DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING: BEng Tech

i i i i i

PROJECT MANAGEMENT 101

i i

WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROJECT PLAN

i i i

NAME MIKHO

SURNAME CINGO

REGISTRATION NO.
i 21914487

LECTURER Dr M. CHETTY
i i

DUE DATE
i 28TH MAY 2021
i i

Page | 1
 SUMMARY

This idocument iis ibased ion ithe iproject iplan iof ia iwastewater itreatment iplant ithat iengineering
istudents ihave ibeen itasked ito ido iin iconstructing iand icommissioning ito imeet imunicipal ieffluent

istandards. iThis iwater itreatment imust iservice ithe ineeds iof ia ibrewery, ipaper imill iand irefinery. iIt

ihas ibeen igiven ithat ithe iplant imust icater ifor i100000 ilitres iof ieffluent iwhich iwill ienter iit iper

iweek. iIn ithis iproject iyou imust ishowcase ibasic iprinciples iof iproject imanagement iand imake iuse

iof iMS iProject. iA itechnical ireport ion ithe iprocess iof iwastewater itreatment ihas ibeen idetailed iin

ithis ireport.MS iProject iwill ibe iused ito ishow ithe iduration iand idifferent istages ifrom iplanning ito

ithe icompletion iof ithis iproject. iCost ihave ialso ibeen ioutlined iin iMS iProject.

Page | 2
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
i i

PAGE iNO.

SUMMARY 2

DECLARATION 4

INTRODUCTION 5

THEORY AND DISCUSSION

i i 6-8

CONCLUSION 9

RECOMMENDATIONS 9

REFERENCES 10

APPENDICES 11-12

Page | 3
 DECLARATION

I, ithe iundersigned iMikho iCingo iwith iregistration ino. i21914487 ideclare ithat ithe icontents iof ithis
idocument isubmitted iby ime ito iDr iM. iChetty iin ithe iDepartment iof iChemical iEngineering iat ithe

iDurban iUniversity iof iTechnology iin ipartial ifulfilment iof ithe irequirements ifor iProject

iManagement i101 iwas icarried iout iby ime iunder ithe iguidance iof iDr iM. iChetty. iI ifurther ideclare

ithat ithe iwork ireported iin ithis iassignment ihas inot ibeen isubmitted iand iwill inot ibe isubmitted ito

iany iother iinstitution, ieither iin ifull ior ipart, ifor ithe iaward iof iany iother iqualification. iInformation

ifrom iother isources ihas ibeen igiven icredit ifor iin ithe ireference ilist.

X
Mikho Cingo
Author

Page | 4
 INTRODUCTION

This iproject iis iabout iproposing ia iwastewater itreatment iplant ithat iwill iservice ithe ineeds iof ia
irefinery, ibrewery iand ipaper imill. iThe icapacity iof ithis iplant imust ibe ifor i100000 ilitres iof ieffluent

iwhich iwill ienter iper iweek. iThis iproject ishould ioccur iover ia iperiod iof itwo iyears.MS iproject

isoftware iwill ibe iput iinto iuse ito ishowcase ithe iplan ifor ithe iproject iin idetail iand iprovide icost

iestimation ifor ithe iconstruction iof ithe iplant. iA iprocess iflow idiagram iwill ialso ibe ipresented ito

ishowcase ihow ithe iwastewater iwill ibe itreated.

Page | 5
 THEORY AND DISCUSSION
i i

Water iis ione iof ithe imost ivital inatural iresources ifor iall ilife ion iEarth. iThe iavailability iand iquality
iof iwater ialways ihave iplayed ian iimportant ipart iin idetermining inot ionly iwhere ipeople ican ilive,

ibut ialso itheir iquality iof ilife. iIndustrial iwater iuse iis ia ivaluable iresource ito ithe ination's iindustries

ifor isuch ipurposes ias iprocessing, icleaning, itransportation, idilution, iand icooling iin

imanufacturing ifacilities. iMajor iwater-using iindustries iinclude isteel, ichemical, ipaper, iand

ipetroleum irefining. iIndustries ioften ireuse ithe isame iwater iover iand iover ifor imore ithan ione

ipurpose.

Types iof iWastewater iTreatment iProcess: iETP, iSTP iand iCETP i

Some iof ithe imajor iimportant itypes iof iwastewater itreatment iprocess iare ias ifollows: i
1. iEffluent iTreatment iPlants i(ETP) i
2. iSewage iTreatment iPlants i(STP) i
3. iCommon iand iCombined iEffluent iTreatment iPlants i(CETP). i
And iwe iwill ifocus ion iETP
It iis iestimated ithat ievery iyear i1.8 imillion ipeople idie idue ito isuffering ifrom iwaterborne idiseases.
iA ilarge ipart iof ithese ideaths ican ibe iindirectly iattributed ito iimproper isanitation. iWastewater

itreatment iis ian iimportant iinitiative iwhich imust ibe itaken imore iseriously ifor ithe ibetterment iof

ithe isociety iand iour ifuture. iWastewater itreatment iis ia iprocess, iwherein ithe icontaminants iare

iremoved ifrom iwastewater ias iwell ias ihousehold isewage, ito iproduce iwaste istream ior isolid iwaste

isuitable ifor idischarge ior ireuse.

Effluent iTreatment iPlants i(ETP):

Effluent iTreatment iPlants ior i(ETPs) iare iused iby ileading icompanies iin ithe ipharmaceutical iand
ichemical iindustry ito ipurify iwater iand iremove iany itoxic iand inon-toxic imaterials ior ichemicals

ifrom iit. iThese iplants iare iused iby iall icompanies ifor ienvironment iprotection. iAn iETP iis ia iplant

iwhere ithe itreatment iof iindustrial ieffluents iand iwaste iwaters iis idone. iThe iETP iplants iare iused

iwidely iin iindustrial isector.

Need iof iETP: i-

• To iclean iindustry ieffluent iand irecycle iit ifor ifurther iuse.
• To ireduce ithe iusage iof ifresh/potable iwater iin iindustries.
• To icut iexpenditure ion iwater iprocurement.
• To imeet ithe iStandards ifor iemission ior idischarge iof ienvironmental ipollutants ifrom
ivarious iindustries iset iby ithe iGovernment iand iavoid ihefty ipenalties.

• To isafeguard ienvironment iagainst ipollution iand icontribute ito isustainable idevelopment.

Page | 6
Treatment iLevels i& iMechanisms iof iETP i–
i Treatment ilevels:
• Preliminary
• Primary
• Secondary
• Tertiary

Mechanisms:
• Physical
• Chemical
• Biological

Wastewater itreatment iplant iprocess

Treatment iSteps

Step i1: iScreening iand iPumping

The iincoming iwastewater ipasses ithrough iscreening iequipment iwhere iobjects isuch ias irags,
iwood ifragments, iplastics, iand igrease iare iremoved. iThe imaterial iremoved iis iwashed iand

ipressed iand idisposed iof iin ia ilandfill. iThe iscreened iwastewater iis ithen ipumped ito ithe inext istep:

igrit iremoval.

Step i2: iGrit iRemoval

In ithis istep, iheavy ibut ifine imaterial isuch ias isand iand igravel iare iremoved ifrom ithe iwastewater.
iThis imaterial iis ialso idisposed iof iin ia ilandfill.

Step i3: iPrimary iSettling

The imaterial, iwhich iwill isettle, ibut iat ia islower irate ithan istep itwo, iis itaken iout iusing ilarge
icircular itanks icalled iclarifiers. iThe isettled imaterial, icalled iprimary isludge, iis ipumped ioff ithe

ibottom iand ithe iwastewater iexit ithe itank ifrom ithe itop. iFloating idebris isuch ias igrease iis

iskimmed ioff ithe itop iand isent iwith ithe isettled imaterial ito idigesters. iIn ithis istep, ichemicals iare

ialso iadded ito iremove iphosphorus.

Step i4: iAeration i/ iActivated iSludge

In ithis istep, ithe iwastewater ireceives imost iof iits itreatment. iThrough ibiological idegradation, ithe
ipollutants iare iconsumed iby imicroorganisms iand itransformed iinto icell itissue, iwater, iand

initrogen. iThe ibiological iactivity ioccurring iin ithis istep iis ivery isimilar ito iwhat ioccurs iat ithe

ibottom iof ilakes iand irivers, ibut iin ithese iareas ithe idegradation itakes iyears ito iaccomplish.

Page | 7
Step i5: iSecondary iSettling
Large icircular itanks icalled isecondary iclarifiers iallow ithe itreated iwastewater ito iseparate ifrom
ithe ibiology ifrom ithe iaeration itanks iat ithis istep, iyielding ian ieffluent, iwhich iis inow iover i90%

itreated. iThe ibiology i(activated isludge) iis icontinuously ipumped ifrom ithe ibottom iof ithe

iclarifiers iand ireturned ito ithe iaeration itanks iin istep ifour.

Step i6: iDisinfection

To iassure ithe itreated iwastewater iis ivirtually ifree iof ibacteria, iultraviolet idisinfection iis iused
iafter ithe ifiltration istep. iThe iultraviolet itreatment iprocess ikills iremaining ibacteria ito ilevels

iwithin iour idischarge ipermit.

Step i7: iWater iAnalysis iand iTesting

Testing ifor iproper ipH ilevel, iammonia, initrates, iphosphates, idissolved ioxygen iand iresidual
ichlorine ilevels ito iconform ito ithe iplant’s iNPDES ipermit iare icritical ito ithe iplant’s iperformance.

Step i8: iEffluent idisposal i

After imeeting iall ipermit ispecifications, iclean iwater iis ireintroduced iinto ithe ienvironment.

Figure i1 iShowing ithe iwastewater itreatment iprocess.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

i i

Page | 8
In iputting itogether ithis iproject iplan iI igained imore iknowledge ion ihow ito iuse iMS iprojects ito
ishowcase ithe idesign iand iconstruction iof ia iplant ifrom ithe iinitiation istage iup ito iits icompletion.

iWastewater itreatment iis ivery iimportant iin iindustries ibecause iit ihelps ithem ito icut icosts ion

ipaying ifines iand iusing ipotable iwater ifrom imunicipal isystems, iso irecycling itheir iown ieffluent

iwill ibe ivery ibeneficial. iThe ion-site iconstruction iof ithis iplant iis ivery iwise icause iit ialso icut icost

ion itransportation iof ieffluent ito iother itreatment iplants ithat imay ibe iavailable.

I iwould irecommend ithat ifor ithe iconstruction iof ithis iplant ito ihappen ipeople ishould istick ito
imaking isure ithat ithey isubmit itheir ideliverables ion itime ito imake isure ithe iproject igoes

iaccording ito iplan.

Page | 9
 REFERENCES

• iColeparmer.com. i2021. i8 iWastewater iTreatment iProcess iSteps i& iStages i- iCole-

Parmer. i[online] iAvailable iat: i<https://www.coleparmer.com/tech-article/eight-

stages-of-wastewater-treatment-process> i[Accessed i28 iMay i2021].

• Encyclopaedia iBritannica. i2021. iwastewater itreatment i| iProcess, iHistory, iImportance,

iSystems, i& iTechnologies. i[online] iAvailable iat:

i<https://www.britannica.com/technology/wastewater-treatment> i[Accessed i28 iMay

i2021].

Page | 10
 APPENDICES

Figure i2 iSHOWS iBAR iSCREENING

iiii

Figure i3 iSHOWS iGRIT iREMOVAL

Figure i4 iSHOWS iPRIMARY iCLARIFIER

Page | 11
ii

Figure i5 iSHOWS iAERATION

iiiii

Figure i6 iSHOWS iSECONDARY iSETTLING

Page | 12