Fertilizers

 Fertilizer is the material that is applied to soil or

plant tissue to supply one or more plant nutrients
essential to the growth of plant
  They include
1. Nitrogen ( leaf growth )
2. Phosphorus (Development of roots, flowers, seeds,
fruit)
3. Potassium (Strong stem growth, movement of
water in plants, promotion of flowering and
fruiting)
 They may vary plant to plant depending on
their needs
  They are
1. Calcium
2. Magnesium
3. Sulpher
4. Zinc
5. Nickel
 etc
1. Single nutrient (straight) urea
2. Binary
3. Mix
 They are classified as "straight fertilizers.
 Examples are
 Ammonium nitrate , urea (CH₄N₂O)
 Super phosphate ( mixture of calcium
acid phosphate and calcium sulfate prepared
by treating phosphate rock with sulfuric acid)
 Potassium chloride ,Potassium carbonate
 Mono ammonium phosphate,
 Di-ammonium phosphate
 They provide all N,P,K content
 P2O5 phosphorus pentoxide
 N2 nitrogen
 K2 O potash
  Raw material
1. Phosphate rock
2. Sulphuric acid
3. Water
 Crushing grinding screening
 The major difference is the reaction of ground
rock with H3PO4
 It is high concentration nitrogenous fertilizer
 Nitrogen content in urea is about 46%
 Chemical name is carbamide
 Raw material used are
1. Carbon dioxide
2. Ammonia
 Reaction

 2 NH3 + CO2 ⇌ H2N-COONH4 (carbamate)

(exothermic)

 H2N-COONH4 ⇌ (NH2)2CO + H2O

(endothermic) UREA
 Operating condition
 Temperature 170-190 c
 Pressure 135-145 bar
 Uses
 Fertilizer
 Plastics (urea formaldehyde)
 Adhesives
 Animal feeds
 Surface cleaners
 Pesticides
 (NH4)2 HPO4
 Contains
 18%N2
 46% P2O5
 It is used as a fertilizer as it is rich in
phosphorus and nitrogen
 It is used as a fire retardant
 Used in metal finishing operation
 Used in fermentation to sustain yeast
fermentation
 Reaction
HNO3 + NH3 → NH4NO3
 Ammonia is used in its anhydrous form (a gas)
and the nitric acid is concentrated
 The reaction is violent owing to its
highly exothermic nature.
 Uses
 Fertilizer
 Explosives
 Mining