Universidad De Manila

Former City College of Manila

One Mehan Gardens, Manila, Philippines, 1000

Philippine Social Realities and Social Welfare

Glossary of Terms
A
Accessibility
The opportunity to obtain or receive services. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Active listening
The process of attending to a client through the use of clinical skills in order to
understand the client’s concerns. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Activist
A social worker or other person whose goal is to achieve social change. (2012)
Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Advocacy
Is the act of arguing on behalf of a particular issue, idea or person. Social workers
advocate on behalf of clients and communities in myriad ways, not all of which involve
policy. (2021) Tulane University “Social Work Policy Advocacy: The Path to Societal
Change”
Agency policies and procedures
The written guidelines of an agency that describe the ways in which services will be
provided, and which provides guidelines that dictate certain processes that will be used.
(2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Assessment
The process of examining a problem to determine its cause, severity, and course which
is necessary to design an effective intervention plan. Assessment is done at all levels of
practice. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Attachment disorder
Inability to form emotional bonds with caretakers, often the results of negative early
childhood experiences. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW

B
Beneficence
 Is defined as an act of charity, mercy, and kindness with a strong connotation of doing
well to others including moral obligation. (2011) Jascha Ora

Bias
Negative attitudes or beliefs about individuals or groups. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Bourgeoisie
The social class that owns the factors of production such as resources, land, and
business. (2016) Atienza,Ph.D, et al.
Broker
A professional role played by a social worker by which clients, families, groups or
organizations are linked in order to receive services or support each other. (2012)
Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Bureaucracy
System of administration of any large institution. (2016) Atienza,Ph.D, et al.

C
Case Management
Securing, implementing, and monitoring services needed by a client. (2012) Garthwait,
Cindy, MSW
Case management
A process to plan, seek, advocate for, and monitor services from different social services
or health care organizations and staff on behalf of a client. (2013) National Association
of Social Workers.
Chair of School of Social Work
The faculty member responsible for the administration of the BSW and MSW programs
at the School of Social Work. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Children
A young human being below the age of puberty or below the legal age of majority.
(2021) Lexico
Citation
Written documentation of the source of content or quotes included in an academic
assignment, following the APA style of writing and documentation. Improper citation,
including representing another’s work as one’s own, is considered plagiarism. (2012)
Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Client
 Individuals or group of people who receives services. (2021) Cambridge Dictionary
Code of Ethics
A written set of ethical and value-based principles for a profession, providing guidance
in ethical decision-making. The National Association of Social Workers’ Code of Ethics
guides the social work profession in terms of ethics. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Cognition
The intellectual process of dealing with information, including understanding,
processing, remembering, and evaluating. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Community
A group of individuals, families, or groups that share geographic location, identity,
values, experiences or interests. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Community Development
As a process where community members are supported by agencies to identify and take
collective action on issues which are important to them. Community development
empowers community members and creates stronger and more connected
communities. (2021) Digital Gyan
Continuum of care
The spectrum of services available to clients which should ideally fill all gaps and
minimize duplication. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Council on Social Work Education
The accrediting body for both BSW and MSW programs nationwide. (2012) Garthwait,
Cindy, MSW
Counseling
Counseling is generally a non-clinical interve ion. Traditionally in many societies,
counseling is provided by family, friends, and wise elderly. When these providers prove
insufficient, counselors become the choice. Counselors exist in a wide range of areas of
expertise: marriage, family, youth, student and other life transitions dealing with
managing of issues of loss and death, retirement, divorce, parenting, and bankruptcy.
(2017) Sampa, Elias M., (MSSD)

D
Decentralization
The practice of distributing power to those who are closely involved with the issue at
hand rather than delegating power to the upper levels of an organization. A systematic
process of exposing an individual to stimuli or experiences that cause anxiety, with the
idea that exposure will lessen anxiety and fear. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Department of Social Welfare and Development
Or DSWD is a Philippine-based government arm in charge of protecting the need of
families and vulnerable children, youth, women and persons with disabilities, senior
citizen, young and adult offenders. (2019) Nillas, Annabella
Deviance
Is defined as a behavior that elicits a strong negative reaction from group members and
involves actions that violate commonly held social norms. (2016) Atienza,Ph.D, et al.
Discrimination
According to Equality & Human Rights Commission, discrimination is when someone is
treated unfairly because of who they are or because of certain characteristics they
possess. You may have been discriminated against if you have been treated differently
than others just because of who you are or because you have particular qualities.
(2019) Equality and Human Rights Commission
Displacement
The direction of feelings of hostility toward objects that are not the real origin of these
anxieties. (2016) Atienza,Ph.D, et al.

E
Empathy
The therapeutic technique of communicating to a client that their situation, reactions,
and emotions are appreciated and understood, which builds rapport and sets the
foundation for a helping relationship. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Empowerment model
Intervention needs to employ methods that encourage individuals and families to
recognize, claim, and use their power to enhance the quality of their lives. (2012)
Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Enabler
The social work role of assisting a client to attain the ability to deal with issues and
situations. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Endowment
A fund that is built on donations and fund-raisers that is permanent and which produces
income based on investments and / or interest. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Etiology
The underlying causes of a social problem, condition, or behavior. (2012) Garthwait,
Cindy, MSW
F
Family cap
A provision in social programs which suspends benefits at a certain point in time or
when there is a particular change in family status. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Family life cycle developmental theory
Orienting / explanatory theory that describes how family developmental tasks can be
identified in terms of generally agreed-upon stages and phases, and are influenced by
the psychosocial developmental stages and processes of the individuals in the family.
(2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Fiduciary
Individual who serves as a trustee for another in financial affairs. (2012) Garthwait,
Cindy, MSW
Filipino
Of or relating to inhabitants of the Philippines or to people of Philippine origin or
descent. (2012) Collins

G
Gatekeeper
An individual in a community or other social system who is in a position to allow or
obstruct access to the community by someone from outside the community, or an
individual other than a social worker who can observe the welfare of clients. (2012)
Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Gender equity
The fair distribution of income, resources, and responsibilities among men and women.
(2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Gender role
Societal expectations for behavior and social roles based on gender. (2012) Garthwait,
Cindy, MSW
Gerontology
Study of the social, psychological, cultural, biological and spiritual aspects of aging.
(2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW

H
Human capital
 Collective resources within a society that are developed through that society’s provision
of education, family connections, health care, and other services and social institutions.
(2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Human development
The biological, social, cultural, emotional, and spiritual changes in individuals which
occur over time, are somewhat predictable, but which are also subject to individual
variation. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Human rights
Rights in all areas of human life that all individuals are believed to deserve regardless of
race, gender, religion or other social status. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Human trafficking
Is the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act
and is often called “modern-day slavery.”(2017) Reno. Human Trafficking: A Social
Worker’s Role | University of Nevada.

I
Indigenous People
Indigenous social work practice is being applied to diverse areas such as human rights,
community development, and the creation of social policies. For Indigenous
communities, having control of social services is critical to their well-being and a
necessary part of their resurgence and reclamation initiatives. (2017) Baskin, C.
Sinclair, D.
Informal Settler
“Informal settlers” is a broad concept that refers to individuals and groups who
establish their principal residence in mostly urban areas and types of dwellings
considered illegal or in discord with the dominant social norms. ... “Settler” applies
generally to all new arrivals in urban agglomerations. (2019) Martinez, M. Roitman, S.

J
Job
The principal activity in one’s life that he/she do to earn money. (2012) Garthwait,
Cindy, MSW
Jobless
The state of not having a job. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Junior
 The younger of two persons. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW

L
LGBTQI
According to Jones, K. N., & Brewster, in their research: From awareness to action:
Examining predictors of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) activism for
heterosexual people, LGBTQI is an acronym for sexual orientations outside
heterosexuality. LGBTQI stands for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Queer, and Intersex
community. (2016) Jones, K. N., & Brewster

M
Macro (Client)
Society, social policy, social change, or research as the entity being served or targeted.
(2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Macro social work practice
A professional role selected and played by a social worker based on a client/client
system’s need and level of practice indicated. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Managed care
The practice of utilizing third parties to facilitate, monitor, and evaluate the services
provided by an organization to a client / client system, often used with the purpose of
maintaining quality and reducing costs. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory
Orienting / explanatory developmental theory of human development proposed by
Abraham Maslow that suggests that people have a particular order to their needs, from
basic physiological needs to self-actualization and that further suggests that these needs
are usually met in that order. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Medicare
The federal program of providing health care to older adults (and several other specific
groups of people) based on age rather than income. Recipients must have worked a
prescribed length of time while contributing to Medicare, and pay a premium while
receiving it. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Mezzo (Client)
Group, organization or community that is seeking or being provided social services.
(2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Micro (Client)
 Individual or family which is seeking or being provided social services. (2012)
Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Motivational interviewing model
Clinical model that builds upon the Cycle of Change orienting / explanatory theory,
recognizes clients’ ambivalence to change, sees change as cyclical, recognizes that
relapse is normal, and uses specific techniques to build motivation to change. (2012)
Garthwait, Cindy, MSW

N
NASW Code of Ethics
The written guide for ethical behavior for social workers, published by the
National Association of Social Workers. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
NATIONALISM
The term "nationalism" is used to describe two phenomena: -the attitude that citizens of
a nation have when they care about their national identity, and -the acts that people of a
nation conduct when pursuing (or maintaining) self-determination. (1983) Gellner,
Ernest
Narrative therapy
The practice theory / model of clinical practice in which clients are given assignments to
write about their experiences, problems, thoughts, values, and coping, and in which
therapists/ counsellors may respond to these stories and accounts. (2012) Garthwait,
Cindy, MSW
National Association of Social Workers
The professional association of social workers in the United States. (2012) Garthwait,
Cindy, MSW
Needs assessment
The process of identifying certain needs and resources of a population or community,
combined with the opportunities and challenges for meeting those needs, often
completed prior to taking on a mezzo or macro level intervention. (2012) Garthwait,
Cindy, MSW
Negligence
The failure to provide adequate service or protect the rights of clients which results in
harm or damage to clients. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Networking
Working to establish, maintain and improve the relationships between social systems
such as individuals, groups, organizations, or communities. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy,
MSW
Nominal group technique
A technique used in organizations and groups whereby problems, issues and goals are
listed by participants for the group to discuss, prioritize, and organize for potential
interventions. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Non-profit organization
Organizations which provide services based on motivation to do so rather than on the
basis of profit. (2012) Garthwait, Cindy, MSW
Null hypothesis
A type of hypothesis used in statistics that proposes that there is no difference between
certain characteristics of a population (or data-generating process). (2021) Hayes,
Adam

O
OVERSEAS
Things that involve or are in distant countries, usually across a sea or an ocean, are
referred to as "overseas. (2021) Collins

P
Peasant
A member of a class of low social status that depends on either cottage industry or
agricultural labour as a means of subsistence. (2021) Collins
PERSON WITH DISABILITIES
The term "persons with disabilities" refers to anyone who has long-term physical,
mental, intellectual, or sensory. (2006) UN Convention on the Rights of Persons With
Disabilities
PLHIV
Is a community based intervention for the prevention and management of the risks and
related problems of HIV infection among infected and affected individuals and families.
(2013) Department of Social Welfare and Development: Guidelines on the
Implementation of the Psychosocial Care and Support Services for Persons Living with
H IV (PLHIV) and their Affected Families
Poverty
Refers to “the state of not having sufficient money and resources to maintain the basic
necessities of life, such as food, clothing and shelter” (2008) Rank.
R
Relative poverty
Existing below the living standards of the community in which one resides. (2016)
Atienza,Ph.D, et al.
Resiliency
The ability of individuals, families and other social systems to respond to and deal with
problems without becoming dysfunctional, overwhelmed or ineffective. (2016)
Atienza,Ph.D, et al.
Resistance
Tendency of a client to avoid change or engage in interventions for a variety of reasons.
(2016) Atienza,Ph.D, et al.
Risk factors
These are negative influences in the lives of individuals or a community. These may
increase the presence of crime, victimization or fear of crime in a community and may
also increase the likelihood that individuals engage in crime or become victims. (2015)
Public Safety Canada: Risk and protective factors

S
Sanctions
The most common means of social control, and are often employed to address conflicts
and violations of social norms. (2016) Atienza,Ph.D, et al.
Senior Citizen/ Elderly
Refers to any elderly who is frail, sickly, or with disability, and without pension or
regular source of income, compensation or financial assistance from his/her relatives to
support his/her basic needs, as determined by the DSWD in consultation with the
National Coordinating and Monitoring Board (NCMB).
Social Exclusion
The process by which individuals are cut off from full involvement in the wider circles
of society. (2016) Atienza,Ph.D, et al.
Social Inequality
Refers to social divisions that reflect an unequal distribution of status, wealth, and
power within society and result in the individuals and groups occupying different
positions of influence and power. (2016) Atienza,Ph.D, et al.
Social Institutions
Well-established and structured relationships between groups of people that are
considered fundamental components of a society's culture. (2016) Atienza,Ph.D, et al.
Social Service
Also referred to as human services, can include services oriented toward the
prevention, improvement, or resolution of health, mental health, social, or environment
problems that affect individuals, families, specific groups, or communities (2005)
Gibelman
Social Work
Is a practice-based profession and an academic discipline that promotes social change
and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of people.
Principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility and respect for
diversities are central to social work. Underpinned by theories of social work, social
sciences, humanities and indigenous knowledges, social work engages people and
structures to address life challenges and enhance wellbeing. The above definition may
be amplified at national and/or regional levels.” (2021) Wilson, M.
Solo parent
Life of a single parent can be quite stressful for the adult and the children. The single
parent may feel overwhelmed by the responsibilities of juggling caring for the children,
maintaining a job, and keeping up with the bills and household chores. And typically, the
family's finances and resources are drastically reduced following the parents' breakup.
(2019) American Psychological Association
Status
The esteem or "social honor" given to certain individuals or groups. (2016)
Atienza,Ph.D, et al.
Street Families/ Children
Street children are poor or homeless children who live on the streets of a city, town, or
village. ... Street children are often subject to abuse, neglect, exploitation, or, in extreme
cases, murder by "clean-up squads" that have been hired by local businesses or police.
(2020) Angel Children’s Village

T
Teenage pregnancy
Is pregnancy in a woman 19 years of age or younger. A woman can get pregnant if she
has vaginal sex with a man at any age after she's begun having regular monthly periods.
(2018) Healthline
The Social Work Profession
Is a practice-based profession that promotes social change, development, cohesion and
the empowerment of people and communities. Social work practice involves the
understanding of human development, behavior and the social, economic and cultural
institutions and interactions. (2020) Social Work Licence Map
Transnational Families
Are “families [where family members] live some or most of the time separated from
each other, yet hold together and create something that can be seen as a feeling of
collective welfare and unity, namely 'family hood', even across national borders”.
(2012) CONFACE

W
Women
A female person associated with a particular place, activity, or occupation. (2021)
Lexico
Worker
A worker as an individual who has entered into or works under (a) a contract of
employment or (b) any other contract, whether express or implied and (if it is express)
whether oral or in writing, whereby the individual undertakes to do or perform
personally any work or services for another party to the contract whose status is not by
virtue of the contract that of a client or customer of any profession or business
undertaking carried on by the individual. (2021) Thomas Reuters: PRACTICAL LAW

Y
Youth
Is the period of your life when you are young, or the state of being young? (2021)
Cambridge

Legal Bases

A
Activist
Article 111, Section IV of the Bill of Rights, no law shall be passed abridging the freedom of
speech, of expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and
petition the government for redress of grievances.

Advocacy
Republic Act No. 10693, An act strengthening non-government organizations (ngos) engaged
in microfinance operations for the poor
Agency policies and procedures
Republic Act No. 10693, An act strengthening nongovernment organizations (ngos) engaged in
microfinance operations for the poor.

Attachment disorder
Republic Act no. 11036, An act establishing a national mental health policy for the purpose of
enhancing the delivery of integrated mental health services, promoting and protecting the
rights of persons utilizing psychosocial health services, appropriating funds therefore and
other purposes.

B
Beneficence
Republic Act No. 7160, Chapter IV (Relations with Peoples and NGO'S) AN ACT PROVIDING
FOR A LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF 1991, This Code shall apply to all provinces, cities,
municipalities, barangays, and other political subdivisions as may be created by law, and, to the
extent herein provided, to officials, offices, or agencies of the national government.

Bourgeoisie
Article 13 of the 1987 Constitution of the Republic of Philippines, The Congress shall give
highest priority to the enactment of measures that protect and enhance the right of all the
people to human dignity, reduce social, economic, and political inequalities, and remove
cultural inequities by equitably diffusing wealth and political power for the common good.

Bureaucracy
The Anti Red Tape Act of 2007 or the R.A No. 9485, It was enacted into law to improve
efficiency in the delivery of government services to the public by reducing bureaucratic red
tape, preventing graft and corruption.

C
Case Management
Republic Act No. 9470 also known as "National Archives of the Philippines act of 2007", an act
to strengthen the system of management and administration of archival records, establishing
for the purpose the national archives of the Philippines, and for other purposes.

Chair of School of Social Work

Republic Act No. 4373 series of 1965, An Act to Regulate the Practice of Social Work and the
Operation of Social Work Agencies in the Philippines and for Other Purposes.
Children
Republic Act No. 7610: Special Protection of Children Against Abuse, exploitation and
discrimination, an act providing for stronger deterrence and special protection against child
abuse, exploitation and discrimination, and for other purposes

Citation
Cybercrime Law of the Republic Act No. 10175, an act defining Cybercrime, providing for the
prevention, investigation, suppression and the imposition of penalties therefor and for other
purposes.

Client
Republic Act No. 7394 or the Consumer Act of the Philippines. Declaration of Basic Policy. — It
is the policy of the State to protect the interests of the consumer, promote his general welfare
and to establish standards of conduct for business and industry.

Code of Ethics
Republic Act No. 6713 also known as "Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public
Officials and Employees", an act establishing a code of conduct and ethical standards for public
officials and employees, to uphold the time-honored principle of public office being a public
trust, granting incentives and rewards for exemplary service, enumerating prohibited acts and
transactions and providing penalties for violations thereof and for other purposes.

Community
Republic Act No. 7279 or the Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992, an act to provide
for a comprehensive and continuing urban development and housing program, establish the
mechanism for its implementation, and for other purposes

Community Development
Republic Act No. 11201 or the Philippine Development Plan, an Act Creating the Department of
Human Settlements and Urban Development, Defining its Mandate, Powers and Functions, and
Appropriating Funds Therefor.

Continuum of care
Republic Act No. 3469, an act authorizing the construction of multi-story tenement building
projects for the poor and homeless and appropriating funds therefor.
Council on Social Work Education
Republic Act No. 4373, an Act to Regulate the Practice of Social Work and the Operation of
Social Work Agencies in the Philippines and for Other Purposes.
Counseling
Republic Act No. 9258 an Act professionalizing the practice of guidance and counseling and
creating for this purpose a professional regulatory board of guidance and counseling,
appropriating funds therefor and for other purposes.

D
Decentralization
Decentralization Act of 1967 was enacted into law. It further increased the financial resources
of the local governments broadening their decision-making latitude over fiscal, personnel and
other substantive matters.

Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)

DSWD - REPUBLIC ACT No. 5416 is an Act Providing for Comprehensive Social Services for
Individuals and Groups in Need of Assistance, Creating for This Purpose a Department of Social
Welfare.

Discrimination
The 1987 Philippine Constitution under Article 111, Section 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 states that every
person has the right to life, security of person and privacy, right to be free from torture,
arbitrary arrest and detention, the right to be free from discrimination and the right to
freedom of expression.

E
Empowerment Model
Republic Act No. 6725, This Philippines Act is designed to strengthen the prohibition on
discrimination against women with respect to the terms and conditions of employment. It
amends Article 135 of the Labor Code to read as follows: "Art. 135. Discrimination prohibited.

Enabler
Republic Act No. 11337, an Act Providing Benefits and Programs to Strengthen, Promote and
Develop the Philippine Startup Ecosystem.
Endowment
Republic Act No. 4968 An act amending further commonwealth act numbered one hundred and
eighty-six, as amended.

F
Family cap
Republic Act No. 6809: An Act Lowering the Age of Majority from Twenty-One to Eighteen
Years.

Filipino

Bill of Rights
Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law,
nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.

Section 2. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects
against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be
inviolable, and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause
to be determined personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the
complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing the place to be
searched and the persons or things to be seized.

Section 3. (1) The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be inviolable except
upon lawful order of the court, or when public safety or order requires otherwise, as
prescribed by law.

(2) Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding section shall be inadmissible for
any purpose in any proceeding.

Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the
press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress
of grievances.

Section 5. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free
exercise thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without
discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for
the exercise of civil or political rights.

Section 6. The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits prescribed by law
shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the court. Neither shall the right to travel be
impaired except in the interest of national security, public safety, or public health, as may be
provided by law.
Section 7. The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be
recognized. Access to official records, and to documents and papers pertaining to official acts,
transactions, or decisions, as well as to government research data used as basis for policy
development, shall be afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations as may be provided by
law.

Section 8. The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private sectors,
to form unions, associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be
abridged.

Section 9. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.

Section 10. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed.

Section 11. Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance
shall not be denied to any person by reason of poverty.

Section 12. (1) Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the
right to be informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and independent
counsel preferably of his own choice. If the person cannot afford the services of counsel, he
must be provided with one. These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the
presence of counsel.

(2) No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiate the free
will shall be used against him. Secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or other
similar forms of detention are prohibited.

(3) Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be
inadmissible in evidence against him.

(4) The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions for violations of this section as well as
compensation to and rehabilitation of victims of torture or similar practices, and their families.

Section 13. All persons, except those charged with offenses punishable by reclusion Perpetua
when evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be
released on recognizance as may be provided by law. The right to bail shall not be impaired
even when the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not be
required.

Section 14. (1) No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process of
law.

(2) In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent until the contrary is
proved, and shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself and counsel, to be informed of the
nature and cause of the accusation against him, to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to
meet the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of
witnesses and the production of evidence in his behalf. However, after arraignment, trial may
proceed notwithstanding the absence of the accused provided that he has been duly notified
and his failure to appear is unjustifiable.
Section 15. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of
invasion or rebellion when the public safety requires it.

Section 16. All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their cases before all
judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies.

Section 17. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.

Section 18. (1) No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political beliefs and
aspirations.

(2) No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a punishment for a crime
whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.

Section 19. (1) Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman
punishment inflicted. Neither shall the death penalty be imposed, unless, for compelling
reasons involving heinous crimes, the Congress hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty
already imposed shall be reduced to reclusion Perpetua.

(2) The employment of physical, psychological, or degrading punishment against any prisoner
or detainee or the use of substandard or inadequate penal facilities under subhuman
conditions shall be dealt with by law.

Section 20. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax.

Section 21. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense. If an
act is punished by a law and an ordinance, conviction or acquittal under either shall constitute
a bar to another prosecution for the same act.

Section 22. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted.

G
Gender Equity
Republic Act No. 6725 this Philippines Act is designed to strengthen the prohibition on
discrimination against women with respect to the terms and conditions of employment.

Gender role
Republic Act No. 6725 prohibits discrimination with respect to terms and conditions of
employment solely on the basis of sex. Under this law, any employer favoring a male employee
over a female in terms of promotion, training opportunities, and other benefits solely on
account of sex is considered discrimination.

Gerontology
Republic Act No. 7432 An act to maximize the contribution of senior citizens to nation building,
grant benefits and special privileges and for other purposes.

H
Human capital
Republic Act No. 11293 The objective of this Act is to generate and scale up action in all levels
and areas of education, training, research and development towards promoting innovation and
internationalization activities of MSMEs as driver of sustainable and inclusive growth.

Human development
Republic Act No. 11201 An Act Creating the Department of Human Settlements and Urban
Development.

Human rights
Republic Act No. 10368 An act providing for reparation and recognition of victims of human
rights violations during the Marcos regime, documentation of said violations, appropriating
funds therefor and for other purposes

Human trafficking
Republic Act No. 9208 specifically criminalizes trafficking for the purposes of exploitation. The
punished overt acts include trafficking under the guise of arranged marriage, adoption, sex
tourism, prostitution, pornography, or the recruitment of children into armed conflict.

I
Indigenous People
Republic Act No. 8371 of 1997. An Act to recognize, protect and promote the rights of
Indigenous Cultural Communities/Indigenous Peoples, creating a National Commission on
Indigenous Peoples, establishing implementing mechanisms, appropriating funds therefor, and
for other purposes.

Informal Settler
Republic Act No. 11201, is An Act Creating the Department of Human Settlements and Urban
Development, Defining its Mandate, Powers and Functions, and Appropriating Funds Therefor.
J
Jobless
Republic Act No. 3466, is an act to provide maximum employment in public economic
development projects, creating an emergency employment administration, and for other
purposes.

L
LGBTQI
Senate Bill No. 689, Prohibiting Discrimination on the Basis of Sexual Orientation and Gender
Identity or Expression (Sogie) and Providing Penalties Therefor

M
Medicare
Republic Act No. 7875, an act instituting a national health insurance program for all Filipinos
and establishing the Philippine health insurance corporation for the purpose.

Micro
Republic Act No. 10693 an act strengthening nongovernment organizations (ngos) engaged in
microfinance operations for the poor.

N
NASW Code of Ethics
The NASW Code of Ethics is a set of standards that guide the professional conduct of social
workers. 

NATIONALISM
Republic Act No. 10390 an act amending republic act no. 7306, entitled “an act providing for
the establishment of the people’s television network, incorporated, defining its powers and
functions, providing for its sources of funding and for other purposes”

National Association of Social Workers

Republic Act No. 9433, an Act Providing for A Magna Carta For Public Social Workers.
Networking
Republic Act No. 7925, an act to promote and govern the development of Philippine
telecommunications and the delivery of public telecommunications services.

O
OVERSEAS
Overseas- [ Republic Act No. 8042] an act to institute the policies of overseas employment and
establish a higher standard of protection and promotion of the welfare of migrant workers,
their families and overseas Filipinos in distress, and for other purposes

P
Peasant
Republic Act No. 11291 “Magna Carta of the Poor” It is the declared policy of the State to uplift
the standard of living and quality of life of the poor and provide them with sustained
opportunities for growth and development. It shall adopt an area-based, sectoral, and focused
intervention to poverty alleviation where every poor Filipino must be empowered to meet the
minimum basic needs through the partnership of the government and the basic sectors.

PERSON WITH DISABILITIES

Republic Act No. 7277 “Magna Carta for Disabled Persons” is an act providing for the
rehabilitation, self-development and self-reliance of disabled persons and their integration into
the mainstream of society and for other purposes.

PLHIV
Republic Act No. 11166 states that no PLHIV shall be denied or deprived of private health
insurance under a Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) and private life insurance coverage
under a life insurance company on the basis of the person's HIV status.

Poverty
Republic Act No. 11291 “Magna Carta of the Poor” It is the declared policy of the State to uplift
the standard of living and quality of life of the poor and provide them with sustained
opportunities for growth and development. It shall adopt an area-based, sectoral, and focused
intervention to poverty alleviation where every poor Filipino must be empowered to meet the
minimum basic needs through the partnership of the government and the basic sectors.
R
Relative poverty
Republic Act No. 11291 “Magna Carta of the Poor” It is the declared policy of the State to uplift
the standard of living and quality of life of the poor and provide them with sustained
opportunities for growth and development. It shall adopt an area-based, sectoral, and focused
intervention to poverty alleviation where every poor Filipino must be empowered to meet the
minimum basic needs through the partnership of the government and the basic sectors.

S
Solo parent

Republic Act No. 8972 is an act providing for benefits and privileges to solo parents and their
children, appropriating funds therefor and for other purposes.

T
Teenage pregnancy

Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 mandates the government to
adequately address the needs of Filipinos on responsible parenthood and reproductive health.
The law aims to empower the Filipino people, especially women and youth, through informed
choice and age- and development- appropriate education. Through the act, the government
integrated sex education into the public-school curriculum for students ages 10 to 19. The
Philippines also gave funding for free or subsidized contraceptives at health centers and public
schools.

The Social Work Profession

Republic Act No. 4373 series of 1965 is an entitled act to Regulate the Practice of Social Work
and the Operation of Social Work Agencies in the Philippines and for Other Purposes, regulates
and provides for high quality of ethical and professional standards for practice of social
workers and registration and accreditation of social work agencies as stated in Sections 8 and
23 of the Act, respectively
W
Women
Republic Act No. 9710 “Magna Carta for Women” is comprehensive women’s human rights law
that seeks to eliminate discrimination against women by recognizing, protecting, fulfilling and
promoting the rights of Filipino women, especially those in marginalized sector.

Worker
“Labor Code of the Philippines” stands as the law governing employment practices and labor
relations in the Philippines. It was enacted on Labor Day of 1974. It prescribes the rules for
hiring and termination of private employees; the conditions of work including maximum work
hours and overtime; employee benefits such as holiday pay, thirteenth month pay and
retirement pay; and the guidelines in the organization and membership in labor unions as well
as in collective bargaining.

Y
Youth

Republic Act No. 8044 “The Youth in Nation-Building Act” is an act creating the National Youth
Commission, establishing a National Comprehensive and Coordinated Program on Youth
Development, Appropriating Funds Therefore, and for Other Purposes.