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) Jp ûj J jS 6 J li ÛJ jJjJ 6 Jj 6 J jj ÔdJJui O ^jljuiL
<-llj<J tj[£j_jjlj <£jJ jjjijjj <j j (
4^j 1 4lSj t <^4j 1 4^
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t Morpheme &/** -u y
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^
(Forni) iq 6 jj— ij ^Lûlj <_j <-^ 6jlj<-ij6j (Morphc)
< [61] J [j^] ^ 6J : j-J [ ] (j\ aj A <£ t(V*) cLom 6j6 J
j$^<Imij<^ jj*û<A ûjy ^<j Îk_><j 4 6 j<»1£ OLa lj <L. L6 j<j-u <J fl
J A
j (feöJ-0 Lr±t
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ur^ 6 iA>^ ,J-H
c^^je^j'j?-
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•
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<_£6j<-i (^LjIj <_j jj'i i*i 6j6 J <-S<jLj (jjO ^lS<_Aji^jdû JJ^<4 ^LIj j<-loIJ<J
: cjuj^jLa6 j J<a 6 j<jL<Jlj ^<J jLl! L. jj<^. c^jljLa. jLjjx<A J<^<1
^jj_$6J <j<oîjj^ ^LIj ojjjuV jL (jj5L jLj ^lVûjj^ jj dLbCLJ-flj-û j<S<1 N
<-l jjljL^. (IjdjLi) J<S<J c ÎjöjLiO - jL ^lj^jLi - ^lj^jLi • <ijjal* jj
. IjLIj
(jç<_ ^jL jj ûuj^L Oj <^ îijjj <-»lj

j 1 > u Trager j<Îjî j Bloch ^jijL Y
L-j'j
tro 4^ J lSJ*£*J b<J jjjjjj Si (SJî ^J^ J 4 ^ ( r ') jj^JJ
<-» J IgjSlj (jjjSjjft j [(3 <U-l>6j] j<5<j Jj JyiJ CiuujjJ
f;J-*_>j-6
(j-jJjS Cjj<_S j 6j<jjjîuu^ • ( rT ) (•••(j<-uu - 6j) tg J-> U 6 J (_5 <-Slûlj
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4 j L
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j <J<^ (L») (j\A.L
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: <^ <j6 j<j juiL (2>1 >*<a
fîkjj-* (^) <jL* 0 L^<j) J û^J^JJ^J

c
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Lr
:u-4.*#L ^>Ji jjlûlj jj-û<—a j (phoneme) ^j-i <J <— • <_j<a ^jjL*
fJjj-û ^j-jJjS c^jLjJ j »j<. li ..*.*#L j ûj<jjjS Lo^ . 6 j<-Ijjö Lua* (^jJjiji
C(VO) Ci-JJ6
J lj-a> <^0jrO CiijSjjjS ^ <j IjjL jjj <J j <oj (jljS
: «Jaj ^<j<1u#j <J <jjjAj jj
• (jljJ<u# jj (jA-^.6 J ^L^J -
:6j<jj<^J La. jSS<J <1 ^jij-0 1 (joljJ6J (^jluuL <J
(jljJ<u# - jj-(jf-g-6J- (^L^J
*
V V
cPhonological Structure <-j<a jL^jljjji ^SoOl^lj <S jO

: (^lflij <1 (jiujO (J<^6 JJjLj ^JJ^jû J 1-ijjjO (jljjj c£ji6jJ<J J<#l£jj ji<6* <J
l^j6 J : jJ
6J V—fijj-û <J<J J<J-dIj<J ^jijjA jJ<J \
jjj ^V<-j c<_ji^jjft j)<_j jjj : jJöj d luijjj ji<-^ j<-juûIj<j ^J^j—& jJ<—# Y
6
T<V
<J jj<a <l£ V ^LjIj (jjj-J- )^ <_£LIj c<ijj^»

^ ( )
<JloaijjjA j<j c(Portmanteau) ^-njijj^ ûujîj 6J oLijj-o
((j) (3 A \
6^)j-û
I ûJ 6j C <^<4 jL^.jJjijj-û <J jjLj <£ 6j<jjj^6J
• Cj 1^6 Jjl£ fljj-û j^LU ûJ 6 J
(Ctfjf* ) ^jL- ^<jLi-JJ J6j “ 1
(cjU^) (S (6) J^ 1
cSjLI^ J *j
* (f”V) ojj^- (jlj<i •

Cyj&Ljj ^<jLijj J 6j ~£
Jîjijjx Uj<a- <£ (<^6 ) ^j-a. j ijj-Q J 6j Jjuuijjja Jj<j*. j<jjûIj<j ^kjijj-û J<j V
( JU <£j C <1 <j C J C J6 ) <j<4
Zero ji_tu ^ aj lj<-^ o alh^j <-ijj* <^jLj <J

f^jj* t£*jLj j<S - j» 6 j ci — mjjj Morphime
upijj-* G 4- ) 1
u" 4-^ Gj" 4-^
+ + ^6j )
( +ûj+j<£) 6jjjLgSLj
lj<-i JJJjjLjj jlS<_Ajijjj> <£6jLûj <J jl£<_î^j-û (£6 jL*j J<-S<J t4

-f^
: Jöj iJjjSjL jj-û<-a ûJ

j 6jljli <ijj Emputy morpheme JL<j ^^jj*
.
(olS) o + (
v
JL<j î^jjL 0 j^jL :
) uLj + (^6j) jj )
= CmÎuJj
t Allomorphs AjpjJAj -j
V
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1
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d 4$ ii j 4& 4S4J
: <Sa+ c5L>^
<iljl5 : <^6 + , --»15

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jj tli^j jû û ! jl + tlll + ÇuiijjU
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:
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tr*U3-b
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: J*jc(^c^j)
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j<S+ <J ) ^jiljSLil
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i iy u>
t\
o'
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jLuuiJaU
J<£jj£- V
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: tfjKj* -r
: iJ*J ( j[£ji
) u./ij«jJP> Jftj ‘(t') j]<LA 6_)lj j<J LgJ^- <£<jij
foi
jii ji 'jji
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JLSJ^ (SJ^J ^ ^ 4-* (JLH (£6jl»i
: d*j (it) j 6j<jJjl3L^J <£ (ja) (^jlj <J j
j Jd djû & P
j u
tr
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T
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l y>jl jfj o1<a. l-n.,y, j£lS
{ ^jV j ^öjAm -i
J)Lj '~L\% fc ‘LW»ji L=W <-j<& ^4j<jj 4$ ö j<GjjSö J <jL-jijjj> J<J
• (jrt£öj<JLU ÂJbft^jû JJ-0<A 4 JJJ ^<J uUi tl)<a<iij J)L CUJ
<-S jlS<Jujjj <-£j6 J JJ<_S<J 6j<_JJjSd J J)ll_uy6j J 3-14 J 6jIjIj
- <U-ij J)Ljlji-uJjJ Û<JJJ
* jiui Âjijj^û “t
6J<-JJ$J<J ^LjIj ^LSjj <J 6jIjJV j <jjj J)LjSj6 J ^jjj ^<j<jjj

^jijjj—6 <-J ^'Î<-J C <_jl Jjj ^jjj_ii 6 Jj<_^j<6 jL£ <_JJJJJ j_> • (It) CmjSöjJaj
j-j (5 >Lk ^jAjîjjj-ja <-jjj <-j<-A J)j<-^6J Gi H><L6 6 j<Sjû<5l. ÎSjj <1 CjjjUjjjjL
^<5 + jjJjjIj + <-Söj *

<J 6jjjI jSjj : ûlu)j^ : lJ^j- Jt^jjö jIj
0 +C + :
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ii
: (ÂjljLi ^ Aj jjL
fl
<-J jLj ijjjj jK o jjLjJa. (_£

Lllj 0 <«S 6j<LLj^ö j oLljft j <-oÂjjjö j<i
< Al j-O J (jl£j^<JJ< < A lijj jj 6J öjljLj < —J<JjjjLa 6J<—jJjSjjij (^L-Sjj
• <j<-4 (jLjjj£j£ ^06 jji o 4^ (jl£ö Jj<j
:
0 JJ^j±J ^6jljLi (jAjijjo —
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. (jLji> Lfi
jLilAjlS^J j
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: JjJ j sl> ISkö J J <5k öjljijjLj (jjjj<j J (jjjj j^<J<iif ^L<jj j<j-ii<J
: Free Morpheme jljL Â^j*

Sequential Morpheme j< j ,n<jl c ji<jj< (âji^j
(jL£<j<_ii»j j jjia><JftJ LjIj LG <_j <j£ (j<jL_iijjo ^<j til»jjjj£û jJL
(j\jL (j\jljj6 j <jjj <SLjj Root ^6J <1 jiLj ^jj^jjo 6 jj-lL ^<j ccLiJL 6 jjj
j<jjA : Joj Root Morphemes
: Bound Morpheme jj<-» ^Âîjjo —
6J6J-J (5<-ij <-J J urO j^<7» <jUji^jL f**>*.>*•
10
• <iij) jjo : jj<6
(^jLöjjj) Jj4j : 4^6
jjo : (jli
jljlî : o
jljli : <&,
jj<j ; 6j6
jj<j :
^
Jlji: : jj
(t*\) jljll : 6jlS
s iib JjjU -J
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jj^ JJ j j* cujiii<jlj cjojIjö j (jÎ*Ij<j Ij <j?Lj jjjU
:Formant c»Ujji —
. 6jl jLjIj L$j<j <J J 6j<JJj^6J (jI£j^<jj<ljj < jijj.û
: Morpheme ^jju "Y
J <JJJ (î^<JJ<-^-u ^LjIj J 0<-jL L^J<-J<J <£ 4 ö J<_JJJ^ 6 J jlfU jj<J <AjJjJU
: <jjj 6J <S (jj^6 Jj6j jJ^jljJa.
: Affix 6 jLJ “
6 $6 <-i <S c 6J<-JJJ^6 J 6J6 jlj-A. <£<iU<J < AjftjJU (^6 jj »ti a<j
* "» ^ 1 6J
: Prefix jS-iia ~
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: ol^-6 j jl£ ,jS6 j Infix jSjt, —

j ^gVI
tl
<J jj-I^J J-J ><i j . <juj I

Jj I Jöj <u<A <j!j (jljljOLaj <J JjJj<A
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*
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j<xujjj : Jaj cVft U J 6j<oij ^ljjS <j
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J Lj6j< III jjL_J Cfc jU^J < M.J ^LûjS J La6j< ni <_j <_S (jjJ 6 J-JJ (£j£<—JJJ^
: jJ 6j <uij (£ 6 j 6 j j
(
ol )
+ oL + ( v) : <aL^ -
Pronominal Morpheme : jUj ^îjjn» —

• 6 J 6j<iij ^yjLj^ C6 J<_ljjj^6J h<£ 6jl£J <A tftjja
:Zero Morpheme • ji*^ ôjajjo —

•(IV) (jOj-ujjj J (JrijSLjS <£aJ^> c jj<£Lj6 J <S 6J<JJJ$6 J <jLxuijjjû J<J
[0] + w + [u] : 6jLuu IjjLû ju<£ ^jojjjjx <5 ccjLa : <i)6j
(j*i<S + CjIS + uSöj :
: uyJjU “4
6 <_jlj c cj^ju jj IS <_j

^
>
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o-JûjLo ^_uj_* c o L£ 6 Jjjj (^LIj ^jjii<J j jjjS-ii<jlj c 6jl jLjIj jAjji
j C6j<-JJjS6J L-jIj
j jkjj-i j-j (ÛaLaIj <j C.(iA) 6j<JJj£6J j)jj6jL» j jLuajj
: (_ji<j jjj CI!j 6J
:
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< J-"W 6 J
*î J (J S 6 jJ <A <$<_iijj ^^5*6 j<—uu ^LjLo <i <J<iijJ (£<£ju <jjjSSjJ=kJ
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J T
tv &±J9* %y^j ^Y^jy*
C ^l
((J y) <J <-JJJMJ j-J . J-ÛA J jLSJftjli j jLjJöjU j jIS J jlj j
• 6jjjjÖ<LA (J4&<Aj ^öjCuu ^LL j >j£jjAj C (tiÛ^.) ^ûj

:
l r*^£j
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J lJöJ^ J j< hiL J j< iu • 1

‘jJöJ (j<^6 JjjLj j^<j tfLlj jL<-ûl jj<J J jIjjjjlul
<j l£ <Lû^jj-ûji^J-Û ^jjLSöjlj-ûli jJ<-ûijjj

<-i J tjJ^jSLj <-S c J-lA J <ll -Llilt
j
Function <>£j<_i oUîjjL *.<J» >iIL >:lj^6j .(£<> jjjS^j Llj jLijiliJ
. ^04^6 j j Morphime
t jjUldSAoljiAJ aj fttijjj ~J
gjj^ Xf J ÛJJt.3i> (jl^<JjjLu4aij 4$4j

(^^
tSequential Morpheme (jl£4£4jljj4j J4j 4$4j -\
j Jjjj4-j <J (jJ>J Ij4 $4jjCj>J 4*ljÇ\ . t^ljJ4j <S J 4jLajJi^j» j4j
•
( j^
1
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tNon Sequential Morpheme (jlS^S^Jjj 4J li 4^4j —

(jjl£J4j (jjjjj4j j (jj tjj <J (jjl^4 4jL^jj 4^ öj4jjj^ 6 J 4jl njtjj-0 J<->
• 6 j4^<j<>
t trSjAJ -A
Y
(^jLui<-iij ^Sj'L-J <Ljjl* j-u C6J<ÛJJ<6 J fuijj-û <J jljrv<j6j l^LIj
dj-uLû <juû LiLii><j ctlS j (j<fL j jL jj 6jLIj c>ujjû j jlû ujj6 J (jL) <£ ^LLjijj-a J<J ^Lu<-»i»j ^jL
(tjOlj) L?L3lj j_J 6 jLaIj (LjIj )
(^<-*ij <-JJJOJ j-j . J-lA.... 6 J<-S<j<j J<^6j
6 i L <
yiojj
tA
ol$6 J jl Jjjj J ol£ j^J 6jLûli (Î*lj6 j) (_£<Uij ^.V<j (<jjj I Joj j C>1^6 J
: <*<* L Jju JJ J I JjLûj< fîyj-û .jjjUIj j LiuujJ

1
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f
:
uiOiy LT^J^ -v
• (® *) <jl> l£ 6 j j ^j j l^
L ^ ^Jj£j<LlaIj4<LA <J 6jOjj^ 6 J ^kjijjo ^jJjSjjLj j 0 j^>
^LLjLj ^l^c-Jtij jj4<t—A Ij ^ZjiS <ijj-ak i6j<-jjj£L oLîjjU ^<-î c^ Jjj
* 6J<oLjj1^6j1j-ûL <J j)<-6 IjSj <Aj
(j LCLii j <jû
• QjiuM^jl (jL <jjSjO (£<^<jLijj i_i
: Distribuation
^
oLSa jjl^ Substituation - y j *j" '•.uj^ <^«—Sjj^ j<—“<-*
6 jOjjS1j jj* jj<5 ^So^Sjjj <d

Lf
S<u<S<j (jijîi (jiLj
Ll J ) c*^jJ-“ <-* ( J ) (S e‘J*-îj£ ‘^JJ^ (f^J»

(f) <-? ( Ji Si (f^J*)
• (jjOJjji (^k) J (j) <S CiJJ<J<^6 J 6J<J (ju<4<J (J4 ) ^Jûji^jjû r V> u-i
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l^) j ((Jj^) <_S ûjîO^tJ 6 j<_j (jîi<-D<j
(51) jj1£<ii<J ^jjjj^jlinJ) »m» J Jp ûiljt J
t IJLJJj4£ ^ “*
jLuujji (jljfJ <1 (^LöJ
6j<-^0 j j «
^JJ-> 4
JJ (J Lûu L ^l$4\ Jy<A. 6j<—J J * j °Jjf "
Jl—aj
f
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yjl-tj <J t M Cjj<At J jlStjljt.iilJ^ <_»<jlj jjj^jljJ J Ju<jlj
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Jj ^j» j JoIj IjjJjjS
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J la J 6j<lii ^_iiiL J (jhj <-* <-S 6 <_IjjS 6 J Ol jLj <jûjji j<j JJjû<4
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J jS j jjjlÔlj j JjjLuIj Jöj <j<4 JL1*LJjj ^J<J JISOojLJjj

: <$6jrjS
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f
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6j Ojjj<^jjj J <o-ûLjjj ^SlSö (<S ö) jûjjö j (

<Sö + (jL + îJjS ) •
j<_lxi Oja 6 J ( jjjj Cjj) Ojjyftj jj C <o<£ (jLöjjjL <jl^6 ji 6jjax ^ <J .
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^jl£<L^6jrc£ C
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J j^ 111 L j<j jjMAJk
j^LjlA jlj<^jjjj j &jjLj ;J<£<J jLûotluiL j cyj£* J JJhj J oîylj
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: J&j &j<-cu<J
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• (jJjVl ^JJjJÎ J JfcilJJ Ç*5Li]l j!j t<iiJI ^Jx (Jl JijA (Y***) (JjSfcJI (_jJx Jûau ™\ *
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Ramzi Munir. (1990) Dictionary of Linguistic Terms.
1- Ba'albaki,
English-Arabic Beirut: Dar El-llmLilmalyin.

2- Bloomfield, L. (1933),Language Holt, Rinehart&Winston. New York.
3- Cooper. D. (1973) “Philosophy & the nature of language, Longman.
4- Crane, L.b Yeager,E,Whitman,R.L(1981) An introduction TO
linguistics. Little Brown & Company.Canda.
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Great Britain.
6-Dowty, David. (1972).Studies in the Logic of Verb Aspect and Time
Reference in English.(Ph.D. Thesis), The University of Texas at Austin
7- Fattah,M,M.(1980) On The Stress System of kurdish, Zanko.The
Scientifîc Jorurnal of Sulaimaniyah University.Vol:6,No,2,Sep.
1ot
\tt
8- Greenberg Joseph, H (1961) Essays in Linguistics. The university of

Chicago press. London.
9- Langacher,R.W (1973) Language&its structure.Harcourt Brace
Jovanovich inc.U.S.A.
Linguistics,Georgetown University. Washington D.C
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11- Lyons, J. (1977) "Sementics" Cambridge University Press,London&

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2nd.endn Longman, London(Ist edn 1964)
14- Walter Cook ( 1981) An Introduction to Generative Semantics,
(Unpublished classroom Lectures), Department of
«* V » M» . I
t UdUjAUAJ -A
http://www.aklaam.net/newaqlam/index.Dhp7option =com
:
—V
http ://www.ta-u .com/vb/archive/i ndex.php/t-2 1 83 03 .html
y--\/i/tv <jlL1 lujwLJl -Vi^ *n jljî Ûia.1 ™T

www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/sawalha/sawalha09alecso.ppt
http://www.onefid.edu.duz :L*.j]jij>* —
Lexical Morphology —
http://ifla.uni-stuttgart.de/institut/mitarbeiter/iilka/teaching
Morphological and Lexical Contrastive Analysis of Turkish and —

English
https://globalioumals.org/GJHSS Volumel2/4-Morphological-
and-Lexical-Contrastive.pdf

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