~ ~OM!
DA-T\0\J
A S36t--JMEl<-IT WO. r;;;
-, Bl.Ji' ,~
. l.JT\L
. . p.;'v-1'6
P-, .

)..lo
. rr. R02AN ' .0\--1~\
..ID~ ,

;:.. '-l~r;al
I

t:::

ARCH\JECTURE . .

. .
PCSt>.P~s , 1-'1 lv~As~
Q.0- lJR - 2.059

0
 I'
\P.\3 Lt- ,t=- A,,Uc.J\ E,1--.ri
01== \.,-l?11 -n.JT\ 0

t:D ~\C N ~--- $ JOR~\v'

r=-RO~ --n-tE~
-,

. ~ \-\\STORY OF R ot---1A~.J \0\0 Or Q,O J

: ARd-i\TEC ..TURE 01 uf \0 °~1

MAuOR l~\="LUEl-- Jc:E.S i oz. 'B - e- . .;;ol,
03 -~e~ n...).
. GOHPARAT\\-ll="" Al.lA.LY0\1?
: GREATES "T CO~TRlG UT\O~ OF 1~\ -SMP\~
: ROt-lA.t--1 ~RCMlTE.C....TURE \U THE 'v-1~ 01

·. MODE:-R~ v.JCQLD 04 --!f;b-'2 j:).. D .

: M~P C+- R.Dt··•1,.6.t,....1 EH P\ RE OS ~ ~

: TE.,U F=AMOUS A-~ITEGT URAL \iZE. -

EXA.MPLE . CF p..RGH\""i"E.C..iUt2'E i~
ROMA-U 06
EV.A-Lu&-T \OU CA= 'y..JQR\<. 01
\3\t:,L-1061 <.APHY 0~

U::,E,D R:)12 11-"5 '-'l.....rrbGE.

C;.bl.JOC .6..UQ cot=-rE:£. 1~
.,
'"lc$Tlt....lG 1-Ql2 ~ ~l<:A--l lS Ir \
~ ~ ~ C,M.10\..£ ae. -n.lE.
 . Ft6A-Dt»:,, Mt:::4-,\6.E..L Q:...

HIS10l2-f OF A~IT~TU12E:. .i
. H\STORY o;:- ROMA"--1 AAc~\TEC.TURE:
cJf ROMA~ A.Rc.+4\TE::C....T URE C..01--IT\µUEO Tl-\E.
~ \
: LE<:::iAc,Y La=T G'-1 7"\-\£. °EAl<UER t:,.R..ci-4 \7t,G,l'S CJP
: 11-1-E 6t:2t-s:K WDQLD , ,&\-JD THE t20MA.t,.J QE:G,ps.c.,T
R:X2 I\-\-¥; Tl2AD\TIOW A)..Jf,) TW~\l<. P6..'\2T"\GlJLM2
~ FCIQ T\-E E~T.AGL-\SpE:D A-12G¼+\TEC- -
il.JQAL 02.~ €:Sy'Ec.,\,A.L-L'-/ lHE C..012\).....1-r,-\\t:,,,t---\ .

l201'1Af\...1S. y..JEJ2E.. b,J_';;O 61Zf"AT 11'.Jt--.JOv'ATORS t>+--lD

~ y ~\C-KL'-' .,~,DOPTE-P ).....IE."'vJ c.a..JC::;,"TRlJvT\Ol,....l'?
~ ~C{..\t-..l\QUE-~, ~ u-e:w MA-~\AcL.c.:, , AklD
: UU \ Q LI E:.LY C..Ot-1\':?:>\lJE..D EX \ST\ l,.J6 TB::..l--H-.J \ G.UE.S.
'\,,J\Tl--\ VKE.A,Tl\..JE PE.(::.\C=:it-l 10 P~ODU~ 6 '-41\-\0LE
~~6E OF WE\.J A'i2C+-IITE.vTU~L S>Tl2L\C.XU\2B?
SLJa..t J:,G 11-lE 0A€:>l~\CA , TQ\UHPUAL ,&'12~,
MOUUt--l~kJi""~L AQUE.DuGT . At-,,1pµ\"'f\..\tAil'2:€: , :-r-11
612~ BUILOIJJ6, AlJD RE.0\~kli\ /.\L l--\O\.JS\U6 - U1'-11
13LCPK . \'20Mb.l--..\0 ALS::O CiZE.Ai'E:.-\7 11--tE. GOMPCG\"TE. ~'"tQ

M\ X'EV VOLUTE- OF i+-\£

CAP\,A.L 'v.../1-\.\CA-4
\O~\C.. ~ vJ\iH "TUE. ACAkl'TWU0 U=AVE.S- <OF D:~ !::>S
I

'P.
- 11--4E CVRIIUT\--HJ~.J . ,Wt.. fiRCS:,1 ALL - M6.12GLL
BL\IL£71"--IC:> 'v,.../AS 11.\,£. Tf=:,t-.-1PL.E.. Or uUP\ Tf::.R
0Tb.TOl2 11'..J t20ME L \46 GGl:: ) . t3E:..S.\DE'..S Ml!.A2BL--"E..
ir.2A-\JE-RTtl--..lE. 'yJµ\TE U\'-1E~1Vt-..l'E vJAS ~
HAPE. A.'-/A\ LA GL...£ ~ol'--1 QL,\A";Z\<\E..S.. 11--E. ~
P\D tJOT"' \l--\VleA--IT UM'E. MOt2-T.6,R Cl.JT n.\€-'-1 ~
TUE. l='\R~T iO ~ ,-µ.E 'FUL--L P~\B\U11~
O'F UGIJJ6 \T 1D Pt20vUCE CD--1Gt2E-iE.. .
o;:. ;.s
.,'.:-0µ'5> ~
~ '-,,von
'"tsiu~ Qiµ~ ......,Ut:A'~
-t1/""
,0\.,(....)..- I ~Cl

· H\Si'OA\CAL - Tl-\E. 'FCUUDATIDW

cr U Uc..,E..{2 T A,I µ ~ E , \3L...IT

1b.~E.tJ AC;;, G. C-. 7!50 , bUP U~TIL. T3

 W\-E:>TOR:·--1 OF ~PiG-H\TE:.C-TUQ .E i
MA uO R l~F\. -UE. .t--Jc ..E.e ,
GE.O GRt, ..pµ\C AL - T\....\E. C-Ot---1P.6.C2A1l'-I~ ?\M9 L-\ -
0\T',' O'F TW'E. l.Q..J6 COAST - u1-..JE:. OP ~
liAUA --U PE:kl\t,..J9>ULP- 1=012-M'? A •:::•it2 Qµ6 C0Uil 2t:G"T
7D 71--\E.. CO~P LEX\" T'-1 ~
OF 6 R . ~ M..ID , ~
71--1€
\
lWDE:-1--4T'E-O COt£: >T-L. .I~~
l}-lt--JUME-f2/:>.GLE.. \SL.A-1--10'3,
61::.. ,
1E.Ol.,IC.AS
'bl
OF 71-\t..
~RG OUQ S
P.,\2C W\PE LA60 . \ib.L'-- l
bUD i=t)...<_/ t ~ r ; t ; ,
\-+AS ~ ~-n.J t2AL
t.>LO LG
P\(
}-l -i;:..)--1
'?\-\ 0~.
CLIM ATIC - c:E-1-...lTP-bL
SUt-... H..J'-/, '-.<...1\..-\\L£ ""ti..\£
l"QOP \CAL . Tl-\lS VA-12.IE-i'-f O\=
IS <Sl)1=-'FIG\5WT iO ACCOU"---TT
ITAL~ \S 6~1JI AL-
sa..;, H
CL\t--,/\A--r-£
FOK'.
M.JD
IS -6.LMOS"T
COI-- ID\1\0 WS
D\'---IE,e<:;:>\T'"f en==
f?
,6.QC H-17t' ..0TU\ 2AL 'FEA TU'2€ 0 ~UD T~TM 5f..._ .lT 11-....\
- ~ PE-W lklS,U ~ IT'3>E..L..F
RE-L .161 OUS -- TWE REU 6l0~ CJ~ 4,UulE :)....Ii" t20M'E.
~~ Pl.:>f2-T OF Tl-+E. C-01:-,l':';, i7 TUT\ OU OF
n.\£ 0T6.T E. bt..JD 'E..VE: ,lu "tWE ~OQ SU\P OF" ,Wt:
GOOS , \.JW \a-\ ~ E .t>c::c>P""tt:-0 ~e>M 71-+E. (::il2E .t:K.
1
. l-HS 10A \CA L - Tl--\"E.
+=Ct)U DA-ilO k-1 ~ 12-0M E IS
a7
c
UUGE-(2T"A,lt,..J D&'E. ., BL.Ji lS 6'{cA-...fE.r2.b U....>1
1.b.'KE:.tJ A.C:;:, G. C-. 7150, .6,.Up UklT IL B. C-. £{X) n--c::,
Dt-\ J~LO PM~ t>,WD DE.0 TlW\b 6 ¥-IS'i Z~ \W , ,..:rE.
}-\~WDS a:: £At2L -'i K\UG 0. ROl---1L\~\ EMP I~ 'v-lt:::.S
D\\.... .J\D~ 1Ui0 E~0 T ,&WD '-.A..1 ~0T '-"-/\T H
iv..JO-S.. NP~ ~? A,µD ~ '{f;;,/S'2. A- D. 365 ' ""TI-rE
'" RoM AU ""11..\E %.6-Q A. D. 4-""7 5" M ~ --n..re: r---U
D. OF
iUE "-<-/ES,TE-12l--\ lZ~M ---l ~M Pl f2:E..

GAA LDE K
Q..l A~D A ~Gu::
11.J Pr2e:~:r - ~
 ~D M , M IGU.6E.-L et-.
I-\-IST012>( OI= A-RC,\...\ 11f,::vT Ll12 '£. 1
C.0 1'-/ \PA .QA TIV E. .AU AL -"'< 0\ 0

- I

2:£ 1£
~\~

~s \T
l l
2{7 S:, ~1\
'f'Q U\J D
--'lP\~'E--- J
j,<-..1 \--n-\ V,J~
~\C K ~ I

CC LU M~ S
'v-/ E.,1 2£ a:n;:,w U% D 11-J CO Uu Uc X\o µ ,::c
IZ,
i
'-.Jtn--1 i1-\E: P\£ 12 .bW O ,6)2C,4-\ t,.WD ~ l.-OST .lA LY Gl ~
1""\J£-11'2 <S>Tt2LJc;rU\2bL \MP Otz ..Tb +-l c.£ ,&µ Q ~
0\--HE:t:=L'-I PE.GOR.b.Tl\....1£ . '20---1bUS ~ .D\l--.--\G CO M -
PDSITE 0-- l ' -tµ ,£ GL b€£ >1c t>L ~ - 71--1£.
COMPD.S>t-rE ~ \5 ~ H\X t:::- 0 ~12
CD MC ,IU \µG i'U € lOU\C., 0\2 ,DE -R M- ID ~\ U -
il-\ \ t::., .~ OQ .-DE -,i2 ..
 ~\I t::,.C.....,, I ,._. .---
t,,.}-JP,.L'-(0\'2>

COl---1

t~L\8_ \

[Tl CDL.Qt-.J"---l~D£e::, AWD TWE W~'-..J

0YSTE--t-'I Or .At2CADE.0 'v-.£{2.E t39--rµ U<S>"E:
l"-lTE:.Q~LL-Y A,µD ~XTE:-I2WALLY Af.-lD 't'UE
LA,,l"TSR c;ccuR )LI s ,ce,e::.y-s CH~ ~
1Ut:- OTl-\sR AS Jµ "TU'E e,OL-DS S~UM · i"UL.\S.
COLOt-.J\.-\~S'S ~E.. \....l>Q0'E-L-'--I S,UPE-(2S£-c;:ie:o
GY .6.t2GWE:S M,JD C..OLUMt-J - F ' ~ D P\~~S.
 \ v..JA UI iO
iD -e.X ~\2\ ~~
':{ fOU" -
\

PlBADM, Mlo-\A'f;:.L r;c.

: \-\\ST OR'-/ Or .A.~ l1E6 TU ~ 1.
COM PA~ ATI VE. At--JAL'<Gl Co

~D

'vvA LL.S
l2av¼ ,\..,Js f.2:E.vOLU1\0t--._l \'S:,EO ¥/.6L .L- c.Q.J ~Tt2.U G -
: T\OU BY -n..\£. USE: ~ · CO-- \Cl2E 1E. 1L\\S UOV E:.L
~ A.\JO CUQP.,GL..E 'BUIL -0\ ~0 \-1,ti .,~t~ .l- 'vJA S l--loT \
~ -s.PEC,,!AL m .AAJ"r' COU"-IT'K-'--t', As
4 'v-J/.::,!S MbO E.
\T
. : UP Of=" ~RA GME -Wi" S ~ W~t2-D S.10 -IE, 02 OUA '\ZY
~8,f. 2,\S M\)C E-0 '-.-vl71-I l-\M' E. , FOU µD \
~ µ_..L
P~ ~ ~ 12.0t -'\6.µ "EMP\R.-"E. . 11-\\S C .
.O~
: \/J/Y o 1=AC €,D '£X--n=:,{2~t:,J....J._'-f '-Al\ \\-\ V/>,T2...\0L,I&
: t4,6.,TS:-l2\AL...S ~ 010.. .-IE "0f2\ CK ,&t--lD .:S.iU CC,0.
 \v,.JAU'f

"tC>

POS6DA S, M IC+-\.c,.£.L i::c .

\-,\\'=:>TOR'-/ OF ,A\<.CA-1\,E.CXUQ,€.. i
COMPARATI\JE. .At--JA-L'<G\ S

TUE
~
l2E
kJl\l I ;-1
-'T'S j
COLDS_
:>EL'-/ J
- ~~

5 JJt g j_

1'2>
µTR,F=--ME. ~ 'A.IA'=, 3€-'2::>~ UPQ\J iW,£

COW0TeUvilOJ Of -n..l'E \...\\G\-\LY 1=-\U\W~

~a:::ppJG l2CQF Cf= --rEl--1~"£ . r2ca:: C.0'-J€.-{Z\µ ~
\,,(.JE:Q,"E: Or T£1212A - COIT.A ,A \'7'P£ Cx ~ ' - . J :..
µz£ I A GLAY - Bp.-S,ED, l:>.Lj AHOU0 --rwc., £TQUS,G6US
'1-'l"~-M\;£,R Cir />U .l>UCAF-,µT ~ ..-OP-.£ 0~ ~"t12-UQ.\.l>

\-t"ALY.
 <2.A. /\.1 ~v<

~ p ~ , MlG\-\A"EL t:e.
\-H~TOic-1 ~ .1. ~\T'E.C...'TU~
6~i'E:s.T CO~l2\t3>L.rr\0'1 OF t?C>HA+-l
,AtzQ..l\"t"E-C..TU~ \µ ~ t--'lOPE-{2.W
'-"-"Ol2L-P
20t-'lb-t---l GU\LDH-K:;)S Al.JD MOUU'\'-"~
":S-T\LL '?TM-ID 1)......1 MA-t--i'--f oF cx.Jl2 0\"t-lE.S bt-JD
10,.,...Jt--1, ~E s-TQu::;ru~s. '?TILL \1-,....l u;c:...
TODb.'i'. ""TU£ i20~W GUILT oµ ~ i1-\-£Y
K}.JEW ~ t - r i -n-E ~c..rF-.+-rr G{2£.~ks. -,-µ,£.. '1\iJo
c:;.T'-fLE:5 ~ 706£..~ G.c.L.L-"S,D GLA'=h\cc..L
L 'CC.,.
A.t2C+-\-l"t£..C,,1U12-E. t:--WD 11--\Elf.2 qz.,1WCAPU::.-S ~
~rr <?TILL USE.,{) G'-1 H~µ A,t20U\~. -n.\t
C% .&Qa..\ A,,klt) Vt::J.-J,v"T P\D n~I-GQ \\--\-£ ,&2C+-\ ,6.1\..J p
'-JpJ.Jl.]fS 0~W6\~6 ~ W~ D\M'E._µ0\Oµ 'lO
~\\"2 ~LPll--JGS ~1 'tU£. 6~KS> \7\D
µor \,4~\JE. . 1U'E WME0 0\12.CU~ 6€.0ME:n2y
10 COVf=,J:2. ~ ~S 'v-J\"114 UO l W ~ W ~
SU PPQ2,T Q.OMb,US \...lb,D 71-\€-Hc o.,Jµ ~~\~

OOMbU ~ 1 ' E . 'vJ!::h C£U.IWP ~ i20HM-.A

bQc,{....y\iE.CfUR.AL t2,E.\JOLUT'\0U D;=- iU£ l.b't"E.
~PU0UG. Tµf: ~Ot-'1.t:>-1-,J ~T£121A,L . \'::> 'vf3.,l2>-f
S,H\U>f2 iO ~ Gt.,t-15,tJT ~ 'v--1~ ~
'rot::;>A,'-(. ~ '20t--1b,t-JS ~E--0 ~ l2,l:YU0E:.

Of- CO~l':'ES ~ Pl~'E..t-JT \'.=:ulcr-:t)St::G,

- 'E--'-'E+--1 GL,\\LPll--16 uu~ '-.J.C.~ . C'.)i....rE.. c,;:
--ruE. \COl--l\C.... "=>\6Uf'S ~ ~E. it;O.C:,,'-{ \S TU£
Q.Q--1E ~ E . UM .
620 B'i

t~~::,
r
lF12E.'E.c;.TAt-.JC
• ~ '-""" .::::,1 D~E. ~D c::.ot-..JCQe
~ ~ 1l-lE CO~EUt-1, TI4E
L..lt...6R ,A..l.lc.,)E'.-Ui QOv'IAU HOL.Jl
DU121~ i\4E. RE.\DU CJF ~MPERc
1
I
 .'

i::t~o.6t;, , M 1Q..!Aa c:c...

~ ITE c..-ruf2E 1

MEASURl)....16 <SOl'--1E. 620 B'-t .5'13 'FE."E-"T ( 1qo t3-i

-- - ..

1£'b" ME.TE:-QS) , 'TI-IE C.0l..05S'E:.UH \.,<./AS i+-1-E LAl26'6:S7"

.t:,.l-<l'PW\T\-4Et>.TEP, lt-....l TµE Rot-<'IAW ""-.102.U) .
COLOSG~M ~ A F12E'E..<:>T.Al.JD\IJ6 0T"Que,TU!2,E
l'"-'¼17E Cf=" c::::,TD~E ~ D Ga--lc:QE."T"E. , 11-FE. C0-6T12UC ~
1lOU C+ ll-1£ COL...00::,E.Ul'-'1 , TWE. l.bl26Ec:::,T WD MOST
R:>t:'ULAQ ,t,.l.lG\~UT Ra---1AU MOUUt---1E:µ,, C3E6AI---I
DUl21t-..\C, THE. RE\C:>t....l OF ~MPERC:Q VEGPA<Sl.b-1-....l IW
72 AD. IT Ga..JL...-D ACC.ol-"\ODA-TE. -su:::.,1-1 LA..Q6e: 1-..UMG ..
E:QS OF 0PE6TATOR.'::> Tl-\A-T M3> l'---16.t-..JI../ ~ Dll=F~~UT
'E+--rr~UOE

01--lUMEt-...lTAL ,b..tZG\--1 '-.<.IA~

~D 11-1 1 2 £ ~I'Z..A'TIQ..J 0:: 71-\£. U)....I y'(2E CE. -
U 'Jlc:r~\E'::> Ov~ Tl.\E P~~\A,1--.\S

E 6
i::,e;:R
OF" i\41:::. %LOUD ce.f....lil.."2.'-f ,
'-1~'2$>
~P17MILlG ~~ , RULE
 '

Pc&APAb MICH6.i:;.L
I tG.
OF ARCH\TE.C...TUOC l

ri TE.f',1PL€.S CF GMLBEK
A l"'\.A.uOR ,b-"1Tt2Aor, ClJ .AµD ,t,. ~~t3U::.
: ~EOu::x;,1a..L 01-n:: 11-J PTZE'..~T - ~ ~01---1
. Cl>-A.LGE\< IS (.O....J<S,\DE:12€-o ~S oWE Or" T\-\t i4CGT"
: S,f"'E.C,-TAGU\J.:>.Q ~OUl7E:,i2G CF TUE MOS"T ~,A -
: Wl.b-Q ' v J O W ~ Cr '11-1£ ,&1,.Jv\'E:,uT 'v-/Ot2\..,.D . IT
: ~ \--1.b-'?~ 7V 13£ a.IE: ~ 71-1£. L.p.i;z.6ES?T,

: McGT l"12E:..s"'t16\CU5, .&UD MOST ~L- - ~~

: tzo~ ~l2A . IT \.,,JJ:::6 ~ \U ~
·_ 'F1'2E=-T c£.\.J"t"U'12,'-/ G::,, . A\....ID ~ ~ ~T

: 9CO ~R'S.

,AM~lTH£=ATER
, '\.../\.-\'E.t--1 THIS F'~U3 AMP
l~ 1'\4E. C-11'-1 ~ t--\lME<:::> , --n,.\E
t;;E.VERL&
t:3--1 i).4£ ~l::. Or ~S.Mt..usu.;
MO~UMEklTAL /:,,.tZCH '\,.../AS::.
-~ Ge-- , AU~ Tl-)2, '?1.bl2il::D I
 ~~ MIC.1--¥-E'L P::..
HIST012'-f ~ - ~IT~C.-TU~ _i

,
' .,I ,
l I I

.' \, .,
,ARCH ct=° SEPT\ SEVERUS
"T~\S M0~UME1'-ITAL ,&tzQ-\ 'wA£:> C.0~1QUCfEP
: \l,....\ Zo3 AD 11-..l g-s:_GCX::,l,.J\z.A'TIQ--1 0:: "11-\'£. U~yQEC,€ -
: yE:.1J11='.P m~u "1ace,E0 OJ~ TI\£ P~\.-\\,6..,k.10
1µ ~ t?-ill---lS 'i~,;29:, C5F" i\-\"E, %LOUD ~IJTU2.'I.
rr 'y./AS uw~ '7€-Pi"IMIUG ~\JE=.'2U:7
1
a,\l.Z i1r\CI.-T
\20\-1~ ""1~ ,b..BLE, 10 ~-%rULL>1 <G<....IP12:E.s4
p.. 12,.6blJJ6 CAVIL vJ,6-12 ,t>.MOt-...K:::, \iS 1-l~\SeDzl)JG
GTA--n::6 · rr -S-T,M-..lc::5 P.P., A \....,O.t;:;,,111--16 ~MIW~ ~
: -n-\E- a-IC€.. 'fl.A{?:0-y,6..IJT 00~1-J l2,c:.P,l.Jt;L.\C.,.
 : POSA DAS I M\Cl- 4AE.L - (/4:.. ,
. HISTOR....,,- OF AR C H\TE .C.TU RE i

71-IE P~TU E.O" -.l IS A-K'.6 UABL 't' T~~

MOS ,
'v<-/E.LL ~£'::> t;:'2\, /~D
,A.QC H\TE0 TU{2 AL_ ~Q..' -/'E:L fi2Q- 1
11-\-E ,.6..µ61\=l--\T \20t--1Ar,.J 'EM . Ut..JL \KE ~ /~U'--1
OtU£ R
COI-...ITEMPOR.&l2-l.f ~ " - I ~PL: £:'::> i\-\&t " v-J1=:t2£.
A,.u-1 02,T .ALl-.- JA'-G P'Ei D~E V 1C> P61Z ir\GU LbQ ~1-- --l
. t7\"t: :T\B? , -n. re: 7Aur l-\EO LI 'y....)f:>.S 1:,. lEMP LE- ~
.64....L.. --n-\E \20 ~U GQD S . 11--+E GO-J'2>Tl2.Llv1101--l
OF ·n. .ns ic:-MP L.:E... 'y.../ ~ ~F'L -Eir SP IU \2,G"
/.).'O c:;{..J12-\f\..,l6 iUE lZUL..E. ~ ~DT 2-~ . .

Dt SA~ 'Vl1 ALE _

,A.UTI auE cwu r.2CH- )1..J
':-i. IT IS ~ ~T 71..1.t:
 P~P~, M~E.L c;c .
~1 5>TDR.'-/ c?F" ~ITE:C.,TURE.. i

1.6..~
2c+-+ l'Ll
'. ~T -
~ v1
G'-f ~
1WCpLE
lt--,p0f2,
':--/ CI--\-C:
G'iUe:E
F

. 'v<.I~~ THIS F~US Al--'lP~lT~'EATEQ ~ 'CL.llLT

)kl ""T\--\E CAJ'-f ~ l-,..l\HE'? I Tu'E GIT'( ~..66, ~I-...\
:'13--1 jµ£ ~t CJr= 1--1\=:-MAUSL.e, . Fga--\ ,6,,\2Dl...lUP
.to a:.-, ,A.l...\6LJcS,TL-)3 0 i.6-'211::D 10 roPUL.ATE. ·71..lE.
C.-IT'-/ AWO 61'--IE.. IT ,A. "?TRltTUtZE. Mc::ee:.. TO
.· A T'fPl~L \2a----i,MJ 9iA-rE:.. M0\2E:. -rl-16,~ ~
. 1-\-£.C-,'..t>'i2€.ce:, q:::- Lbf..Jl7 ~D ~ A ~-r\Wc:s
CWAu\"i"'-1 q:: .A-l20UWD 2-4- I a::t:) . tT IS ~TILL
U:,,,e.,D 10 µa;-r .&WIJUA.L t3UL..Lt=-16HT iO 7'l-l\S>
t7A'-1.
~ D A'::> l'--1 l~E-L PC-- ·
Hl 5 TOR'I Of= ..6-~\TE.C.-TUQ'E=:. i

SA"-!
llQuE
IT IS> <
2,6...,10).J
'FLUEt-.Jc

15
Cf
A

AQUED UCT Ol= C:,E.~ \A

\:+ 'v<./A-6 (3UIL-T ":OME~E: -12.E. ~QOUL\D 131? AC>
TO r.AC-\LIT/~"TE. -n-lE. 'FLC>v-1 CF Pl2.l~K\t-.J 6 ~6.TE.R
'FQ.OM T\-\'S.- Q\1.._JE'.-R 1=-1'2.\D 7V it--\£ c..ri"--1 ~

0'E'.-60VIA . OW \iS CDl---1PL-E .i\0)-.\ , \T 'v-/66 ,AW

UUP\2-'E-C E-\?EJ,JTE D l<o KM - LOt,....10 <3>TRUC-TU 12E
'(31...,1\v"T U0\U6 ~\2.CUWD 24 , OCO G \b,~ GLCCKS o r=
8r◄2~Ul"TE. .
Mt,..)<\µ6 \T C>f..JE OF TWE t:3t:..~T -
'Pt<E~'-1 £,D 'P\t=Ve.c.:; a: A-0:::-Urn~.cxue-s. IL\ l20 l--'1E .

J~R CF Wt:.R(
T U£. ~ ~ ~
A ~T 1-\0USt::. A
WT~
Ff?'=:,ADAS , M\Ll-1,AE-L tX- .
)-H~TCR'-/ cr= ~c+-11--r-E.Of"U l2E .1 '.:N'IA
""-'E-12.E ,,.,
w a= PIZ.l......:
"TD 1\-\£ j

L-ETIO)....\ , \T
I ... LOt-...J<;i <;
4, OCO G IW
'.:)\.....rE.. OF TU
0::-U\TE.C..,TU\2l

BAS\ L\ GA D\ 0..6-t-\ v \TALE..

\S p.. L..6XE J..,UT\ QUS CWUl2CH- YW
: RA~Wk-\A \1,A.L'-/. IT 6 Ccs:AQ ~ T ---ruE
: \)'s:.'?IGU p.JJ\? ~T10\..J ~ ~ V ITAL.£:
: '-.,JAb t::'lf.2E:C't"L'-1 \l-..lFLUE=+--IC€0 G'-1 TI-tE
. ~T ~ lt---1 GOt-.JSTA,1....J"t1 ~U::::. . 71-'E
f,Tµ Ct.-t-.JTUf.2-'-I CU,Uf2.GH IS ,&W IMP~,&WT
"?(.)Q'-J \'-./ \U6 "£ >(~)-J1 PL£ Or ~ " - t ' C,\.-\{2,\0-T\L>W
(3---12..,6,.\.-.-\T\UE. ~ ~D A,{2.GW-1--rE.v'i U~-

W~RG.J~
l +t 7 t..JV-/t::A< o+= ~ Gl..
. p,h p.. U6\-\-T \-\OU<Se. ,6.µD
:~ ~T~ o;:: 't.P- GOr.
. WotzJ't--\ ~~ ?Y'.b-ll-1 .;;-Jp
~ it.J'Q,'-f .b--P. -n~ ~ ~
 : HISTOR"'i' OF ARCHITE.CTWRE
i

""PDWT
Ll"i"E-~LL"< ~ 6bR-D t::a.\D6'E , 'S OWE
: Of i\-\'E. i='E.-'-,(J 5U{2'..JIVl~.K:~ ,b.QUEPlXA.'5 CC\-..l.S -
: ii2,Uvl'SD \A--l~l--16 ~ t20t---"1Al---\ "E.)-1P\t2E- . ~

.. ~ T vU Gb-'t2D W.t::r;;, A P\WO"r4L < : = > ~ l\J

~ A,~ AQUEPUor '1i-+A--T "?'112£.T~ 0-tE:a. 3\ M\LcS
~ 'ti" '5(_JpP'L.,\"E,0 '-,,v'~ 'it) ~ 0\-r-'-1'
~ \...m---1l:::S.

RY
1E..D
 ,- - -•-:--r ,_.---
...n---...,,-~ ,--,-----, , ~ ~ c ; ;~ ~
HISTO R--,, OF ARCH \TE.CT LIRE i

UBRA RY OF s
f

Wb.ME D p.;Fl"E.Q i1--IE: FAMO U~ FOl2it1BR

• ~/E-12 >-JCR ~ TW'E. 0\ti OF- "£.pµ£. S,US ~'E.
1
Ut3~' -J ct= cr.LSL IS ~~ U,,Tt IL\l l ':'-f A
I I '
M°"-IU M'l::-W TAL lDt-'1~ ~D\~ "60 7V G:iA\u S
Juuu s ~s,(_ lS 'R:'.)L -E.M~ lJU0 . 71-HS:> AMA"'Zlk.16
'P\E.CE. ~ T20t--'W ,J ~\""T £0TU '12E. 'v.l,6/2:>
. C..0WS -n2l...x ::?r~ ~ 't\--1-"E- C > ~ $ Or- G0-6U £ '
. ~ obJ-IU: :> uUL-IUS A6V.IL A ,

Rot--1A U ~CQ.L.. 'D.

~ A F12E'ES T,Al-.lD\ I-J6 <:,TQ.Uc-Ttli12,E.
~E A,#JD CO,..J ~TE,. 11-IE CO-ISTT2LIC l
CO~E Ul'--1 , TWE. Lb'2(:)8 oT WD Mosf.
\~UT R.0--iA U lv\OLJU t-1E:µ,; GE.6A1--1
'RE.\~ CJP ~l--"1PE'.Ra< VE6PA<S,\.t.,1..J \\.J
I....D ~ODA il"'E. SI t-H
 : PD.3ADAS I MICHAE:.L- D::- .
'. HISTOR1 OF A8CH\TE.CTU RE i

' ¢

f'OSA.DA<S., Ml GWAEL vC ·
H\'::'>TOi2'-f q:. P.,~\'"t'g.C)f"UB E'._ ..i

TH~ MC
'U!2Al. t-1AI
L\KE ~A.l
ES

TO\JE.R
TWE.. TOv-./E:,R ~ ~GUL..£,<:::> l-\-.66 %,QJ...JEO
M A ~T \.-\DUSE. A+-ID l,btJD ~ M'
:~ 'E,t-..f T ~ Or Lt,.. C.012.,U\.JA ~Q 1"-4
. Uotzn...\ ~~ f.:>'F'D<l}-.\ .,;;.i't---\C€ ~ \..,;.T
: ~-rn.Jt?-'-f .b-P. T ~ ~ ~ ~C.UL:te 1-s
. .t:.c,n3tJT f.2ct-1.6.Ll Uei\-TT""~E . . l'i' tS 7UE.
: CL~ l..\61-lT\.-\OJ6E . l~ ~ iD'PA-Y .

A
TEMPLES
 ftGAPAS M\Gl-ltiEL C:C..
+-I\S10RY' OF ,6..~l1EC TUQ"£. i

MY Pl2£'-JIOUS , A½lGUM EtuT '-<-1.6.S:> ~E.

PIZE: l-\1sTDt2.1c.. AUD EGYPT , HE..WPO'T AMIA A-1-10
612:E,Et'( "--M ICM \ U6£.D GH,Al2CO.AL f=02 Tt,-IE: iz;:-__}-1D -
'El2l).Jb EXOE-t::rr Ti-It:. Ht~.b-M l,ti... . HY CQr,.JC,E.P T
i=OR -r-Ht:..., .6€6\6µ M~ IS 1D MA.\<"E. YOU t::£:EL
J
LIK'E.. 'iCt...l A-t2£ ~PILIC::1 ,&1--1 0\...-DWOZK . A~ I
~b-10 1"0 MY Lb--s;f .A.~161 --l~. GUT >-JO'\.J F02- n-1£
'12D-"\b->.J A.C2CI-\ ITE.orLJl2:£.. . \ ~.MJTSD '-ICU iO ~ ,

E.\J'E:-U ME- p,LED \ vJA-UT iO Ft,£..L TI-\t ~II--IP

a= ~Dl0G OP- iD "E.X~\'~:.W C£. U):::;£_ IU Tl-It.
hDVIE0 T\--\tSir" -n-\£,y FOUUD A ~ S(_,..112£.
C::OC..Ut--1EA-,JT. ~ iWN l H.lWE.. 1, HOB£. L,.\~'E
~u t)LD Poc:ut--·rE:J......ff CR i1J£ ~ u -e.HPl\2E. .
, ~ t-"'\b,i'E:,R.1.L>LG i)...l.~j l L.,IS£,D rotz -rws '11"-TT'.6.GE.
, ~ \S &d>'( S:6UC£ .6.UQ COFrE:-£ . . I ~
1
.,b.L90 A- ""'TESTIUG t:c)t:2. -n...1-+s ~101--1 IS IF I
~ iUE ~ct.£ dF -rut:. C6-UP\...-E. 012. l\Jt.
c;,oy S ~ .t>UP C,Cpf=E:£, Ml..,/ SMELL OU 7
DA½'S ~ H~.H-6 mtS . IS \...,\~ ~ A,DOf!;O.
WoPE:-- ~ YOL.I L-\~ IT n.\E ·co~,- : t:-wD
l=OR iW£. DE.<::::CAZ 1Pi70U 't\...\-.6-1 l \~~ IS
~WOW L,~~"'E 47:0 n.\6ir' I+:: E.>--JE,{2 HY
UEPLYE-v J Ut:£.. i\..\;<Yr Ut: AG'r::.. HE. ~ ' 1UE
µ.1-s,ToT2Y , 1 C,:C>,U ..S\\JE. n..1-15. coµt=,~-n .....'-1 so
iUA";(" IJ-E. UlJ ~SO LU-12-U 11...\£.. \-\~iORY.
 Rl.F9ERENCE.

• C~{2,,'-.Jl2\6~-rr. M . ( 201~. ~,.b-0::,H \4) i2-0Yl.A.~'

A-RCW\iE:0TU12E . A~~ ~\S\'0'2-'--1' ~µc..,---r~\A
'2t.::r\2\E..V6,t;, ~M /2t:t:.p;,: /111/ww-01neier-i. eu /~H,.Cy!--f_
Arch i /.cofu 1-e
• ,A.U::~Df.20 (3,6.QLl-\\£6 \. O'X~BD UU\~n--1 ~ S
(2-0io')
.. L.IOW-LI ~ 0\....£..SOkl ( zcooi J "TU£ OXrO'IZ-D
~WDGCOK Of ~\µ~\2,IWB ~~D
~k.lOLOGY \W i1J.E C,Lb,.SSl~L ~CQLD.
• ~t::D'.'.), cou l 20()2 J PA\L-Y LI~ ,µ
Ak.1018--lT l2,0ME
 .J.

, ~ "l'>"E- -...S."-' ""-""-M>-6 ,t,.Qu=Ccuc:T5 ~ .

~c-D ~ T..rE'. 1'0!-U.'-l 1<-1-"P= ~

~
J,J..J

~
ru ~
l>G<UEt:uOr
1T"
~
"1\-lb,'T

~
==
"' ~

"""""""
~
D--EQ.

"'10
-S.
"1'-1€ c,-,--
..,
--,\LI$

c,r- \.ll\-1lS6