Univerza v Novi Gorici

Poslovno-tehniška fakulteta

ECOLOGICAL AND CONSUMER ADAPTATION

OF THE OBJECT

Seminar work

Predmet: Energetika in Okolje

Mentor: pridr. Prof. Dr. Gjerkeš Henrik
Asistent: mag.okol. Uroš Luin
Študent: Ajdin Mujezinović
Vpisna številka: 69201918

Nova Gorica, 24.05.2021

1
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................3
2. ENERGY PERFOMANCE CERTIFICATE.............................................................................4
3. COMPUTING PART............................................................................................................5
3.1.1 AVERAGE TEMPERATURE DEFICIT.....................................................................5
3.1.2. ANNUAL SURPLUS ENERGY INTENDED FOR HEAT CONVERTING.............6
3.1.3 ANNUAL USE OF PRIMARY ENERGY...................................................................8
3.1.4. CALCULATION OF ANNUAL CO2 EMISSION.....................................................8
3.1.5 ANNUAL ELECTRICITY..........................................................................................9
3.1.6. SHARE OF RES.........................................................................................................9
3.1.7 ENERGY EXCHANGER FOR SELECTED FACILITIES.......................................10
3.1.8 COSTS.......................................................................................................................11
4. COST FOR OPTIMAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM.............................................................12
4.1. CALCULATION OF THE BUILDING ADJUSTMENT OF THE OBJECT..................13
4.1.1. ANNUAL SURPLUS ENERGY INTENDED TO CONVERT THE HEAT
ENERGY............................................................................................................................13
4.1.2. ANNUAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY.........................................................................14
4.1.3 SHARE OF OVE.......................................................................................................14
4.1.4 CO2 EMISSIONS......................................................................................................15
4.1.5 COSTS.......................................................................................................................16
5. ECOLOGICAL OPTIMAL ADAPTATION..........................................................................17
5.1  COMPUTER PART.........................................................................................................17
5.1.1 ANNUAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY..........................................................................17
5.1.2. ANNUAL CO2 EMISSION.......................................................................................18
5.1.3. COST OF ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATION......................................................................19
6. CYCLE ENERGY MOVEMENT GRAPH............................................................................21
7. CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................22
LITERATURE:...........................................................................................................................23

2
 INTRODUCTION

In the seminar work, I will present a residential house in which my friend lives.
For the dwelling house, I will define all indicators of an energy certificate for 10 years
(2008-2018). These are:

- Yearly energy spent for conversion to heat energy

- Yearly use of electricity

- The annual use of primary energy

- Year CO2 emissions

- Calculation of the share of renewable energy

In the second part of the seminar, I will propose a cost-effective and ecologically
optimal adaptation for the selected object and, once again, present the indicators of the
energy certificate for the renewed system.

The described object represents a residential house in which my friend lives. The

house is large 185m2, of which 150m2 is a heating surface. The house was completed
and first moved in 2007. It is located in the Vipava valley. The Vipava valley is
characterized by a submediterranean climate with mild winters and hot summers.

The primary and only way of heating the house is a wood stove. The energy that
is absorbed is beech wood. The water heater is heated by the heater, which in the heating
season heats the wood stove, and electricity outside the heating season.

KEY WORDS: heating, energy, emissions, CO2, renewable energy, primary

energy, wood, electricity, energy certificate 

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 2. ENERGY PERFOMANCE CERTIFICATE

Energy card Building a document with information on energy efficiency building
s and recommendations for enlargement energy efficiency . The energy card must be
owned by the real estate owners who will sell or rent their real estate. An energy
certificate should also be obtained for all public buildings with an area greater than
250m2 and for all new buildings. An energy certificate can be obtained from independent
experts licensed by the Ministry. It is valid for 10 years from the date of acquisition.

Figure1: Example of an energy certificate

Figure 1 shows an example of an energy certificate. The energy certificate

contains data on Annual energy input for conversion to heat energy, annual use of
electricity, annual use of primary energy and annual CO2 emissions.
4
 3. COMPUTING PART
 

3.1.1 AVERAGE TEMPERATURE DEFICIT

The temperature defect is the product of heating time with the difference in
temperature between the interior of the building and the outside air. It shows us the sum
of the differences between the outside air temperature and the selected temperature in
the heating room. The interior temperature of the building is by agreement 20 °C. We
limit the duration to the number of days when the average air temperature is lower than
12 °C.

Year Temperature
deficite
2008 1850
2009 1900
2010 2234
2011 2440
2012 2290
2013 2382
2014 2365
2015 1731
2016 2052
2017 2251
2018 2329

Temperature deficite
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Figure 2: Calculation of the average temperature deficit for 2008-2018

5
 

Figure 2 shows the calculation of the average temperature deficit from 2008 to
2018. The data are taken from the website. I used the weather station Bilje, because it
has the most data for the past years and is close to the observed object. The average
temperature deficit for a period of 10 years is calculated by summing up the temperature
deficit of each year and dividing the sum by the number of years. 
The average temperature deficiency for the described object is 2382.4.

3.1.2. ANNUAL SURPLUS ENERGY INTENDED FOR HEAT CONVERTING

 

Annual energy input tells us how much energy needs to be brought into the
building each year to optimally heat it.

standardized energy consumption

Sum Tprim11 23824
Average Temperature deficit in last 10 years 2382,2
Temperature deficit for year 2018 2329 Kdni/leto
Quantity of consumable energy 15m3 / 10500 kg
Standardized energy consumption 2,398 kWh/m3

Table 3: Annual energy input for conversion to heat energy

standardized quantity of energy:

m=(Average Temperature deficit in last 10 years/Temperature deficit for year

2018*Energy

m= 15,34392 Kdni/leto

Quantity of annual energy input:

Qi = standardized quantity of energy*standardized quantity of energy

Qi = 36794,73 kWh

Qi/m2 = 245,2982 kWh/m2

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 The annual energy input for conversion to heat energy is obtained by multiplying
the amount of energy consumed by the lower calorific value of the selected element. The
calculated electricity is not taken into account.

Table 3 shows the calculation of annual energy input for conversion to heat
energy.

The data we need is a standardized quantity of energy and the lower calorific
value of the substance.

A standardized amount of energy is obtained by dividing the average temperature

deficiency of the last 10 years with the temperature deficit of the last year. The quotient
obtained is multiplied by the amount of energy consumed. 
The amount of annual energy input is the product of the standardized quantity of
fuel and the lower calorific value of the energy source. The described facility uses the
energy of a pollen of deciduous trees. It consumes about 15 cubic meters of beechwood
a year. According to the calculation, the quantity of annual energy delivered is 36794,73
kWh or 245,3 kWh / m2.

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3.1.3 ANNUAL USE OF PRIMARY ENERGY

Energent wood chips Electrical eenrgy

Conversion factor 0,1 2.5
Quantity of input energy 36794,73 kWh 5557kWh

Annual use of primary energy:

Qp= Quantity of input energy * Conversion factor

Qp= 17571,97 kWh

Qp/m2= 117,1465 kWh/m2

Annual use of primary energy is the sum of the products of the amount of energy
input and the conversion factor for all energy products that the facility uses. The
described object uses the energy source of energy and the field of deciduous trees.

Annual use of primary energy for the described facility is 17571.97 kWh or
117.15 kWh/m2.

3.1.4. CALCULATION OF ANNUAL CO2 EMISSION

 

The annual CO2 emissions show us how many kilograms of CO2 our energy is
emitted into the environment. The annual CO2 emissions are an indicator of
environmental pollution. Annual CO2 emissions are the sum of products of annual
primary energy consumption and specific CO2 emissions for the selected energy
source. The selected facility uses the energy source and the leaf of timber.

Energent wood chips Electrical energy

Quantity of input energy 36794,73 kWh 5557kWh
Specific C02 emision 0kg/kWh 0,52kg/kWh

Annual CO2 emission:

8
CO2 emission = Specific CO2 emision*Quantity of input energy

CO2 emission = 2945,21kg. = 19,5 kg/m2

Table 4: Annual CO2 emissions

Table 4 shows the calculation of annual CO2 emissions.

For the calculation we need the annual use of primary energy and the
specific CO2 emission for the selected energy source. The specific emissions of CO2
of leafy pollen amount to 0 , while for electricity it is 0.53 kg/kWh.

According to the calculation for the described object, the annual CO2 emissions
are 2945kg and 19.5kg / m2 per year.

3.1.5 ANNUAL ELECTRICITY
 

It is evident from the electricity bills that the described facility consumes 5557
kWh of electricity per year or 37.04 kWh/m2 of electricity.

3.1.6. SHARE OF RES
 

The share of RES represents how much% of the energy used is renewable.

Energent Pollen (wood) Electrical energy

Share of RES 100% 30%
Annuall use of energy 36794,73 kWh 5557kWh

RES= ((ALL RES ENERGY)/(ALL ENERGY))*100

RES= ((36794,73 + 1667) / (42351,73))*100

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RES=90.81

Table 6: Calculation of the share of RES

 
For the selected object, the share of renewable energy is 74.6 %. Pollen of
deciduous trees is a 100% renewable resource, and electricity is only 30%. We get the
result with the help of a cross account. The annual use of electricity is multiplied by the
share of RES, which is 30% (factor 0.3). Multiply the result by 100 and divide the
product with the total annual energy consumption. This, we reach the share of RES,
which is 74.6 % for our facility.

3.1.7 ENERGY EXCHANGER FOR SELECTED FACILITIES

Annual use of primary energy: 117,15kWh/m2

standardized quantity of energy products 15m2 of wood= 10500 kg
Quantity of input energy 74,60%
C02 Emissions 2945,21 kg
Area of heated space 150m2
Annual use of electrical energy 37,04 kWh/m2
Share OVE 74,60%

Table 7: energy card information

From the table it is possible to identify all the necessary elements of the energy
certificate, calculated for the selected residential house. 
 

3.1.8 COSTS 
 
Costs represent the sum of money to be deducted annually for the consumed
quantity of energy products.

Energent Pollen (wood) Electrical energy

Used quantity of energent 15 m3 5557 kWh
10
 price 50e/m3 0,065/kWh

Cost= Used quantity of energent * price

Cost= 1111e yearly = 7,4e/m2 yearly

Table 8: costs of energy products

The cost of the described object is 1111 € per year or 7.4 €/m2 . Energy
consumed is electricity and pollen of deciduous trees. Costs are calculated by
multiplying the quantity of individual energy by the price and adding up.

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 4. COST FOR OPTIMAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
 

For the described system, from the cost point of view, it would replace the
energy-bearing wood of wood beech wood for wood chips G30. This could keep the
current heating system (heating furnace) and replace only the energy source. I think that
both the short-term and the long-term replacement of the energy source, and not the
entire system, is the most cost-effective solution.

Energent Wood Chips Chopped wood g30

Quantity of input annual 36794,7 kWh 2398 kWh/m3
energy

Calculation of quantity of annual energy for chopped wood g30:

Quantity of input annual energy for wood/ lower calorific value

Standardized quantity for chopped wood g30: 7021 kg

Calculation of quantity of annual energy for pollen wood:

Standardized quantity for chopped wood g30/ TP factor for last 10 years

Quantity for G30: 6864 kg

The first step in the renovation to be done is to calculate the required amount of
energy. We do this by dividing the amount of annual energy input from the current
energy source with the lower calorific value of the new energy source. This gives us a
standardized amount of the new energy source needed to heat the selected object. The
necessary actual amount of new energy source is obtained by dividing the standardized
quantity of the new energy product (G30 in our case) with the average TP factor for the
last 10 years. In our case, the standard quantity of wood chips G30 is 7021kg, and the
actual amount of wiid chips G30 is 6864 kg.

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4.1. CALCULATION OF THE BUILDING ADJUSTMENT OF THE OBJECT 
4.1.1. ANNUAL SURPLUS ENERGY INTENDED TO CONVERT THE HEAT
ENERGY

The annual energy input for conversion to heat energy after cost

optimization remains the same, only the energy is changed.

Standardised consumption of energy

products
Sum of Tdeff11 23842
Average Tdeff in last 10 years 2382,4 KDAN
Tdeff for 2018 2329
Quantity of used energy products 6864 kg
lower calorific value 5,24 k<wh/kg

Quantity of annual input energy

Qi=Standardised consumption of energy product* lower calorific value

Qi= 36794,7 kWh

Qi/m2= 245,298kWh/m2

The standard quantity of energy of wood chips G30 is 7021,38kg, and the
required amount of energy is 6864kg.

The amount of annual energy delivered after cost optimization remains the same

and amounts to 36794.7 kWh or 245.3 kWh/m2.

4.1.2. ANNUAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY

 

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 The annual use of primary energy remains the same for cost optimization , since
wood chips G30 have the same conversion factor as beech wood.

Energent Pollen (wood) Chopped wood g30

Conversion factor 2,5 0,1
Quantity of input energy 36794,7 kWh 5557 kWh

Quantity of input primary annual energy

Qp= Quantity of input energy *Conversion factor

Qp= 17571,973 kWh = 117,1464876 kWh/m2

Table 10: Annual use of primary energy after adaptation

The annual use of primary energy with the energy of electricity and wood chips
for the described facility is 17571.9 kWh or 117.15 kWh / m2. The result is obtained by
multiplying the amount of energy input by the conversion factor for both energy
products and the product is summed up.

4.1.3 SHARE OF OVE
The share of RES remains the same after cost optimization, since the energy of the wood
chips G30 and beech pollen is equal to the same share of RES, 100%.

Energy products Pollen (wood) Chopped wood g30

Share OVE 30% 100%
Annual energy consumption 5557 kWh 36794,7 kWh

RES= ((ALL RES ENERGY)/(ALL ENERGY))*100

RES= ((36794,73 + 1667) / (42351,73))*100

RES=90.81

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Table 11: share of RES after adaptation

4.1.4 CO2 EMISSIONS 
 
Also, CO2 emissions remain the same after renovation, as the energy of the wood
chips G30 and beech pollen has the same specific CO2 emission, 0kg/kWh.

Energy source Chopped wood Electrical energy

G30
Annual primary energy 36794 kWh 5557kWh
consumption
Specific CO2 emissions 0kg/kWh 0,53 kg/kWh

Calculation of annual emissions of CO2:

Emissions of CO2= Specific CO2 emissions * Annual primary energy consumption

Emissions of CO2= 2945,21 = 19,5 kg/m2

Table 12: annual CO2 emissions after adaptation 

4.1.5 COSTS
Cost optimization of the system reduces costs .

Energy source Chopped wood G30 Electrical energy

Energy product consumption 6864 kg 5557kWh
Price 75Euro/t 0,065Euro/kWh

Costs= Energy product consumption * Price

15
Costs before adaptation: 1111 Euro per year, 7,4 Euro/m2 per year

Costs after adaptation: 876 Euro per year, 5,84 Euro/m2 per year

Savings: 235 Euro per year

Table 13: Cost difference after adaptation

Costs are reduced by €235 per year. Prior to optimization, the costs amounted
to 1111€ per year or 7.4 €/m2 per year , and after optimization 876 € per year or
5.84€/m2 . Optimization does not require any additional costs, as the facility already
contains a furnace.

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 5. ECOLOGICAL OPTIMAL ADAPTATION
 

The aim of ecologically optimal adaptation is to reduce CO2 emissions into the
environment. For the selected object, I would suggest the adaptation of the heating of
water to the solar system. In this way, the amount of electricity consumed and,
consequently, CO2 emissions will be reduced.

The solar system uses solar energy as a renewable source of clean energy. Using
solar energy for DHW heating, we can reduce the consumption of other energy sources
and also reduce environmental pollution. We know several different solar systems, I will
choose to adapt to a smart solar collector. It is intended for the use of solar thermal
energy for DHW heating and for the support of heating the buildings. Water does not
run out of the heat pipe in the mask of the solar collector, but a special working fluid that
changes the physical state. This avoids any possible freezing of the liquid in the collector
pipes. 
In principle, the solar system reduces thermal energy costs by 15% and CO2
emissions so for 15%. Given across weaves I will also be used in further calculations h.

5.1  COMPUTER PART 

5.1.1 ANNUAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY

The annual consumption of primary energy to the organic adaptation of the solar
system is reduced by 15%, because the vacuum solar panel heats the water with solar
energy. As a result, there is a lower consumption of electricity for heating water.

Energy source Chopped wood G30 Electrical energy

Conversion factor 0,1 2,5
Quantity of input energy 36794,73 kWh 5557 kWh

Annual use of primary energy after adaptation:

17
Qp=(Quantity of input energy * Conversion factor)*0,85

Qp=14936,17 kWh

Qp/m2= 99,6 kWh/m2

Table 14: annual use of primary energy after adaptation

After ecological adaptation to the solar system, the annual use of primary energy
is reduced from 117.2 kWh / m2 to 99.57 kWh / m2. The result obtained by dividing the
annual primary energy use before conversion multiplied by a factor of 0.85, as with the
help of Vak in mental solar collector heat water and does not consume electricity and
saves 15% of electricity annually.

5.1.2. ANNUAL CO2 EMISSION

After ecologically optimal adaptation, CO2 emissions are reduced. The Solar

System uses a solar vacuum solar collector to heat the sanitary water and thus consume
15% less electricity, consequently, CO2 emissions are also 15% lower.

Energy source Chopped wood Electrical energy Vacuum

G30 collector
Annual primary energy 36794 kWh 5557kWh 85% of electrical
consumption energy
Specific CO2 emissions 0kg/kWh 0,53 kg/kWh

Calculation of annual emissions of CO2 after adaptation:

Emissions of CO2= Specific CO2 emissions * Annual primary energy consumption

Emissions of CO2= 2503kg = 16,5 kg/m2

Table 15: Annual CO2 emissions after adaptation.

18
 The annual CO2 emissions are 15% lower after the adaptation. The result is
achieved by multiplying the annual CO2 emission before adaptation by a factor of 0.85.

5.1.3. COST OF ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATION 

By renewing the DHW system, two solar collectors would be needed. 
The five-member household is sufficient 300l water heater that warmed him
vaku in mski solar collector. The price of one vacuum solar collector is € 330. For a
regular maintenance of the water heater, a 300l heater would need 2 vacuum solar
collectors

Cost 

Energy source Pollen (wood) Electrical energy Vakuum

collector
3
Energy product 15 m 5557kWh 85% of
consumption electrical
energy
3
Price 50e/m 0,065Euro/kWh

Costs= Energy product consumption * Price

Costs before adaptation: 1111 Euro Cost of investition: 660 Euro

Costs after adaptation: 1057 Euro per year

Savings: 54 Euro per year

Table 16: costs after adaptation

The vacuum collector would save about € 54 annually for electricity. We also

have to take into account fluctuations in the price of electricity. The total amount of the
investment would be 660 €, we would need 2 vacuum collectors, the price of each
amount is 330 €.

19
The investment would be back to us in just over 12 years.

20
 6. CYCLE ENERGY MOVEMENT GRAPH
60

50

40

30

20

10

0
jan-mar apr-jun jul-sep okt-dec
 

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
jan-mar apr-jun jul-sep okt-dec

Figure 17: graph of the movement of energy prices

Figure 17 shows the graph of the price movement of energy products in 2017.
The blue line on the graph represents the price of electricity, the orange price of
beechwood and the gray price of G30 chips. All prices are presented in € / MWh.

21
 7. CONCLUSION
The ecological footprint is the world's most famous and most successful indicator
for mediating a concept environmental sustainability and physical limitations of planet
Earth.
By calculating the available biological capacities on Earth, it is possible to make
an ecological footprint, direct comparison of environmental exploitation with long-term
available capacities ecosystem. Through that, the ecological footprint can show whether
the current level of consumption below or above the long-term tolerable level.
The calculation of capacity allows to define a specific goal for the reduction of
human resource consumption and how many more planets are needed for all people on
Earth to have a similar level of consumption activities. This enables the necessary
necessary transformation of human production and activities in the form of resource-
efficient, to people living in countries in development increased their quality of life
without exceeding the limits of natural capacity.
In June 2016, data on a visible reduction in the ozone hole came out. In the end
yet it comes to the positive conclusion that human consciousness is set in motion for the
good of ours the future and the future of our descendants.

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 LITERATURE:

https://siol.net/posel-danes/novice/energetska-izkaznica-za-telebane-176459

http://www.ika.si/ogrevalna-tehnika/solarni-kolektorji/vakuumski-solarni-kolektorji-
seneron

http://meteo.arso.gov.si/uploads/probase/www/climate/table/sl/by_variable/cooling-
heating-degree-days.txt

http://www.izs.si/fileadmin/dokumenti/mss/Clanek-energijska-izkaznica-www.pdf

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