FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY OWERRI

P.M.B, 1526, OWERRI, IMO STATE

NIGERIA.

A REPORT ON THE STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK

EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

AT
TARKISH TECHNOLOGIES MEDICAL CENTER
NO.22 OGBEUKWU ROAD NDONI RIVERS STATE

BY
OGBUCHEKWE CHUKWUNONSO
REG NO: 20181086137

SUBMITTED TO
THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (SOBS)

AUGUST, 2021

i
 Dedication
This work is dedicated to the Almighty God without whom nothing could be
possible, and to my parent for their moral and financial support.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I thank God almighty for his infinite mercy and grace, and for seeing me through
during my industrial training, I also thank my parents for their help and support
both financially and other wise. I pray God almighty to bless them. I won’t fail to
appreciate the help of my IT supervisor and other workers who in one way or the
other contributed to the success of my I.T, I pray that God almighty will bless you
all in Jesus name. I also appreciate all my lecturers in FUTO for their impartation,
God bless u all.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT
Cover page i
Dedication ii
Acknowledgement iii
CHAPTER 1-INTRDUCTION
1.1 Brie History of Siwes 1
1.2 Aims and objective of SIWES 2
1.3 Brief history of the Establishment 3
1.4 Organizational structure (organogram) 4
1.5 Laboratory rules and regulations 5
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Laboratory equipment’s and their uses 6
CHAPTER THREE
MEDICAL LABORATORY TESTS
3.1 Collection of samples 9
3.2 Clinical chemistry test 9
3.2.1 Urine Microscopy 9
3.3 Urinalysis 9
3.4 Urine microscopy 11
3.5 Hematology test 12
3.5.1 Blood Group 12
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Culture media 14
4.2 Preparation of media 14
4.3 Stool culture 14
4.4 Stool test for ova of parasites 15
4.4.1 Macroscopic examination 15
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4.4.2 Microscopic examination 15
4.5 Preparation of blood film for malaria parasite. (thick and thin film) 16
4.5.1 Thick film 16
4.6 Hepatitis b surface antigen screening 17
4.7 Hiv screening 17
4.8 Hepatitis C screening 18
4.9 Widal Test 18
4.10 Gram’s Staining 19
4.11 Sensitivity Testing 19
4.12 Biochemical Tests 20
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Relevance of the siwes programme 21
5.1 Advice to the company/organization 21
5.2 Advice to the institutions 21
CHAPTER SIX
6.1 Recommendation 22
6.2 Conclusion 22

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 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

SIWES (student’s industrial work experience scheme) is a scheme designed by the

federal ministry of education; the industrial training fund is the National board for
technical education and institution of high students in Nigeria.
SIWES (students industrial work experience scheme) is aimed at granting or
exposing students to experience the nature of work they re to encounter when they
finish their program in school depending on one discipline
The scheme also gives students opportunity to gain experience practically what
was not taught in school during their programe.
It also helps students to practicalise the theory aspect of their lecture in school. It
also gives the students the opportunity to be versatile .it makes the students
popular, it also act as a medium of job opportunity when they finish their programe
in school.
It gives a detailed account of all work carried out during SIWES and as well as the
problems faced.

1.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF SIWES

The student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was established in
1973/1974 session by the Industrial Training Fund (ITF). Prior to the establishment
of this scheme, there was a growing concern among our industrialists that
graduates of our institutions of higher learning lacked adequate practices
background studies preparatory to employment in the industries. It is against this
background that the aim of initiating and designing the scheme was hinged.
Consequently, the scheme affords students the opportunity of familiarizing and
exposing themselves, to the needed experience in handling equipment and
machinery that are usually not available in the institutions.

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The ITF solely funded the scheme during its formative years. It withdraws from
the scheme in 1978 due to the financial problem. The federal government handed
the scheme in 1979 to both the National University Commission (NUC) and the
National Board of Technical Education (NBTE). Later, in November 1984, the
federal government changed the management and implementation of the scheme to
ITF and it was effectively taken over by the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) in July
1985 with the funding being solely borne by the federal government.

1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

I. It act as medium for job opportunity for students
II. It provides students with experience outside their programe in school
III. It grants students opportunity to practicalize the theoretical aspect of their
course in school
IV. Expose student to the kind of work experience they will encounter when they
graduate
V. Expose students to know the operation and function of the instruments involved
in their course of study.
VI. It makes students know how to manage difficult in work when they graduate.

1.3 BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT

Tarkish Technologist health center is a medical center established with an
equipped medical laboratory for saving live, it is located at No22 Ogbeukwu Road
Ndoni Rivers state. The medical health center is empowered to play a leading role
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 in treatment prevention, outbreak detection, control and surveillance of diseases of
public health interest. Other functions of the hospital include treatment of patient,
response to emergency, Diagnosis and Formulation of medical policy.
VISION
To build a healthy nation through the provision of qualitative, responsive and
sustainable medical and laboratory services.
MISSION
To safeguard the health of the Nigerian population through the provision and
development of appropriate medical tools for the surveillance and diagnosis of
diseases and other agents of potential threat to public health, assure continuous
improvement in medical practice and play a leading role in directing medical
policy

1.4 ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE (ORGANIGRAM)

Chief medical director

Hospital management board Hospital Administrator

Finance Office Records medical Matron Admin Officer 11

Gynecology Obstetrics Physiotherapy X-ray

OOOOObstet

Maternity Laboratory Pharmacy Nursing Security

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1.5 LABORATORY RULES AND REGULATIONS
I. Laboratory coat and hand gloves should be worn in the laboratory
II. Eating, drinking, smoking and dancing should be avoided in the laboratory
III. Hands should be washed after handling a sample and when leaving the
laboratory
IV. All benches should be cleaned before and after the day work.
V. Avoid being bare footed, cover shoes should be worn in the laboratory
VI. Hairs should be covered with Hair net.
VII. Fingers and nails should be cut short
VIII. Labeling of sample should be done with care

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 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 EQUIPMENT, MEDIA AND REAGENTS

2.1 LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

The underlisted equipment are used in the various sections of the laboratory.
Microscopes, Refrigerator, Incubator, Centrifuge, Autoclave, Weighing balance,
Hot air oven, Electrophoresis machine, Spectrophotometer and Distiller.
MICROSCOPE
This is used to view microorganisms in stained preparation and wet
preparations in parasitology and bacteriology sections.
REFRIDGERATOR
This is used in the laboratory for the preservation of reagents, media and
blood samples.
INCUBATOR
It is used to create isothermal environment that will favour the growth of
microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast and fungi.
CENTRIFUGE
This is used for the separation of specimen into the various components i.e.
whole blood samples is separated into serum or plasma and for urine microscopy.
WEIGHING BALANCE
This is used for accurate measurement of large or small quantities of
material.

HOT AIR-OVEN
This is used for the sterilization of glass Petri dishes, tubes and other glad
wares in the laboratory at 160oc for 45-60 minutes.

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AUTOCLAVE
This is used for sterilization of culture media and decontamination of
infectious materials.
MEASURING CYLINDER
This is used to measure water, acid and in preparing of some reagents.
WIRE LOOP
This is used in the bacteriology laboratory for culturing. It is sterilized by
flaming.
BURNSEN BURNER
It is used for flaming wire loops, mouth of sample bottles before opening. It is a
sterilizing tool.
MAINTENANCE OF EQUIPMENT
Microscopes are cleaned before and after use and well covered to avoid dust.
Electrical devices are switched off after use and the centrifuge cleaned with
disinfected after spillages. The centrifuge is kept on a flat surface and must be well
balanced before use.
CONSUMABLES
Consumables are specimen bottles, measuring cylinder, micropipettes, wire-loops,
sterile Petri dish, test tubes, grouping tiles, glass slides, cover slips, conical flakes,
cotton wool, needles and syringes.

WASHING OF GLASSWARES
Washing of glassware was done on a daily basis. Used glassware, pipettes
and test tubes were dipped into 5% Jik for disinfection. Washing was done using
teepol and well rinsed with cold tap water. All glasswares are sterilized using the
Hot air oven. Used slides and cover slips are discarded in sharp boxes.

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 2.2 MEDIA PREPARATION

All media are assigned a preparation control number consisting the date the
media was prepared. Each batch of media was tested for sterility and
inhibition characteristics before use.
NUTRIENT AGAR
35 grams of commercially prepared agar powder was weighed and dissolved
in 1 liter of distilled water. This was mixed and sterilized by autoclaving at 121 oc
for 15 minutes. The medium was allowed to cool, dispensed into sterile Petri
dishes, allowed to solidify and give a batch number and kept in the refrigerator for
use.
BLOOD AGAR
Blood agar base medium was used for the preparation; 35g was dissolved in
1 liter distilled water, sterilized at 121oc for 15 minutes. This was allowed to cool
and blood was aseptically added and gently mixed to avoid forming air bubbles
and given a batch number and stored in the refrigerator for use.
CHOCOLATE AGAR
This medium was prepared as for blood agar and the medium heated at 70 oc
in a water bath until it becomes brown. This was dispensed into sterile Petri dishes,
allowed to solidify. The medium was dated and given a batch number and stored in
the refrigerator for use.

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 CHAPTER THREE

3.0 COLLECTION AND PROCESSING OF SAMPLES

3.1 COLLECTION OF SAMPLES

All samples for laboratory investigation were collected in appropriate

containers, well labeled with the name, age, sex of the patients, date of collection
and accompanied by the laboratory request form. Different specimen bottles were
used depending on the investigation required. All specimens for microscopy,
culture and sensitivity were collected in sterile universal containers. Such samples
include urine, stool, semen and sputum while specimen that requires hematological
investigation are collected in EDTA bottles and fluoride oxalate and lithium
heparin bottles for chemical pathology. These samples are immediately dispatched
to the various sections of the laboratory for investigation.

3.2 CLINIC CHEMISTRY TESTS

In chemistry, a chemical test is a qualitative or quantitative procedure
designed to prove the existence of, or to quantify a chemical compound or
chemical group with the aid of a specific reagent

3.2.1 URINE MACROSCOPY:

This measured the colour and transparency of urine sample which were determined
from the visual observation of the sample in a sterile transparent container the
physical characteristics of urine sample were noted as
• Pale amber and clear
• Yellow and turbid
• Pale amber and clouding
• Yellow and clear
• Bloody

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3.3 URINALYSIS
This was based on the dipping of the medi test combi-9 colour sections into the
urine sample to check for the following parameters like
•PH
• Glucose
• Ascorbic acid
• Protein
• Nitrite
• Ketone
• Blood
• Bilirubin -
• And urobilinogen
This test serves as a diagnostic tool which determines pathological changes in a
patient’s urine in a standard urinalysis.
AIM: To determine pathological changes in patient urine
MATERIAL: Test tube, combi-9, urinalysis strip, test tube rack and sample
container which contains the urine sample.
PROCEDURE
(1) A fresh urine sample of about l0mI was transferred from the transparent sample
container into a test tube and fixed in the test tube rack.
(2) The combi-9 strip was dipped into the well-mixed urine sample contained in
the test tube.
(3) The combi-9 strip was brought out from urine sample and the edge of the strip
the supported over the mouth of the test tube to remove excess urine.
(4) The result was read within 60 seconds by matching the colour changes with the
standard chromatic scale provided by the manufacturer on the combi-9 container,

9
RESULT:
There may be colour changes. On the urinalysis strip indicating the presence of the
parameters like PH, blood, Glucose, Bilirubin, Ketone, ascorbic acid, protein
urobilinogen.

3.4 URINE MICROSCOPY

Urine was examined under a microscope in search of cellular fragments such as
pus cells, epithelia cells, red blood cells, yeast cells, casts, crystals, parasites like
flagellate of trichomonas vaginalis, and bacteria.
AIM: To check for cellular fragments in urine sample.
MATERIAL: Urine in a sterile container, clean grease-free glass slide, sterile
cover slip, centrifuge, test tube and microscope.
PROCEDURE
1. The urine sample was shaked to homogenize.
2. Urine sample of about l0ml was transferred from the sample container into a test
tube.
3. The urine sample in the test tube was spun down by centrifugation at 3000rpm
for 10 minutes.
4. The supernatant fluid was decanted and the deposit was mixed with the last drop
that drained back into tube,
5. A drop of the deposit was placed on the clean grease-free glass slide and
covered. With a sterile cover slip without entrapping air bubbles.
6. The preparation was mounted on the microscope and examined with xl0 and x40
objective.

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RESULT
Cellular fragments such as red blood, cells, pus cells, epithelial cells, yeast cells,
crystals, bacterial cells, casts and trophozoite of trichomonas vaginalis ma’ be seen
in urine deposit in microscopy view.

3.5 HAEMATOLOGY TEST

This is the test used in carrying out the investigation of anemia, infection and
pyrexia 9 fever) of unknown origin, investigation heamoglobinopathics and
monitoring patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART)

3.5.1 BLOOD GROUP

This is all ABC blood group system are clinically the most important .blood group
donors and patients must be grouped correctly to avoid the death of the patients
when the ABC is incompatible . The ABC blood group w have :AB ,AB ,A, K
,B+,B,O+,0
AIM:
The aim is to determine a patient’s blood group
Apparatus:
Anti sera A,B, and C clean and dry title applicators, sterile blood lancet, sterile
swap and hand glove.
TECHNIQUES:
After a patient thumb has being cleaned with sterile swap and allow to dry, a
puncture is made with the lancet and the first drop of the blood is cleaned off.
And then pressed to get another drop of blood which is drooped at three division
on a tile.
Add one volume of the respective anti-sera A B and 0 to the blood samples
Using applicators mix the anti —sera with the blood respectively Rock for 2-3
minutes and then record your result. -

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HOW TO READ YOUR RESULT
BLOOD TYPE ANTI -A ANTI -B ANTI-D

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 CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 MICROBIOLOGY TEST
4.1 CULTURE MEDIA
A culture medium is any nutrient, liquid or solid material that can support the
growth of microorganisms. The most important requirement of a culture medium is
it’s ability to allow a detectable growth from a minute incubate within the shortest
period of incubation.
4.2 PREPARATION OF MEDIA
1. A weighing balance was kept on a fiat table and its scale was
Adjusted to zero. -
2. A thin foil was placed on the balance and its weight was noted.
3. The agar base powder was collected and placed on the foil using a spatula until
the required quantity was obtained.
4. The dehydrated agar medium was then tranferred into a clean dry graduated
conical flask
5. A corresponding volume of distilled water was measured using the measuring
cylinder and was transferred into the conical flask containing each agar.
6. The mixture was stirred gently to mix using
7. The mouth of the conical flask was corked and placed in an autoclave.
8. The mixture was sterilized at 121°c for l5mins.
9. After autoclaving, the mixture w allowed to cool

4.3 STOOL CULTURE

This was used for the diagnosis of intestinal tract infection caused by especially
enteric pathogens such as salmonella enteritidis, shigella dysenteria.
AIM: To detect the presence of enteric pathogens in stool sample.
MATERIALS: Wire loop, Bunsen burner, stool sample and agar plates
(salmonella-shigella agar, bload agar and macConkey Agar plates) incubator.

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PROCEDURE
1. The wire loop was flamed to red hot in Bunsen flame and allowed to cool.
2. Using the flame sterilized wire ioop, stool sample was introduced on the agar
plates (macConkey agar, SS agar and blood agar).
3. The wire loop was flamed again to red hot, allowed to cool and the inoculum
was streaked out on the agar plates.
4. The culture plates were incubated at 37°c for 24hours.
5. The incubated plates were inspected for colonial growth after
24hours of incubation at 37°c
RESULTS
Bacteria such as salmonella enteritidis, shigella dysenteriae and Escherichia Coil as
in the case of infantile gastroenteritis may be isolated. Sensitivity test was
performed for the effective antibiotics to which the bacterial isolate was sensitive.

4.4 STOOL TEST FOR OVA OF PARASITES.

4.4.1 Macroscopic Examination
The appearance of stool specimen was noted. Colour of the stool, consistency
whether formed, watery, hard or semi formed, presence of blood mucus or adult
worm were recorded.

4.4.2 Microscopic Examination

A wet mount was prepared directly from the stool sample. 2 basic types of wet
mounts were made. Saline wet mount to detect ova of parasites and to detect
presence of red blood cells or while blood cells. Iodine wet mount was also done to
examine cysrs of parasites. The preparation was done by placing a drop of saline
on one end of slide and a drop of 2% iodine on the other end. With an applicator
stick, a small portion of the specimen was picked up and mixed with saline drop

14
and a similar amount with the iodine drop. Cover slip was placed separately on
both and examined under a microscope using x10 and x40 objective.
Ova, cysrs, trophozites and adult worm were identified using their characteristics
features.

4.5 Preparation of blood film for malaria parasite. (Thick and thin film)
Thin blood film was made by placing a drop of blood on one end of slide and using
a smooth edged slide spreader to spread the blood to form a thin layer.
Slide were allowed to air dry and fixed by dipping in methanol and allowed to fix
for 1-2 minutes.
Staining was done by covering the slide with field’s strain B and equal volume of
field’s strain A, the strain was washed off with clean water and the slides placed on
a draining rack to air dry. This was examined under the microscope using oil
immersion objective.
Result
The cytoplasm of parasite stains blue while the chromatin strains red.

4.5.1 Thick film

This was done by placing a drop of blood on a slide. This was made into a thick
smear with a plastic pipette. The thick film was not fixed in methanol so that the
red cells are lysed during staining. The slide was strained by dipping the slide in
field’s stain. A for 5 seconds. Excess strain was drained and slide dipped into
field’s strain B for 3 seconds.
Slide was washed gently in clean water, allowed to dry and examined using the oil
immersion objection.

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4.6 Hepatitis B surface antigen screening.
Hepatitis B surface antigen screening was done using a commercially
prepared HBsAg test strip. The pouch containing the strip was brought to room
temperature before removal of the test strip. The strip was immersed vertically into
the plasma for at least 10-15 seconds with arrows pointing toward the serum or
plasma specimen. The serum was not allowed to pass the MAXLINE. The strip
was removed and placed on a non-absorbent surface and was read after the red
lines have appeared within 15 minutes.
Positive: Two distinct red lines one in control region and another in test region
Negative: One red line in control region and no red line in test region.
Invalid: Control line fail to appear.

4.7 HIV Screening

The HIV 1&2 stat pak assay is a single use immunochromatographic rapid
screening test for the detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus
types 1 and 2 in venous whole blood, serum or plasma specimens.
The screening was done by placing the Stat pak device on a flat surface. This was
labelled with the patient’s name and identification number. 5µl of blood plasma
was dispensed into the pad and 3 drops of regent buffer was added into the sample
and the result read in 10 minutes
Negative result
One red line in control area and no line in the test area.

Positive result
Two red lines: one in control area and one line in test area.
Invalid result
No red line in both control and test area or red line in test area and no line in
control area.

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4.8 Hepatitis C screening
The Diaspot HC one step Hepatitis C virus test strip is a rapid chromatographic
immunoassay for the qualitative detection of antibody to Hepatitis C virus in serum
or plasma.
The test device, plasma and buffer were brought into room temperature prior to
use. The strip was removed from the punch. Immersed into the plasma does not
pass the MAX line. The strip was placed on a non absorbent flat surface and the
results read within 10 minutes after the appearance of the red lines.
Positive: Two distinct red lines (one in control and one in test region).
Negative: Red line in control region and none in test region
Invalid: No line in both control and tests region or line in tests region and no line
in control region

4.9 WIDAL TEST

Widal test was performed using the commercially prepared chromatest
Widal test kit. The test demonstrates the presence of somatic (O) and Flagella (H)
to salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi in the patient’s serum using
suspensions of O and H antigens by qualitative slide agglutination method.
Suspension of the chromatest kit was mixed with an individual serum, anti
Salmonella antibodies present in the serum reacts with the antigen suspension to
produce agglutination.
Result
The test is positive if the titre for both O and H antigen are greater or equal to 1:80
or 1:160 respectively.

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4.10 GRAM’S STAINING
Gram staining technique is a bacteriological technique used to differentiate
bacterial species into two large groups (Gram positive and Gram negative) based
on the composition of the cell walls.
A drop of distilled water was placed on a grass slide and a colony of bacteria
emulsified to form a thin preparation. This was allowed to dry and heat fixed by
passing the slide over the pilot flame of Bunsen burner. The slide was covered by
crystal violet stain for 30 seconds and washed off with clean water, slide was
covered with Lugol’s iodine which serves as the mordant and decolourised with
acid alcohol. Smear was washed and counterstained with neutral red stain for 2
minutes. Stain was washed and the slide was allowed to air dry and observed under
the microscope using oil immersion objective.

Result
Gram positive bacteria appear purple while the Gram negative bacteria appear red
under the microscope.

4.11 SENSITIVITY TESTING

This test is used to select effective antimicrobial drugs. The antimicrobial
sensitivity testing was performed using the disc diffusion technique. 2-3 pure
colonies of isolates were emulsified into sterile saline, using a sterile swab, a plate
of Nutrient agar was inoculated with the bacterial suspension. Using a sterile
forcep, a commercially prepared multidisc containing appropriate antibodies was
placed on the table. Plate was inverted and incubated aerobically at 37oC overnight.
The plates were examined for zones of inhibition.
Result
Sensitive - Zone of inhibition
Resistant - No zone of inhibition

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4.12 BIOCHEMICAL TESTS
These tests are used to identify bacteria isolates in the laboratory.
Catalase
A few drops of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was placed on a microscope slide and a
colony of the isolate was picked with an applicator stick and immersed in the
hydrogen peroxide and mixed for observation.
Result
Presence of bubbles indicate a positive result. Staphylococcus species is catalase
positive while Streptococcus species is catalase negative.

Coagulase Test
This test is performed on Gram positive, catalase positive organisms.
Colonies of the organism was inoculated into plasma in a test tube and incubated at
37oC for 24 hours.
Result
Presence of clot in the plasma indicates a positive result. Staphylococcus aureus is
coagulase positive while Staphylococcus albus is coagulase negative.

Oxidase test
This test is used for the identification of Pseudomonas species, Neisseria species
and Vibrio species. A colony of test organism was smeared on oxidase strip
(commercial strip) and examined for a deep purple colour.
Result
Oxidase producing organisms oxidize phenylenediamine in the strip to deep purple
colour.

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 CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 RELEVANCE OF THE SIWES PROGRAMME

I benefit a lot during the programme which I believed is still relevant in the
following areas:
It exposed me to work methods, techniques in handling equipment’s that are not
available in school
5.1 ADVICE TO THE COMPANY/ORGANIZATION
There should be formal training and orientation for the students under their care.
There should be appreciative measure on the part of the company because a student
will work when he/she is appreciated even if not monetary.
Monthly defense of what the student has learnt should be done.

5.2 ADVICE TO THE INSTITUTIONS

a. Quality orientation programmes should be organized for all intending I.T.
students and should be made compulsory (it should be on departmental/faculty
levels due to the significance of each disciplines)
b. Many I.T students roam about because of lack of placement. The institution
should liaise (departmentally) with some industries/organizations who will always
be ready to assist.
c. Each I.T students should be allowed to defend their reports of SIWES
programme instead of group defense.
d. Visiting of the students by the institution should be taken with all seriousness.

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 CHAPTER SIX
CONCLUSION

My industrial attachment with Tarkish Technology medical health centre was one
of the most interesting, productive, instructive and educative experience in my life.
Through this training, I have gained new insight and more comprehensive
understanding about the real industrial working condition and practice and also
improved my soft and functional skills.

All these valuable experiences and knowledge that I have gained were not only
acquired through the direct involvement in task but also through other aspects of
the training such as: work observation, supervision, interaction with colleagues,
supervisors, superior and other people related to the field. It also exposed me to
some certain things about medical environment. And from what I have undergone,
I am sure that the industrial training program has achieved its primary objective.

RECOMMENDATIONS
I recommend that all institutions or bodies involve in Student Industrial Working
Experience Scheme, should provide places for industrial attachment for Student
Industrial Training Fund and also pay some allowances to students and the
company should provide more safety equipment to prevent further environmental
and health hazards.

Also, to students that are to undergo the training, I recommend that they should
take it very seriously, because it is one of the most important parts of their studies
which will help them build a very significant and effective meaning in their career
pursuit.

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