JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- VI ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
SYNOPSIS
 According to Maxwell, an accelerated charge
produces a sinusoidal time-varying magnetic field,  Since the loop c2 lies in the region between the
which in turn produces a sinusoidal time varying plates of the capacitor, no current flows in this
electric field. The two fields so produced are region. Hence Ampere’s circuital law for loop c2
mutually perpendicular. They constitute electro  
gives 
magnetic waves which can propagate through B.dl  0 ....  iii 
C2
empty space.
 Displacement current:- According to  The relations (ii) and (iii) continue to be true even if
Ampere’s circuital Law, the magnetic field B is two loops c1 and c2 are infinitesimally close to the
 
plate P of the capacitor. In the other hand, as the
related to steady current I as  B . dl   0 I ....(i)
where I is the current travelling through the surface loops c1 & c2 are infinitesimally close, it is expected
bounded by closed loop.    
that 
 B.dl   B.d l ...  iv 
In 1864, Maxwell showed that relation (i) is logically C1 C2

inconsistent. He accounted for this inconsistency Thus, relation (iv) is in contradiction with relations
as follows: Consider a parallel plate capacitor (ii) and (iii). This led Maxwell to point out that
having plates P and Q being charged with battery Ampere’s circuital law as given by (i) is logically
B. inconsistent.
P Q
E C/S area = A
 Idea of Displacement Current : Maxwell
R predicted that not only a current flowing in a
ic B  B r

ic conductor produces magnetic field but also a time-
varying electric field (i.e., changing electric field) in
C1 C2 a vacuum/free space (or in a dielectric) produces a
magnetic field. It means a changing electric field
d
gives rise to a current which flows through a region
so long as the electric field is changing there.
Maxwell also predicted that this current produces
 During charging, a current IC flows through the the same magnetic field as a conduction current
connecting wires which changes with time. This can produce. This current is known as
current will produce magnetic field around the wires ‘displacement current’.
which can be detected using a magnetic compass  Thus, displacement current is that current which
needle. Consider two loops c1 and c2 parallel to comes into play in the region in which the electric
field and hence the electric flux is changing with
the plates P and Q of the capacitor. c1 is enclosing time.
only the connecting wire attached to the plate P of Maxwell defined this displacement current in space
the capacitor and c2 lies in the region between the where electric field is changing with time as
two plates of capacitor. For the loop c1 , a current dE
ID  0 ...  v 
I is flowing through it, hence Ampere’s circuital law dt
 
for loop c1 gives 
B.d l  0 I ....  ii  where E is the electric flux.
C1

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 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- VI

 Maxwell also found that conduction current  I  i  i0e t / 

and displacement current  I D  together have the

property of continuity, although, individually, they
may not be continuous. R R/4
 This idea led Maxwell to modify Ampere’s circuital
law in order to make the same logically consistent.
He states Ampere circuital law in the form,
 
 B.dl  0  I  I D 
C as

 d  i0 '
 0  I   0 E  i  i .(say)
e
 dt 
(Where e is the base of natural logarithm).
It is now called as Ampere-Maxwell’s law. If Q be the charge at the mentioned instant then,
 This means that out side the capacitor plates, we the electric field between the plates is
have only conduction current ic  i and no
 Q
E 
displacement current id  0 . On the other hand,  0 0 (R)2
inside the capacitor, there is no conduction current  The electric flux through the specified area is
ic  0 and there is only displacement current id  i Q  R2  Q
Note: (i) Between the capacitor plates the E '  E(R / 4)2   
 0 (R)2  16  160
displacement current can be treated as the output
Rate of electric flux change is
i
of the constant current density j given by j = c 2 d
R  E' 
1  dQ  1(i')
 0
i
 
Thus, id , corresponding to r will be dt 160  dt  160 16e0

r
2 MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS
 
id  j r 2  ic  
R
 Maxwell, in 1862, gave the basic Laws of
electricity and magnetism in the form of four
(ii) Eq. Reflects that the magnetic field induction B
fundamental equations which are known as
varies linearly with r: so that it is zero at the axis (r
Maxwell’s equations. In the absence of any
= 0) and maximum at the periphery of the cylindrical
dielectric and magnetic material may be stated in
volume enclosing the plates (i.e., r = R)
the integral form as below.
W.E-1: A circular parallel plate capacitor with
1. Gauss’s Law for electrostatics :-
plate radius R is charged by means of a cell,
This Law gives the total electric flux in terms of
at time t=0. The initial conduction current is
charge enclosed by the closed surface.
i0 . Consider a circular area of radius R / 4
  q
In the usual notations  E .dS  
in
coplanar with the capacitor plates and located
symmetrically between them. Find the time 0

rate of electric flux change through this area
after one time constant.
Sol:
The conduction current at the end of one time
constant can be obtained by substituting t   in the
expression
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This Law states that electric lines of force start from
positive charge and end at negative charge i.e.,
electric lines force do not form closed paths.
2. Gauss’s Law for magnetism :-
 
Mathematically  B.dS  0
 This Law shows that the no. of magnetic lines of
force entering a closed surface is equal to no. of
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- VI ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
magnetic lines of force leaving that closed surface. regenerate each other and propagate through space
 This law tells that the magnetic lines of force form a as waves called EM waves.
continuous closed path.  An electric charge oscillating harmonically with
 This Law also predicts that the isolated magnetic frequency ' ' produces EM waves of same
monopoles does not exist. frequency.
3. Faraday’s Law of electro magnetic
Characteristics of EM waves :
induction :-
1) EM waves are transverse in nature whose speed is
   d
Mathematic cally  E.dl  B
 induced emf. same as that of speed of light
dt  
2) The two fields E and B have same frequency of
 This law gives a relation between electric field and
oscillation and they are in phase with each other.
changing magnetic flux.
 This law tells that changing magnetic field is a source 3) Keeping these features in mind, we can assume
of electric field. that if EM wave is travelling along positive direction
along x-axis, the electric field is oscillating parallel
4. Amper’s-Maxwell’s Law :-
  to the y-axis and that magnetic field is parallel to z-
Mathematically  B.dl   0  ic  id  axis, then we can write the electric and magnetic
fields as sinusoidal functions of position ‘x’ and time
 d  ‘t’
 0  ic   0 E 
 dt 
 This law states that magnetic field can be produced
by a conduction current as well as by displacement
current.
 At any instant in a circuit, conduction current is
equal to displacement current.
5. Lorentz Force :- Force acting on a charge ‘q’
E  E0 Sin  kx  wt  ; B  B0 sin  kx  wt 
moving in a region where electric and magnetic fields
similar to EM waves are existing simultaneously is In this, E0 & B0 are the amplitudes of the fields
   

F  q E  v B  4) EM waves can be polarised.
5) EM waves are self-sustaining oscillations of electric
W.E.-2: What is the instantaneous displacement and magnetic fields in free space or vaccum. EM
current in space between plates of parallel waves travel through vaccum with speed of light
plate capacitor of capacitor 1 F which is 1 8
charging at rate of 1 0 V / S
6 ‘C’ where. C     3 10 m / S ec
0 0

dE d d V  6) The speed of EM waves in any other medium of

Sol. As I d   0  0A E   0 A  
dt dt dt  d  permittivity  and permeability  is
0 A dV dV 1 1 C0
 C ; I d  106  106  1A Cmed   
d dt dt   r  0 r  0 r  r
Source of EM waves :- C0
 Accelerated charges radiate energy in the form of r r   n R.I.of medium
C med
EM waves. So it is source of EM waves
 An oscillating charge produces an oscillating electric 7) In vaccum, EM waves are of different wavelengths,
field inturn which produces an oscillating magnetic but velocity is same.
field.
 The oscillating electric and magnetic fields

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W.E.-3 : Electro magnetic waves travel in a

1 2 B2
medium with speed of 2  108 m / sec . The u   0 E dV  dV
2 20
relative permeability of the medium is 1 find
relative permittivity. 1 B2
 Energy density of EM wave is U  0E 2 
Sol. Give C  2  108 m / sec, r  1 2 2 0
Speed of EM waves in medium
1 2 2 B02
1 C0 c2  3  10 8 
2
=  E
0 0 sin  kx  wt   sin 2  kx   t 
C med   ; r  0  2
 2.25 2 20
 r  0 r  0 r r c2r  2  10 8   1
W.E-4: Suppose that the electric field amplitude If we take average over a long time, the sin 2 terms
of an EM wave is E0  120 N / C and that its 1
have an average value of
2
frequency   50HZ . Determine (a) B0 , , 
and K (b) Find expressions for E and B 1 B2
Thus u aV   0 E02  0
E0 4 4 0
Sol. a) i) Using C  B we get
0 1
Now E 0  CB0 and  0  0 
E0 120 C2
B0    4  107 T = 400nT 2
C 3  108 1 1 1 1 B0
 uE   0 E 02   0  C 2 B 02    0 B 02 =  uB
ii)   2 v  2    50 106  3.14 108 rad / Sec 4 4 4  0 0 4 0

C 3 108 Hence is an EM wave, average energy density of

iii) c        6m electric field is equal to average energy density of
 50 106
magnetic field.
2 2 2  3.14 The units of uE & u B are Jm 3
iv) K     1.05m 1
 6 6  average energy density of EM wave

b) E  E0 sin  kx   t  1 B2
u  u E  u B  2u E  2u B   0 E02  0
= 120 sin 1.05 x  3.14  108 t  2 2 0
Intensity of electro magnetic wave:
B  B0 sin  kx  t  Intensity of EM wave is defined as the energy
 400  10 sin 1.05 x  3.14  10 t 
9 8 crossing per second per unit area of a source
perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the
Energy density of EM waves: wave. It is denoted by I.
 Consider a plane electro magnetic wave propagating
total EM wave energy
along x-axis. The electric and magnetic fields in a i.e. Intensity I  Surface area  time
plane EM wave can be given by
E  E0 sin  kx  t  and B  B0 sin  kx  t  uaV  V uaV  Act

 In any small volume ‘dV’, the energy of electric At At
1 2 1 2
field is U E   0 E dV and energy of the magnetic Interms of electric fields I   0 E0 C ---------(1)
2 2
B2 B02
U
field in volume ‘dV’ is B  dV Interms of magnetic field I  C ---------(2)
2 0 20
 Thus t otal energy of EM wave is Either eq (1) or (2) may be used to find intensity of
EM waves
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 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- VI ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
ii) The intensity of EM radiation from an isotropic U
P surface is p  (total absorption)
C
point source at a distance r is I  where P
4 r 2
is power of source  2 E E
 E  mC   mC  C  mC  C  P  C 
Note: The rate of flow of energy crossing a unit  
area in an EM wave is described by the vector ‘S’ iii) When radiation incident on a surface is entirely
called poynting vector which is described by the reflected back along its original path, magnitude of
expression.
2U
 1   momentum delivered to the surface is p 
S
0

EB  C
where ‘C’ is velocity of light.
 
Since E and B are mutually perpendicular iv) When the radiation incident on a surface (Perfect
  absorber) radiaton pressure
E  B  EB
Thus magnitude of Poynting vector F 1 dp 1 d  U  1 dU S
Pr      
A A dt A dt  C  AC dt C
EB E 2
S 
 0  0C dU / dt
is called average value of Poynting vector..
A
SI unit of S is J sec 1 m 2 (or ) Wm 2
If the surface is perfect reflector radiation pressure
This relation shows that the value of electric vector
at any instant in the EM wave is about 377 times 2S
Pr 
the value of magnetic vector. It is because of this C
reason, optical properties of light is due to electric
W.E-6: Light with an energy flux of 18W / cm 2
field. Average of Poynting vector is given by
falls on a non reflecting surface at normal
E0 B0 1 2 CB02 incidence. If the surface has an area of 20cm 2
I  SaV    E0 C 
20 2 20 then find average force exerted on the surface
W.E.-5 : The electric field of an electro magnetic during a 30 minute time span.
Sol. Total energy falling on the surface is
 x
wave is given by E  50 sin   t   N / C .
 c U  18  10 4  20  10 4   30  60  = 6.48  105 J
Find energy contained in a cylinder of cross-
Total momentum delivered (complete absorption)
section 10cm 2 and length 50cm along x-axis
U 6.48  105
1 p   2.16 10 3 kg m / sec
Sol: Average volume of energy density uaV   0 E02 C 3 10 8
2
Total volume of cylinder V  Al average force exerted
Total energy of contained in cylinder p 2.16 103
F   1.2 106 N
1  t 30  60
U  U aV  V    0 E02   Al   5.5 10 12 J
2 
W.E.-7: The rms value of electric field of light
Momentum and Radiation Pressure coming from sun is 720 N / C . Find average
i) Electro magnetic waves have linear momentum as
energy density of em wave.
well as energy. When EM waves strike a surface,
pressure is exerted on it, called radiation pressure. 1
Sol: Total average energy density =  0 E02   0 Ems
2
ii) When EM waves are incident on a surface and the 2
total energy transferred to the surface in a time t is
 E0 
U then magnitude of momentum transferred to   E rms 
 12 2
  8.85  10   720  =
 2  4.58 106 Jm3
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Electro magnetic spectrum : 2) X-rays : They were discovered by Roentgen in

 The array obtained on arranging all the 1895. Their wavelength is of the order of 1012 m
electromagnetic waves in an order on the basis of
to 1018 m . X-rays are produced when highly
their wavelength is called the electromagnetic
energetic cathode rays are stopped by a metal
spectrum
target of high melting point. They affect the
In the order of increasing wavelength, these waves
photographic plate and can penetrate through the
are (i) Gamma rays, (ii) X-rays, (iii) Ultraviolet rays,
transparent materials. They are mainly used in
(iv) Visible light, (v) infrared waves, (vi)
detecting the fracture of bones, hidden bullet,
Microwaves and (vii) Radio waves.
needle, costly material, etc., inside the body and
Frequency (Hz)

Wavelength
also used in the study of crystal structure.
3) Ultraviolet rays : They were discovered by
Gamma-rays 0.1 A Ritter in 1801. Their wavelength is of the order
19
10
1A 10 9 m to 4  107 m . In the radiations received
10 18
0.1 nm from sun, major part is that of the ultraviolet
400 nm
X-rays
1 nm radiation. Its other sources are the electric discharge
1017 tube, carbon arc etc. These radiations are mainly
10 nm used in excitation of photoelectric effect and to kill
1016 500 nm
Ultra violet the bacteria of many diseases.
100 nm
15
10
Visible 1000 nm 4) Visible light : This was first studied in 1666 by
Near IR
14
1 m 600 nm Newton. The radiations in the range of wavelength
10
Infra-red 10 m from 4  107 m to 7  107 m fall in the visible
13
10 region. The wavelength of the light of violet colour
Thermal IR 100 m
10
12
700 nm is the shortest and that of red colour is the longest.
For IR 1000 m Visible light is obtained from the glowing bodies,
1000 MHz 1 mm
10 11
while they are white hot. The light obtained from
UHF 1 cm the electric bulbs, sodium lamp, fluorescent tube is
300 MHz 1010 Radar the visible light.
10 cm
109 5) Thermal or infrared waves: They were
VHF 1m
7-13
discovered by Herchell in 1800. Their wavelength
108 Radio, TV
100 MHz FM 10 m is of the order of 7  107 m to 10 3 m . A body on
VHF
107 being heated, emits out the infrared waves. These
2-0
100 m
30 MHz radiations have the maximum heating effect. The
106 AM
1000 m glass absorbs these radiations, therefore for the
Long-waves study of these radiations rock salt prism is used
The figure illustrates the general spectrum of the instead of a glass prism. These waves are mainly
electromagnetic radiations, in which the wavelength used for therapeutic purpose by the doctors because
is expressed in metre. of their heating effect.
1) Gamma rays : They were discovered by 6) Microwaves: They were discovered by Hertz in
Becquerel and Curie in 1896. Their wavelength is 1888. Their wavelength is in the range of nearly
of the order of 10 14 to 1010 m . The main sources 10 4 m to 1m. These waves are produced by the
are the natural and artificial radioactive substances. spark discharge or magnetron valve. They are
These rays affect the photographic plate. These detected by the crystal or semiconductor detector.
rays are mainly used in the treatment of cancer These waves are used mainly in radar and long
disease. distance communication.

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7) Radiowaves: They were first discovered in 1895 moment um associated with a photon is
by Marconi. Their wavelength is in the range of E h h C h
0.1m to 105 m . They can be obtained by the flow P     where  =wave
C C C  
of high frequency alternating current in an electric length,   frequency,, C= velocity of light
conductor. These waves are detected by the tank (iv) Intensity of eletromagnetic waves (or photons)I is
circuit in a radio receiver or transmitter. the flow of energy through unit area
Application of EM waves (perpendiculer o the flow) in unit time.
1) Radio and microwave radiations are used in radio
and TV communication system. Microwave 1  dE 
ie I    Unit : W m 2
radiations are mainly used in radar and TV A  dt 
communication. Case (i):
2) Infrared radiations are used (i) Consider a beam of eletro magnetic radiation of
i) in green houses to keep the plants warm intensity I, and of cross sectional area A which falls
ii) in revealing the secret writings on the ancient on a surface of a body normally
walls (ii) If the surface absorbs the radiaction falling on it
iii) for looking through haze, fog and mist during completely, force excerted by the radiation on the
war time, as these radiations can pass through them. surface =Rate of change of linear momentum
3) Ultraviolet radiations are used
i) in preserving the food stuffs. dp dE 1 1  dE  IA
ie F      
ii) in the detection of invisible writing, forged dt C dt C  dt  C
documents, finger prints in forensic laboratory. F I
!
iii) Ultraviolet radiations are also used for knowing (iii) Pressure excerted on the surface P  
A C
the structure of the molecules and arrangement of
electrons in the external shells. Case (ii):
4) X-rays many applications these rays provide us (i) If the surface reflects the radiation completly (falling
valuable information on it normally), force excerted on the surface
i) about the structure of atomic nuclei dp  dE  1 2  dE  2 IA
ii) in the study of crystal structure F  2     and
dt  C  dt C  dt  C
iii) in the fracture of bones etc.
5)   rays were used ! F 2I
pressure on the surface P  
i) in treatment of cancer and tumours A C
ii) to produce nuclear reactions. Case (iii):
ADVANCED MAIN POINTS (i) If the radiation falls normally and the surface is
Radiation Force and Pressure partially reflecting and absorbing the remaining with
(i) Electromagnetic waves (radiation) carry energy and reflection and absorption coefficients r and a
momentum and exert force on the surface of a body respectively, then force on the surface
when they get absorbed or reflected by that surface
 dE  1  dE  1
(ii) Accoding to Einstein’s mass energy equivalence F  r  2    a  
 C  dt  C  dt
 E  mc 
2
linear momentum associated with
1  dE  IA IA
    2r  a    2r  1  r   1  r 
E C  dt  C C
energy E is P  ( E  mc  c and mc is linear
c a  r  1
momentum of a photon of energy E or linear
momentum of a portion of the wave carrying an ! F I
Pressure P   1  r 
energy E) A C
(iii) According to qunatum theory of radiation, linear (ii) In this case if surface is partially transmitting wtih

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Elect romagnetic Spectrum

S.N Name Freque ncy range Wavele ngth range (m) Production
(Hz)
1. Gamma    rays 5  10 22 to 5  1018 0.6  10 14 to 10 10 Nuclear Origin
2. X-rays 3  10 21 to 1 1016 10 13 to 3  108 Bombardment of high
Z target by elec trons
3. Ult raviolet rays (UV) 8  1014 to 8  1016 4 10  9 to 4  10 7 Exc it ation of atoms
and spark
4. Visible light 4 1014 to 8  10 14 4 10  7 to 8  107 Excitation of atoms,
spar k and arc flame
5. Thermal of infrared 3  1011 to 4 1014 8  10 9 to 3 103 Exc it ation of atoms
rays (IR) and molec ules
6. Microwaves 3 10 8 to 3  1011 10 3 to 1 Klystron value or
magnetron value
7. Radiowaves 3 10 3 to 3  1011 10 3 to 10 5 Oscillating circuits

reflection ,absorption and transmission coefficients Force on the surface parallel to the surface is
r,a and t respectively, then force on the surface
 dE sin   1 1  dE  IA
Ft        sin   sin 
 dE  1  dE  1  C  dt C  dt  C
F  r2   a 
 C  dt  C  dt Resultant force on the surface
1  dE  IA 2 2 IA
   2 r  a   2 r  a F  Fn  Ft 
C
at an angle  with normal
C  dt  C
and r  a  t  1 to the surface

Case (iv) : normal force Fn IAcos I 2

Pr essure     cos 
Let a parallel beam of radiation falls on a plane area  A   A  C
  C 
surface at an angle with normal to thesurface and  cos   cos 
A be the cross-sectional area of the beam (ii) In this case if radiation is completely reflected at
A
the same angle, then force on the surface
 dE cos  1 2  dE  2IA
F  2      cos  cos
 C  dt C  dt  C
and force parallel to the surface =0 ( no change
 in linear momentum parallel to the surface)
F 2 I cos 2 
A
pressure P!  
cos   A  C
 
(i) If the radiation is absorbed by the surface  cos  
completely, force on the surface normal to it is (iii) In this case if the surface partially reflects (at same
angle) and absorbs the remaining with reflection
 dE cos   1 1  dE  IA
Fn       cos   cos  and absorption coefficients r and a respectively
 C  dt C  dt  C
(r+a=1), then force on surface normal to it due to

8 NARAYANAGROUP
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- VI ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
the reflected and absorbed parts of the radiation is 3. A capacitor is connected in an electric circuit
with a open key, immediately after pressing
2dE cos  1  dE cos  1 the key, the current in the circuit is -
Fn  r    a 
C dt  C  dt 1. zero 2. maximum
1  dE  IA cos 3. any transient value
    cos  2r  a    2r 1 r  4. depends on capacitor used
C  dt  C
4. Displacement current is continuous-
IA cos  1. when electric field is changing in the circuit
 1  r  2. when magnetic field is changing in the circuit
C
Force on the surface parallel to it ( this is due to the 3. in both types of fields.
absorbed portion of the radiation only) is 4. through wire and resistance only
5. The conduction current is the same as
dE sin  1 a  dE  displacement current when the source is
Ft  a     sin 
C dt C  dt  1. A.C. only
IA 2. D.C. only
 sin  1  r  3. both A.C and D.C.
C
4. neither for A.C. nor for D.C.
Resultant force on th surface is 6. The Maxwells four equations are written as
IA 2 2   q0
F  Fn2  Ft 2  1 r  cos2   1 r  sin2   
C (i)  .dS  
E (ii)  B.dS  0
0

1  Ft    d  
This force ats at an angle   tan  F  with
 n (iii)  .dl  dt  B.dS
E
normal to the surface   d  
  1  r  (iv)  B.dl  0 0  E .dS
  tan 1  tan   dt
ie  
  1  r  The equations which have sources of E and
normal force F 
P!   n B are
Pressure area A 1. (i), (ii), (iii) 2. (i), (ii)
cos  3. (i) and (iii) only 4. (i) and (iv) only
7. Out of the above four equations, the equations
IA cos  1  r  I
  cos 2  1  r  which do not contain source field are -
C A C 1. (i) and (ii)2. (ii) only 3. all of four 4. (iii) only
cos  8. Out of the four Maxwell’s equations above,
which one shows non-existence of monopoles?
C.U.Q 1. (i) and (iv) 2. (ii) only
  3. (iii) only 4. none of these
1. If E and B are the electric and magnetic field
vectors of electromagnetic waves then the 9. Which of the above Maxwell’s equations shows
direction of propagation of electromagnetic that elelctric field lines do not form closed
waves is along the direction of - loops?
  1. (i) only 2. (ii) only 3. (iii) only 4. (iv) only
1. E 2. B 10. In an electromagnetic wave the average
    energy density is associated with -
3. E  B 4. B  E
1. electric field only
2. The electromagnetic waves do not transport- 2. magnetic field only
1. energy 2. charge 3. equally with electric and magnetic fields.
3. momentum 4. information 4. average energy density is zero.

NARAYANAGROUP 9
 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- VI

11. The displacement current flows in the dielectric 20. Energy stored in electromagnetic oscillations
of a capacitor when the potential difference is in the form of
across its plates- 1. electrical energy 2. magnetic energy
1. becomes zero 3. both 1 and 2 4. neither of the above
2. has assumed a constant value 21. Whcih wave is not electromagnetic in nature?
3. is increasing with time 1. micro 2. radio 3. X-ray 4. audio
4. decreasing with time 22. Total energy of EM waves in free space is
12. Select wrong statement from the following- given by
Electromagnetic waves
1. are transverse E2 B2  0 E 2 0 B 2
1.  2. 
2. travel with same speed in all media 2 0 20 2 2
3. travel with the speed of light
4. are produced by accelerating charge. E 2  B2  0 E 2 B2
3. 4. 
13. The waves related to telecommuni-cation are- C 2 20
1. infra red 2. visible light 23. Which of the following waves have the
3. microwaves 4. ultraviolet rays
maximum wavelength?
14. The nature of electromagnetic wave is-
1. Ultraviolet rays 2. I.R. rays
1. longitudinal 2.longitudinal stationary
3. UV rays 4. radio waves
3. transverse 4. transverse stationary
24. Electromagnetic waves are transverse in
15. The frequencies of x-rays ,  -rays and
nature is evident by
ultraviolet rays are respectively a,b and c.
1. polarization 2. interference
Then:
3. reflection 4. diffraction
1. a  b, b  c 2. a  b, b  c 25. Which of the following are not electromagnetic
3. a  b, b  c 4. a  b, b  c waves?
16. Electromagnetic radiation of frequency 1. secondary cosmic rays 2. gamma rays
3×105 MHz can be produced by which of the 3.   rays 4. X-rays
following wave   
26. Let E , B and C represent the electric field,
1. Radiowave 2. X-rays
3. Ultraviolet 4. Microwave magnetic field and velocity of an
17. Maxwell’s equations describe the fundamental electromagnetic wave respectively. Their
laws of directions, at any instant point along the unit
1. electricity only 2. magnetism only vectors given below in order. Which of the
3. mechanics only 4. both 1 and 2 following cannot be true?
18. Which of the following statements is not 1) kˆ, iˆ, ˆj 2) kˆ, ˆj , iˆ 3) iˆ, ˆj , kˆ 4)  ˆj ,  kˆ ,  iˆ
correct? 27. A radiation of energy E falls normally on a
1. photographic plates are sensitive to infrared rays perfectly reflecting surface. The momentum
2. photographic plates are sensitive to ultraviolet transferred to the surface
rays
3. Infra-red rays are invisible but can cast shadows 1) E/C 2) 2E/C 3) EC 4) E / C2
like visible light 28.An electromagnetic wave passing through
4. infrared photons have more energy than photons vacuum is described by the equation;
of visible light E  E0 sin  kx  t  and B  B0 sin  kx  t  ;
19. Radio waves and visible light in vacuum have
then
1. same velocity but different wavelength
2. continuous emission spectrum 1) E0  B0 2) E0  B0 k
3. band absorption spectrum
3) E0 B0   k 4) E0 k  B0
4. line emission spectrum
10 NARAYANAGROUP
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- VI ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
29. The frequency of visible light is of the order 37. Assertion: The magnetic flux through a closed
of surface is zero
1. 1015 Hz 2. 1010 Hz 3. 106 Hz 4. 104 Hz Reason: Gauss’s law applies in the case of
30. Which of the following wavelength falls in X- electric flux only
ray region? 38. Assertion: A changing electric-field produces
0 0 -2 0 -3 0
1. 1A 2. 10 A 3. 10 A 4. 10 A a magnetic field.
31. An electro magnetic wave is vaccume has the Reason:A changing magnetic field produces
 
electric and magnetic field E and B which an electric field.
are always perpendicular to each other. The 39. Statement I: Sound waves are not

direction of polarisation is given by X and electromagnetic waves.

that of wave propagation by K then Statemenet II: Sound waves require a material
(AIE:2012) medium for propagation.
         
1) X || B and K || B  E 2) X || E and K || E  B 40. Statement I: Electromagnetic waves are
          transverse in nature.
3) X || E and K || E  B 4) X || E and K || B  E
Statement II: The electric and magnetic fields
Note : Directions q.no. 32 to 46 of an e.m. wave are perpendicular to each
1. Both Assertion and reason are true and the other and also perpendicular to the direction
reason is correct explanation of the Assertion. of wave propagation.
2. Both Assertion and reason are true, but
reason is not correct explanation of Assertion. 41. Statement I: Electromagnetic waves exert
3. Assertion is true, reason is false pressure, called radiation pressure.
4. Assertion is false, reason is true Statement II: This is because they carry
32. Assertion: Displacement current arises on energy.
account of change in electric flux. 42. Statment I: in an electric circuit a capacitor of
dE reactance 100  is connected across a 220 V
Reason: I d  0 source. The displacement current is 2.2 A.
dt
33. Assertion (A): In an e.m. wave, magnitude of Statement II: The data is insufficient.

magnetic field vector B is much smaller than 43. Statement I: An e.m. radiation of energy 14.4
 keV belongs to X-ray region.
the magnitude of vector E
Reason(R): This is because in an e.m. wave Statement II: E  hv  hc / 
E/B  c  3  108 m / s. 44. Statement I : The velcoity of all
34. Assertion(A): Microwaves have more energy electromagnetic waves in vacuum is different.
than the radio waves Statement II: The different electromagnetic
hc waves are of different frequency
Reason(R): E  h 
 45. Column I
35. Assertion: Displacement current decreases (A) Aveage energy density of electric field in
with the increase in frequency of a.c. supplied electromagnetic wave
to a capacitor
(B) Average energy density of magnetic field in
Reason: Reactance due to capacitance is
electromagnetic wave
directly proportional to the frequency of a.c.
36. Assertion: The electrostatic field lines cannot (C) Total average energy density of electromagnetic
form a closed path. wave
 
Reason:  E.dl  0 (D) Intensity of electromagnetic wave

NARAYANAGROUP 11
 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- VI

Column II MAGNETIC FIELD PRODUCED

1 1 BETWEEN PLATES OF PARALLEL
(P) 0 E02 c (Q) 0 E02 PLATE CAPACITOR
2 2
3. The magnetic field between the plates of a
2
1 1B 0 capacitor when r > R is given by -
(R) 0 E02 (S)
4 4 0 µ 0 ID r µI µ I
1. 2 2. 0 D 3. 0 D 4. zero
1. A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S 2. A-Q, B-R, C-S, D-P 2πR 2πR 2πr
3. A-R, B-S, C-Q, D-P 4. A-Q, B-R, C-S, D-P 4. A condenser is charged using a constant
46. Column I current. The ratio of the magnetic fields at a
(A) Radiowaves R
(B) Infrared radiations distance of and R from the axis of
2
(C)Ultraviolet rays condenser (R is the radius of plate) while
(D)Gamma rays charging is
Column II 1) 1:1 2) 2 :1 3) 1: 2 4) 1: 4
(P) Vibrations of atoms and molecules 5. The magnetic field between the circular plates
(Q) Arc lamp of radius 12 cm separated by distance of 4mm
(R) Nuclear origin of a parallel plate capacitor of capacitance 100
(S) Oscillating circuit pF. along the axis of plates having conduction
1. A-P, B-Q, C-R, D-S 2. A-Q, B-R, C-S, D-P current of 0.15 A is
3. A-R, B-S, C-P, D-Q 4. A-S, B-P, C-Q, D-R 1) zero 2) 1.5 T 3) 15 T 4) 0.15 T
C.U.Q - KEY WAVE EQUATION
6. The wave function (in S.I unit) for an
1) 3 2) 2 3) 2 4) 1 5) 2 6) 4 7) 2 electromagnetic wave is given as -
8) 2 9) 1 10) 3 11) 3 12) 2 13) 3 14) 3
15) 4 16) 4 17) 4 18) 4 19) 1 20) 3 21) 4   x, t   103 sin   3  106 x  9  1014 t 
22) 4 23) 4 24) 1 25) 3 26) 4 27) 2 28) 4 The speed of the wave is
29) 1 30) 1 31) 2 32) 1 33) 1 34) 2 35) 3 1. 9 1014 m/s 2. 3  108 m/s
36) 1 37) 3 38) 2 39) 1 40) 1 41) 2 42) 3 3. 3  106 m/s 4. 3  107 m/s
43) 2 44) 4 45) 3 46) 4 7. The velocity of all radiowaves in free space is
3×108 m/s , the frequency of a wave of
LEVEL-I (C.W) wavelength 150 m is
1. 45 MHz 2. 2 MHz 3. 2 KHz 4. 20 KHz
DISPLACEMENT CURRENT 8. The relative permeability of glass is 3/8 and
1. A Parallel plate condenser of capacity 100 pF the dielectric constant of glass is 8. The
refractive index of glass is
is connected to 230 V of AC supply of 300rad/
1) 1.5 2) 1.1414 3) 1.732 4) 1.6
sec frequency. The rms value of displacement
9. An electromagnetic wave of frequency 3 MHz
current.
passes from Vacuum into a dielectric medium
1) 6.9  A 2) 2.3 A 3) 9.2  A 4) 4.6  A with permittiviy  4.0 Then (AIE : 2004)
2. A parallel plate capacitor of plate separation 1) Wave length doubled and frequency remains
2mm is connected in an electric circuit having unchanged
source voltage 400V. If the plate area is 2) wave length is doubled and frequency becomes
60 cm 2 , then the value of displacement current half
3) wave length is halved and frequency remains
for time period of 106 sec will be unchanged
1) 1.062 amp 2) 1.062  102 amp 4) wave length and frequency both remain
unchanged
3) 1.062  103 amp 4) 1.062  10 4 amp
12 NARAYANAGROUP
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- VI ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
RELATION BETWEEN B & E 17. The rms value of the electric field of a plane
10. In a plane electromagnetic wave, the electric electromagnetic wave is 314V/m. The average
field oscillates sinusoidally at a frequency of energy density of electric field and the
2 1010 Hz and amplitude 48V/m . The average energy density are
amplitude of oscillating magnetic field will be 1) 4.3  107 Jm 3 ; 2.15  107 Jm 3
1 -8 2
1. ×10 Wb/m 2. 16×10-8 Wb/m2 2) 4.3  107 Jm 3 ;8.6 10 7 Jm 3
16
3) 2.15  107 Jm 3 ; 4.3  107 Jm 3
1 -7 2
3. 12×10-7 Wb/m2 4. ×10 Wb/m 4) 8.6  10 7 Jm 3 ; 4.3 10 7 Jm 3
12
11. In a plane electromagnetic wave, the electric 18. The magnitudes of Poynting vector and
field oscillates sinusoidally at a frequency of electric field vector are respectively S and E,
2 1010 Hz and amplitude 48V/m , the then
wavelength of the wave will be - 2 0 
1. 1.5 m 2. 66.6 m 3. 1.5 cm 4. 66.6 cm 1. S  E  2. S  E 2  0  0
0
12. In an apparatus the electric field was found to
oscillate with an amplitude of 18Vm 1 . The rms 2 0 2 E2
3. S  E 0 4. S 
of the oscillating magnetic field is 0
1) 6  108 T 2) 4.23  108 T INTENSITY
3) 9 108 T 4) 7.0 108 T 19. If a source of power 4 kW produces 1020
13. The amplitude of the sinusoidally oscillating photons/second, the radiation belong to a part
electric field of a plane wave is 60V/m. Then of the spectrum called [AIE 2010]
the amplitude of the magnetic field is 1. X - rays 2. Ultraviolet rays
1) 12  107 T 2) 6  107 T 3. Microwaves 4.  rays
20. The intensity of electromagnetic wave at a
3) 6  107 T 4) 2  107 T
distance of 1 Km from a source of power 12.56
MOMENTUM AND FORCE kw. is
14. Light with energy flux of 18W / cm2 falls on a
1) 103Wm 2 2) 4  103Wm 2
non reflecting surface of area 20cm 2 at normal
3) 12.56  103Wm 2 4) 1.256  103Wm 2
incidence the momentum delivered in 30
minutes is 21. The sun delivers 103W / m 2 of electromagnetic
1) 1.2  106 kgms 1 2) 2.16  103 kgms 1 flux incident on a roof of dimensions 8m  20m ,
will be
3) 1.18 10 3 kgms 1 4) 3.2  103 kgms 1
1) 6.4  103W 2) 3.4  104 W
15. Light with energy flux of 24Wm 2 is incident
on a well polished disc of radius 3.5cm for one 3) 1.6  105 W 4) 3.2  105 W
hour. The momentum transferred to the disc LEVEL-I (C.W) - KEY
is 1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 3 5) 1 6) 2 7) 2
1) 1.1 kg ms 1 2) 2.2  kg ms 1 8) 3 9) 3 10) 2 11) 3 12) 2 13) 4 14) 2
3) 3.3 kg ms 1 4) 4.4  kg ms 1 15) 2 16) 3 17) 2 18) 1 19) 1 20) 1 21) 3
ENERGY DENSITY LEVEL-I (H.W) - HINTS
16. The maximum electric field of a plane V V
1. Id    VC
electromagnetic wave is 88 V/m. The average Z XC
energy density is
1) 3.4  108 Jm 3 2) 13.7  108 Jm 3 VA
2. Id  0
Td
3) 6.8  108 Jm 3 4) 1.7  108 Jm 3

NARAYANAGROUP 13
 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- VI

0 I d 2. A parallel plate condenser of capacity 10 F

3. rR B
2 r is charged with a constant charging current of
Ir I 0.16A. The displacement current is
4. r  RB  0 02 ; r  R B  0 d 1) 0.16  A 2) 0.16A
2 R 2 R
I r 3) 0.96A 4) 9.6A
5. B  0 d2 ;r 0 MAGNETIC FIELD PRODUCED
2 R
 BETWEEN PLATES OF PARALLEL
6. C PLATE CAPACITOR
K
3. The graph representing the variation of
7. C  n
induced magnetic field in the gap of the
C0  condenser plates during its charging with the
8. RI of glass =   r r
C 0 0 distance from the axis of the gap is
9. C  n 1) 2)
E
10. B
C B B
C
11. 

E distance distance
12. C
B
3) 4)
E
13. C 0
B0 B B
U IAt
14. p  
C C
2U 2 IAt distance distance
15. P  
C C 4. The electrical field in the gap of a condenser
2
16. U av   0 EMax charges as 1012Vm 1 s 1 . If the radius of each
1 plate of the condenser is 3cm, the magnetic
2
17. U av E   0 EMax 2
; U av   0 Emax field at the edge of plate in the gap is
2
1) 1.67 mT 2) 0.167 T
nE hc
19. P  ; E 3) 0.5 T 4) 5 T
t 
P WAVE EQUATION
20. I  5. An LC circuit contains inductance L  1 H
4 r 2
21.   PA and capacitance C  0.01 H . The wavelength
of electromagnetic wave generated is nearly
LEVEL-I (H.W) 1. 0.5 m 2. 5 m 3. 188 m 4. 30 m
DISPLACEMENT CURRENT 6. The wave length of the Green light of mercury
1. The voltage between the plates of a parallel is 550nm. If the refractive index of the glass
plate condenser of capacity 2.0  F is is 1.5, the time period of the electrical vector
charging at a rate of 10Vs 1 . The displacement in glass nearly  C0  3  108 mS 1 
current
1) 1.8 10 9 S 2) 3.6  1015 S
1) 2 mA 2) 2  A 3) 20  A 4) 2A
3) 9 1015 S 4) 2.751015 S
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 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- VI ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
7. The all India Radio, station at Vijayawada 13. In an electromagnetic wave, the amplitude of
transmits its signals at 840 K C/s. The length electric field is 1V/m. The frequency of wave
of the radio wave is is 5  1014 Hz . The wave is propagating along
1) 35.7m 2) 357m z-axis. The average energy density of electric
3) 35.7 km 4) 3.57 m field, in Joule / m3 , will be
RELATION BETWEEN B & E
1) 1.1 1011 2) 2.2  1012
8. A point source of electromagnetic radiation
has an average power output of 800W, The 3) 3.3  1013 4) 4.4  1014
maximum value of electric field at a distance INTENSITY
3.5 m from the source will be 62.6 V/m, the 14. About 5% of the power of a 100 W light bulb
maximum value of magnetic field will be - is converted to visible radiation. The average
1. 2.09 105 T 2. 2.09 106 T intensity of visible raditaion at a distance of 1
m from the bulb:
3. 2.09 107 T 4. 2.09 108 T 1. 0.4W/m 2 2. 0.5W/m 2 3. 0.6W/m 2 4. 0.8W/m 2
9. A plane E.M. wave of frequency 40 MHz 15. The sun radiates electromagnetic energy at
travels along X-axis. At same point at same the rate of 3.9  1026 W . Its radius is
instant, the electric field E has maximum value
of 750 N/C in Y-direction. The magnitude and 6.96  108 m . The intensity of sun light at the
direction of magnetic field is solar surface will be (in W / m 2 )
1) 2.5T along X-axis 1) 1.4  104 2) 2.8  105 3) 64  106 4) 5.6  107
2) 2.5T along Y-axis 16. The intensity of TV broad cast station of
3) 2.5T aloing Z-axis E  800 Sin 109 t  k x  V/M is...... and the
4) 5T along Z-axis wave length in meter is ......
10. A plane electromagnetic wave of frequency 25 1) 850 wm2 ;0.6 2) 425 wm 2 ; 0.6
MHz travels in free space along the x- 3) 850 wm 2 ; 0.3 4) 425 wm 2 ; 0.3
direction. At a particular point in space and
time E  6.3 j . The magnetic field B at this LEVEL-I (H.W) - KEY
point is 1) 3 2) 2 3) 1 4) 2 5) 3 6) 4 7) 2
8) 3 9) 3 10) 2 11) 1 12) 2 13) 2 14) 1

1) 4.2  108 kT 
2) 2.1 108 kT
15) 3 16) 1

3) 18.9  108 kT 
4) 2.1  108 kT
LEVEL-I (H.W) - HINTS
MOMENTUM AND FORCE
dv
11. Light with energy flux 36w / cm 2 is incident 1. Id  C
on a well polished metal square plate of side dt
2cm. The force experienced by it is 2. IC  I d
1) 0.96 N 2) 0.24 N 3) 0.12 N 4) 0.36 N 0 i r 2i0
ENERGY DENSITY 3. B and i 
2 r R2
12. The rms value of the electric field of the light
  d 1 dE 2
coming from the sun is 720 N/C. The average B  2 r  
total energy density of the electromagnetic
4.  B.dl  0 0 dtE ; C2 dt
r

wave is 1 C
5. n , 
1) 3.3  103 J / m3 2) 4.58  106 J / m3 2 LC n
3) 6.37 10 J / m
9 3 4) 81.35  10 12
J /m 3

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 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- VI

C0  MAGNETIC FIELD PRODUCED

6.  ,T  BETWEEN PLATES OF PARALLEL
C C
PLATE CAPACITOR
C 3. A condenser has two conducting plates of
7. 
n radius 10cm separated by a distance of 5mm.
Em It is charged with a constant current of 0.15A.
8. Bm  The magnetic field at a point 2cm from the axis
C in the gap is
E 1) 1.5 10 6 T 2) 3  108 T
9. B
C 3) 6  108 T 4) 3  106 T
E 4. An AC rms voltage of 2V having a frequency
10. B  of 50 KHz is applied to a condenser of capacity
C
of 10 F . The maximum value of the magnetic
2U 2 IAt 2IA field between the plates of the condenser if
11. F   ;
Ct Ct C the radius of plate is 10cm is
1 1) 0.4 p  2) 4   T 3) 2  T 4) 40   T
2
12. U av   0 Emax
2 WAVE EQUATION
1 2
5. The wave emitted by any atom or molecule
13. Vav  E   0 Emax must have some finitetotal length which is
4
known as the coherence length. For sodium
P light, this length is 2.4cm. The number of
14. I  oscillations in this length will be Given
4 r 2
P   5900 A0
15. I  1) 4.068  105 Hz 2) 4.068  104 Hz
4 r 2
3) 4.068  106 Hz 4) 4.068  108 Hz
c  2  E0 B0 E02
16.    c   ; I   6. A wave is propagating in a medium of dielectric
n   20 20 C constant 2 and relative permeability 50. The
wave impedance is
LEVEL-II (C.W)
1) 5  2) 376.6  3) 3776  4) 1883
DISPLACEMENT CURRENT
1. A parallel plate condenser consists of two RELATION BETWEEN B & E
circular plates each of radius 2cm separated 7. The magnetic field in travelling EM wave has
by a distance of 0.1mm. A time varying
a peak value of 20nT. The peak value of
potential difference of 5 1013V / s is applied electric field strength is (AIE : 2013)
across the plates of the condenser. The 1) 6 V/m 2) 9 V/m 3) 12 V/m 4) 3 V/m
displacement current is
1) 5.50A 2) 5.56  102 A MOMENTUM AND FORCE
3) 5.56  103 A 4) 2.28  10 4 A 8. A plane electromagnetic wave of wave
2. A parallel plate condenser has conducting intensity 6W/m 2 stikes a small mirror of area
plates of radius 12cm separated by a distance
of 5mm. It is charged with a constant charging 40 cm 2 , held prependicular to the approaching
current of 0.16 A, the rate at which the wave. The momentum transfered by the wave
potential difference between the plate change to the mirror each second will be
is 1. 6.4×10-7 kg-m/s 2. 4.8×10-8 kg-m/s
1) 1 109 Vs 1 2) 2  1010 Vs 1
3. 3.2×10-9 kg-m/s 4. 1.6×10-10 kg-m/s
12 1 9 1
3) 3  10 Vs 4) 2  10 Vs
16 NARAYANAGROUP
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- VI ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
9. In the above question the radiation force on 15. Electromagnetic waves of frequency
the mirror will be 1.2  1015 Hz enters into water and
1. 6.4 10-7 N 2. 4.8  10-8 N subsequently into glass from v a c u u m .
Which of the following graphs correctly
3. 3.2  10-9 N 4. 1.6  10-10 N
represent the variation of frequency f with
ENERGY DENSITY medium? (Giventhat indices of refraction for
10. A point source of electromagnetic radiation water and glass are 4/3 and 3/2 respectively).
has an average power output of 800W. The
maximum value of electric field at a distance 1.2 1.2
3.5 m from the source will be 62.6 V/m, the 0.9

vacuum
0.8

water
glass
f f

vacuum

water
energy density at a distance 3.5 m from the

glass
(×1015Hz) (×1015Hz)
source will be - (in joule/m3)
medium medium
(a) (b)
1. 1.73 105 2. 1.73 106
3. 1.73 107 4. 1.73 108 1.8
1.2 1.6
11. An electromagnetic radiation has an energy 0.9 1.2

vacuum
f 0.8 f

vacuum
14.4 KeV. To which region of electromagnetic

water

water
glass

glass
(×1015Hz) (×1015Hz)
spectrum does it belong?
medium medium
1. Infra red region 2. Visible region
3. X-rays region 4. γ- ray region
28. A lamp radiates power P0 uniformly in all
directions, the amplitude of electric field
LEVEL-II (C.W.) - KEY
strength E0 at a distance r from it is
1) 3 2) 4 3) 3 4) 3 5) 2 6) 4 7) 1
P0 P0 8) 4 9) 4 10) 4 11) 4 12) 2 13) 3 14) 2
1) E0  2 cr 2 2) E0  15) 1
0 2 0cr 2
LEVEL-II (C.W.) - HINTS
P0 P0
3) E0  4) E0  8 cr  0 A dv
4 0cr 2 0 1. Id  
d dt
INTENSITY
dv dI d
13. A laser beam can be focussed on an area equal 2. 
to the square of its wavelength. A He-Ne laser dt  0 A
radiates energy at the rate of 1mW and its 0ir
wavelength is 600 nm. The intensity of 3. B
2 R 2
focussed beam will be
1) 3.2  109 W / m 2 2) 2.8  1013W / m 2 0C  dv 
4. B  
2 R  dt 
3) 2.7  109 W / m 2 4) 3.2  1013 W / m 2
14. The intensity of solar radiation at the earths l
5. No.of oscillations in this length =
surface is 1KW m 2 . The power entering the 
pupil of an eye of diameter 0.5 cm is E CB 
1. 39.2 mw 2) 19.6 mw 6. Wave impedence Z   
H H 
3) 9.8 mw 4) 4.9 mw

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Em MAGNETIC FIELD PRODUCED

7. Bm  BETWEEN PLATES OF PARALLEL
C
PLATE CAPACITOR
2U 2 av A 4. The capacity of a parallel plate condenser is
8. P 
C C 50 pF. A magnetic field of 4  107 T is produced
9. Momentum per sec is force at a distance of 10cm from the axis of the gap.
1 The charging current is
2
10. Energy density U   0 Em 1) 0.1A 2) 0.2 A 3) 0.3 A 4) 0.15 A
2
5. The diameter of the condenser plate is 4cm.
12, 400 hc It is charged by an external current of 0.2A.
11.   3
 The maximum magnetic field induced in the
14.4  10 E
gap
P P 1) 2 T 2) 4 T 3) 6T 4) 8T
13. I  
A 2 6. A condenser of capacity 50 p F is connected to
14. P  IA  I  R 2 an AC supply of 220 V 50 Hz. The rms value
of magnetic field at a distance of 5cm from
15. Frequency remains unchanged as electromagnetic the axis is
waves pass from one medium to another.
1) 22 1014 T 2) 22 1012 T
LEVEL-II (H.W) 11
3) 44 1013 T 4)  10 12 T
5
DISPLACEMENT CURRENT
WAVE EQUATION
1. The area of each plate of a parallel plated
condenser is 144 cm 2 . The electrical field in 7. The velocity of an electromagnetic wave in a
the gap between the plates changes at the rate medium is 2  108 mS 1 . If the relative
permeability is 1 the relative permittivity of
of 1012 V m1 s 1 . The displacement current is
the medium is  C0  3  108 mS 1 
4 0.4 40 1
1) A 2) A 3) A 4) A 1) 2.25 2) 1.5 3) 4/9 4) 2/3
   10
2. A condenser having circular plates having RELATION BETWEEN B & E
radius 2cm and separated by a distance of 8. In a plane electromagnetic wave, the electric
3mm. It is charged with a current of 0.1 A. The field oscillates sinusoidally at a frequency of
rate at which the potential difference between
the plates change is 2  1010 Hz and amplitude 48 V/m. The
amplitude of oscillating magnetic field will be
1) 9  1010 V / S 2) 1.8  1010 V / S
1
3) 2.7  106 V / S 4) 2.7  1010 V / S 1)  108 Wb / m 2 2) 16  108Wb / m 2
16
3. An AC source having a frequency of 50 Hz
and voltage supply of 300v is applied directly 1
3) 12 107 Wb / m 2 4)  107 Wb / m 2
to the condenser of capacity 100 F . The peak 12
and rms values of displacement current are 9. In an apparatus, the electric field was found
to oscillate with amplitude of 18 V/m. The
9.42 9.42 amplitude of the oscillating magnetic field will
1) 9.42 A; A 2) A;9.42 2 A
2 2 be
1) 4  106 T 2) 6  108 T
3) 9.42 2 A;9.42 A 4) 9.42 A;9.42 A
3) 9 109 T 4) 11 10 11 T

18 NARAYANAGROUP
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- VI ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
MOMENTUM AND FORCE LEVEL-II (H.W) - HINTS
10. Light with energy flux 36Wm 2 is incident on
dE dv dI d
a circular part of radius 1.4 m of a perfectly 1. Id  0 A 2. dt   A
black body. The force experienced by the body dt 0

and the momentum delivered in 10 minutes are Erms I i

3. I rms  ; I rms  0 4&5. B  0
1) 2.2  N ; 7.2  kgms 1 XC 2 2 r
2) 3.5 N ;7.4 kgms 1 Erms i 1 C
6. irms  , Brms  0 rms 7. RI   0
3) 0.74 N ; 444  kgms 1 XC 2 r r  r C
4) 7.4  N ; 2.2  kgms 1 E0
8&9. B0 
11. Light with energy flux 18 wcm 2 is incident on C
a mirror of size 2cm  2cm normally. The force U IAt IA
10,11. Momentum P   ; Force F 
experienced by it and momentumdelivered in C C C
one minute are IA
1 12. Force F
1) 0.48  N ; 28.8  kgms C
2) 48  N ; 2.88  kgms 1 B0 E0 B02C
13. Poynting vector =  14. I 
3) 28.8  N ; 4.8  kgms 1 0 2 0

4) 0.24  N ; 28.8  kgms 1 LEVEL-III

12. Electromagnetic radiation with energy flux
50W cm 2 is incident on a totally absorbing 1.
surface normally for 1 hour. If the surface has
an area of 0.05m 2 , then the average force due
to the radiation pressure, on it is;
1) 8.3  10 7 N 2) 8.3  105 N
3) 1.2  107 N 4) 1.2  105 N
ENERGY DENSITY
13. In an electromagnetic wave in vacuum. The 2.
electrical and magnetic fields are 40  V / m
and 0.4 107 T . The Poynting vector
A parallel plate capacitor of plate seperation
2 mm is connected in an electric circuit having
source voltage 400V. If the plate area is
60 cm 2 , then the value of displacement current
for 106 sec. will be-
1. 1.062 amp. 2. 1.062 10 2 amp
3. 1.062 10 3 amp 4. 1.062 10 4 amp
A long straight wire of resistance R, radius ‘a’
and length ‘l’ carries a constant current ‘I’. The
poynting vector for the wire will be-

1) 4.4Wm 1 2) 0.44Wm 1 3) 5.65Wm 1 4) 4.0Wm 1 IR IR 2 I2 R I2 R

1. 2. 3. 4.
2πal al al 2 al
INTENSITY
3. To establish an instantaneous displacement
14. The amplitude of magnetic field at a region
current of 2A in the space between two parallel
carried by an electromagnetic wave is 0.1T .
plates of 1  F capacitor, the potential
The intensity of wave is
difference across the capacitor plates will have
1) 4 Wm2 2) 1.2Wm 2 3) 4Wm 2 4) 1.2  Wm 2 to be changed at the rate of
LEVEL-II (H.W) - KEY 1) 4  10 4 V / s 2) 4  106 V / s
1) 2 2) 4 3) 3 4) 2 5) 1 6) 2 7) 1 3) 2  10 4 V / s 4) 2  106 V / s
8) 2 9) 2 10) 3 11) 1 12) 2 13) 4 14) 2

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 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- VI

4. The sun delivers 103 W/m 2 of electromagnetic 10. A plane electromagnetic wave propagating in
flux to the earth’s surface. The total power that the x-direction has a wavelength of 60 mm.
is incident on a roof of dimensions The electric field is in the y-direction and its
8m  20m, will be - maximum magnitude is 33Vm -1 . The equation

1. 6.4 103 W 2. 3.4  10 4 W for the electric field as function of x and t is

3. 1.6  105 W 4. none of these 1. 11sin   t  x / c  2. 33sin   1010  t  x / c 
5. The sun delivers 103 W/m 2 of electromagnetic 3. 33sin   t  x / c  4. 11sin   1010  t  x / c 
flux to the earth’s surface. The total power that LEVEL-III - KEY
is incident on a roof of dimensions 1) 2 2) 4 3) 4 4) 3 5) 2 6) 4 7)1 8) 2 9) 3 10) 2
8m  20m is 1.6  105 W , the radiation force LEVEL-III - HINTS
on the roof will be -
 EA 0 A v
1. 3.33  105 N 2. 5.33  104 N 1. I D = ε 0 E = ε 0 =
t t t d
3. 7.33  103 N 4. 9.33  102 N
6. An electric field of 300V/m is confined to a 8.85 1012  400  60  104
ID =
circular area 10 cm in diameter. If the field is 2 103 106
increasing at the rate of 20V/m-s, the =1.062×10 -2 amp
magnitude of magnetic field at a point 15cm Hence the corrent answer will be (4).
from the centre of the circle will be- 2. If V is the potential difference across the wire, then
1. 1.85  10-15T 2. 1.85  10-16 T
V IR
3. 1.85  10-17 T 4. 1.85  10-18T E= = and magnetic field at the surface of wire
 
7. A lamp emits monochromatic green light
uniformly in all directions. The lamp is 3% µ 0I
B= . Hence poynting vector, directed radially
efficient in converting electrical power to 2πa
electromagnetic waves and consumes 100W EB IR µ I I2R
0
of power. The amplitude of the electric field inwards, is gives by S= μ = μ  2πa = 2πal
0 0
associated with the electromagnetic radiation
Hence the correct answer will be (4).
at a distance of 10m from tha lamp will be -
1. 1.34 V/m2. 2.68 V/m3. 5.36V/m 4.9.37 V/m d E d d V
ID =ε 0 =ε 0  EA  =ε 0 A  
8. A flood light is covered with a filter that 3. dt dt dt  d 
transmits red light. The electric field of the
emerging beam is represented by a sinusoidal ε 0 A dV dV
or I D = =C
plane wave d dt dt
E x = 36sin 1.20×10 7 z-3.6×1015 t  V/m dV I D 2
 = = -6 =2×106 V/s
The average intensity of the light will be- dt C 10
1. 0.86W/m 2 2. 1.72W/m 2 Hence the correct answer will be (4).
3. 3.44W/m 2 4. 6.88W/m 2 4. P = 103  160  1.6  105W
9. A plane electromagnetic wave of frequency 40
SA 1.6 105
MHz travels in free space in the X-direction. 5. F  PA   8
 5.33  104 N
At some point and at some instant, the electric c 3 10
 (or) F = total power / velocity of light
field E has its maximum value of 750 N/C in
Y-direction.The wavelength of the wave is- μ 0ε 0  πd 2  dE
1. 3.5 m 2. 5.5 m 3. 7.5 m 4. 9.5 m 6. B=  
2πR  4  dt

20 NARAYANAGROUP
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- VI ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
4. With reference to the problem 3.2 the average
2 107  8.85  1012  3.14  0.01 20
 energy density due to electric field is:
4  0.15
18 a) 22  109 Jm3 b) 15  10 9 Jm3
 1.85  10 T
c) 11  10 9 Jm3 d) 5  109 Jm3
P 1 P
7. Sav = = ε 0 cE02 E0  COMPREHENSION - II
4πR 2
2 2πR2ε0c
5. A circular parallel plate capacitor having plate
3 radius R is charged by means of a cell at time
  1.34V/m t = 0. The variation of the current
2  3.14 100  8.85 10 12  3  108
through the connecting wires with time is shown
c 0 E 02 3  10 8  8.85  10  12  36 2
8. I av    1.72W/m 2 in figure. Consider a plane circular area of
2 2
radius R/2 parallel to the plates and situated
C 3 108 symmetrically between them. The
9.    7.5m
f 4 107 displacement current through this area at
time t = 200  s is:
2 c 2  3  108
10.   2 v   3
 1010  rad/s
 60 10
i0

Conduction current i
 x
E y  E0 sin   t    33sin   1010  t  x / c 
 c

LEVEL - IV
0.368i0
COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS
COMPREHENSION-1
1. The figure shown the variation of electric field 100 Time(s)
E due to electromagnetic wave passing a point page 21, fig. 2
with time. Which part of the electromagnetic a) 0.135 i0 b) 0.092 i0
spectrum does it represent?
c) 0.068 i0 d) 0.034 i0

50 6. In the above problem no.3.6. assuming i0 =5A,

41.62

what will be the time rate of electric flux change

58.3
E(V/m)

Time
through the area at t  100s ?
16.65
8.32

66.6
33.3

50

(femto second)
25

a) 2.08  1011 N  m2 / C  s
–50
b) 4.16  1011 N  m2 / C  s
a)  -rays b) Visible light c) 6.24  1011 N  m2 / C  s
c) Infrared rays d) Radio waves.
d) 1.66  1012 N  m2 / C  s
2. In the above problem the rms value of the
corresponding magnetic field is: COMPREHENSION - III
a) 1.65  107 T b) 1.17  10 7 T 7. A charged circular plate capacitor is discharged
by connecting its two plates by a copper wire
c) 1.65  109 T d) 1.17  10 9 T at time t = 0. The displacement current
3. In the above problem the frequency with which through a plane surface parallel and midway
the energy density at that point oscillates is: between the two plates, with an area half
a) 33.3  10 15 s1 b) 66.6  10 15 s 1 that of either plate, is shown to vary with time
c) 3  10 13 s1 d) 6  1013 s 1 in the figure. The time constant of the circuit
is:

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 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- VI

LEVEL - V
Conduction current i i0
SINGLE ANSWER TYPE
1. A photon of light enters a block of glass after
travelling through vacuum. The energy of the
0.5i0 photon on entering the glass block
(A) increases because its associated wavelength
decreases
50 Time(s) (B) Decreases because the speed of the radiation
decreases
(C) Stays the same because the speed of the
a) 50s b) 100s c) 75s d) 144s
radiation and the associated wavelength do not
8. In the above problem no. (39) the conduction change
current at time t = 100  s is: (D) Stays the same because the frequency of the
a) 0.5i0 b) 0.37i0 c) 0.25i0 d) 0.125i0 radiation does not change
2. Radiation pressure on any surface :
LEVEL - IV - KEY (A) is dependent on wavelength of the light used
(B) is dependent on nature of surface and intensity
1) C 2) B 3) C 4) B 5) D 6) A 7) C 8) A of light used
LEVEL - IV - HINTS (C) is dependent on frequency and nature of
surface
1. From the graph, the time period is T  33.3  10 15 s . (D) depends on the nature of source from which
light is coming and on nature of surface on which it
c
   cT  (3  108 ms1 )(33.3  1015 s) is falling.

MULTIPLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
 1  10 5 m  0.01mm 3. A parallel beam of radiation of intensity 10W
2. From the graph, E0  50V /m and of area of cross section 1cm2 is falling on
a plane surface at an angle 600 with normal to
E0 B the surface. The surface is partially reflecting
B0  and Brms  0
c 2 with reflection coefficient 0.5 and absorbing the
remaining.Choose the correct option(s) of the
3. Since ua  E2 or B2 and E  sin(t  kx) following:
so, ua  sin2 (t  kx) A) Force on the surface normal to it is 2.5  10 12 N
Thus, the frequency is double that of the electric or 2.5
B) Force on the surface parallel to it is  1012 N
magnetic field. 3
5. The total displacement current initially = i0. 5
C) Net force on the surface  1012 N
The displacement current through the circular area 3
initially (being proportional to the fraction of area) D) Net force on the suface acts at an angle 300
i0 with normal to the suface

4 INTEGER TYPE QUESTIONS
The conduction current at time t  200s is 4. A parallel beam of monochromatic light of
wavelength 663nm is incident on a totally
obviously (0.368)2i0. reflecting plane mirror. The angle of incidence
8. Total displacement current (or the conduction is 60 and the number of photons striking the
current) at time t  100s is twice that of the current
mirror per second is 1.0  1019 . Calculate the
through the area (given in the graph). force exerted by light beam on the mirror
 Reqd. Current = 2[(0.5)2 i0 ]  0.5i0 .  in 10 8
N

22 NARAYANAGROUP
 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- VI ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

LEVEL - V- KEY MULTIPLE ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. D 2. B 3. ABCD 4.1 2. A sphere of radius R is exposed to a parallel
LEVEL - V- HINTS beam of radiation of intensity I as shown in
1. Frequency of light does not change with medium. figure.Choose the correct option(s) of the
following.
I 2
2. The radiation pressure = (1   ) Cos 
C
where  = coefficient of refection
3. Force on the surface normal to it is R
1
10 104  (1.5)
IA cos  2
Fn  (1  r )   2.5 1012 N
C 3 108
force on the surface parallel to it is
3
IAsin 10104   0.5 2.5 12
Ft  1 r  2  10 N (A) If the surface of the sphere is completely
C 3108 3 2I  R 2
reflecting, radiation force in the sphere is
c
Net
force on t he surface
(B) If surface of the sphere is completely absorbing,
2 2 5
F  Fn  Ft   1012 N I R2
3 radiation force on the sphere is
c
Ft (C) If surface of the sphere is completely reflecting,

Ft 1 I R2
Tan   radiation force on the sphere is
Fn 3 c
(D) If surface of the sphere is partially reflecting
   300 with reflection coefficient 0.3 and absorbtion
Fn F
coefficient 0.7, the radiation force in the sphere is
dp [mv cos   ( mv cos  )]dn 1.7I  R 2
4. F 
dt dt
c
dn
   dn  h  dn 
 2mv cos 60    mv       108 N
 dt   dt    dt  INTEGER TYPE QUESTIONS
3. A point source of radiation power P is placed
LEVEL - VI on the axis of an ideal plane mirror . The
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS distance between the source and the mirror is
1. The radiation force experienced by body n times the radius of the mirror . The force
exposed to radiation of intensity I, assuming
P
surface of body to be perfectly absorbing is:
that light exerts on the mirror is xc  n 2  y 
R 2 
(A) find x +y?
c
4. A point source of radiation of power P is placed
RH
I= Intensity (B) on the axis of completely absorbing disc. The
c
of radiation H distance between the source and the disc is 2
RH times the radius of the disc.The force that light
(C) 2 c
Px
exerts on the disc is . Then the value of x
40c
R  RH
(D) c is

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 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- VI

5. Assuming a particle to have the form of a 

sphere and to absorb all incident light,the radius 4 IR 2 2

  cos 3  ( sin  d )
(in mm) of a particle for which its gravitational c 0
attraction to the Sun is counter balanced by

0
the force that light exerts on it is x 101 .Find 4 IR2  cos4   2  IR2 I  R2
    cos 4    
x? The power of light radiated by the Sun c  4 0 c 2 c
equals P = 4 × 1026 W and the density of the When surface is co mplet ly absorbing
20 I (dA cos  )
particle is r = 1.0 g/cm3. Use G=  10 11 dF 
3 c
25 
Nm2/kg2,  = and mass of the Sun =2×1030 2
I 2 R sin  ( Rd ) cos 
8 Net force F   dF  
0 c
kg
 
LEVEL - VI - KEY 2 2 2 2
I R I R   cos 2 
1.D 2.B,C 3. 3 4. 2 5. 6 =
c  sin 2 d 
0 c  2  0
LEVEL - VI - HINTS
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS I R2 0 I R 2 I R 2
= 2c  cos 2 
  2 
I 2
2c c
1. F   effective area
c when surface is partially reflecting with reflection
MULTIPLE ANSWER QUESTIONS coefficient 0.3 and absorbtion coefficient 0.7 net
force on the sphere is
2.  
dA 2
2(0.3I )(dA cos  ) cos  2
(0.7 I )( dA cos  )
 F  cos   
 0
c 0
c
dFsin
dAcos d
r
dF I R2 I R 2 I R2
 0.3  0.7 
  dFcos c c c
  Note: In all the above cases radiation force =
dF r adiat io n pr essur e( due t o abso r bt io n)
dFsin × effective area perpendicular to the flow of
I 2
Consider a circular strip of radius R sin  and of energy =   R
c
width Rd .
Amount of energy falling on the strip per sec INTEGER QUESTIONS
 IdA cos  3. Consider a ring of radius x and of width d x.
Change in momentum due t o reflect ion Power indicent on the ring.
2I
dp  (dA cos  ) cos  Pxdx.nr
c P
dP= 4 (nr )2  x 2  2xdx.cos  =
Force on the strip 
2 (nr )2  x 2 
3/2

2I 2I
dF  dA cos 2    2 R sin   Rd  cos 2  No. of photons falling (per unit time) on the area =
c c
Net force on the sphere dP .  h
  momentum given by one photon = 2 cos  .
hC 
2
4 IR 2
2
F   dF cos    cos3  sin  d force on the ring d F (in the downward direction)
0 0 c

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 JEE-ADV PHYSICS- VOL- VI ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

d P .  2h 2d P cos now dA = dA cos  and dA = 2 xdx

= . cos  =
hC  C
 dA = ( 2 xdx ) cos 
r
P x dx n r
F=  2. . cos  A photon will exert force F as shown, only the
3/ 2 C
0

2 (n r )  x 2 2
 Fcos  component will remain and F sin will
Nh
r
cancel out as we integrate on the ring F = 
P n2 r 2 x dx
=  [as N photons strike per second and this leads to a
C 0 (n 2 r 2  x 2 )2 Nh
loss of momentum per second.]
2 2 1 P 
Pn r
= 2C . n 2 r 2 (n2  1) = 2C(n2  1)
as only Fcos component of force remains

P  dA 
 h
dF =  h  × cos 
  

 R R
 P  h
  nr F=  dF =  4(4R2  x 2 )  × (2dx cos ) ×  cos 

0 
0   hC 
 
  
P
[ r = 4R 2  x 2 ]. Solving we get F = 20c

SUN
r
5. R
r
Particle
A
4 . Number of photons striking per second N = h energy incident/sec on the particle
Area A here is the area perpendicular to the direction
of intensity or direction of energy flow. P
 R 2 PR 2
= =
4r 2 4r 2
Consider a ring of radius x and width dx on the
disc. Intensity I on the ring due to source is I =

P   dp
4r 2
. F due to striking of photon F1   Change in
dt
lin. mom. of 1 photon in collision × No. of photons
P
h PR 2 PR 2
striking per sec =  = 2
A C 4r 2  h
2R   =d 4r C
r co s
dA Gravitational force on the particle
   
x Fsin GM s m GM s 4
F2  2
 2  R 3 ; F1   F2
 dA r r 3
dx 
F
PR 2 GM s  4R 3 3P
Fcos  R=
4r 2C 3r 2
 4GM s C = 0.6

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