Pqvo3Sd Short Duration Voltage Variations: Issued: 6/2005 Version: A/08.07.2005

1MRS755448 PQVO3Sd
Short duration voltage variations

Issued: 6/2005
Version: A/08.07.2005
Data subject to change without notice
Contents
1. Introduction ................................................................................................ 3
1.1 Features................................................................................................ 3
1.2 Short duration voltage variations .......................................................... 3
1.3 Application ............................................................................................ 4
1.4 Input description ................................................................................... 5
1.5 Output description................................................................................. 5
2. Description of operation............................................................................ 6
2.1 Configuration ........................................................................................ 6
2.1.1 Voltage measurement.................................................................. 6
2.1.2 Current measurement.................................................................. 6
2.1.3 Input/output configuration ............................................................ 6
2.2 Rated frequency ................................................................................... 7
2.3 Measuring mode ................................................................................... 7
2.4 Operation criteria .................................................................................. 7
2.5 Outputs of the function block ................................................................ 9
2.5.1 Swell ............................................................................................ 9
2.5.2 Sag ............................................................................................ 10
2.5.3 Interruption................................................................................. 11
2.5.4 Counters .................................................................................... 14
2.6 Indications and events ........................................................................ 15
2.7 Resetting............................................................................................. 15
2.8 Recorded Data.................................................................................... 16
2.9 Measurement accuracy....................................................................... 17
3. Parameters and Events............................................................................ 18

3.1 General ............................................................................................... 18
3.2 Setting values ..................................................................................... 19
3.2.1 Control Settings ......................................................................... 19
3.3 Measurement values........................................................................... 20
3.3.1 Input Data .................................................................................. 20
3.3.2 Output Data ............................................................................... 20
3.3.3 Recorded data ........................................................................... 21
PQVO3Sd Distribution Automation
3.3.4 Events ........................................................................................23
4. Technical Data...........................................................................................24
2
Distribution Automation PQVO3Sd
1. Introduction
1.1 Features
• Single-phase, two-phase and three-phase voltage variation measurement.

• Voltage sag, swell and interruption measurement.
• Measurement according to IEC 61000-4-30.
• Recording of the 3 latest events, providing time stamps of event start and
min/max measurement, duration and min/max voltage of each phase. Also
measured currents preceding the event are recorded for each measured
phase current.
• Counters for sag, swell and interruption events.
1.2 Short duration voltage variations
Voltage variations are the most typical power quality events that have the
largest impact on sensitive customers. Short-duration voltage variations are
almost always caused by a fault condition. Depending on where the fault is
located, the fault can cause either a temporary voltage rise (swell) or voltage
drop (sag). A special case of a voltage drop is complete loss of voltage
(interruption). The impact on the voltage during the actual fault condition is a
short duration variation. The typical duration of a short duration voltage
variation, as defined in most of the publications, is from 10 ms to 60 seconds.
Sag
A voltage sag is a sudden reduction of the supply voltage. In most
publications, a voltage sag is characterized as a voltage drop to a value
between 90 % and 1 % of the nominal voltage. Voltage sags are usually
caused by system faults but can also be caused by the switching of large
loads or the starting of motors. A typical voltage sag can also be associated
with a single line-to-ground fault. A fault on a parallel feeder will result in a
voltage drop at the substation bus. This fault affects all of the other feeders
until the fault is cleared.
Swell
A voltage swell is defined as an increase in supply voltage. Typical
magnitudes are between 110 % and 180 % of the nominal voltage. Swells are
also usually associated with system faults, but not as frequently as voltage
sags. A single line-to-ground fault in the system can result in a voltage swell
on the healthy phases. Switching off large loads or switching on large
capacitor banks can also cause voltage swells.
3
Interruption
A voltage interruption is defined as a decrease of the supply voltage to a value
less than 1 % of the nominal voltage. Interruptions can be the result of power
system faults, equipment failures, and control function failures. Utility
protective devices and the particular event causing the fault determine the
duration of an interruption.
1.3 Application
The PQVO3Sd function block is used for measuring short duration voltage
variations in distribution networks. Power quality is being evaluated in the
voltage waveform by measuring voltage swells, sags and interruptions.
Power quality measurements carried out by the function block PQVO3Sd

follow the European Standard EN 50160. The measuring principles are taken
from the International standard IEC 61000-4-30.
Table 1 . Protection diagram symbols as seen in the relay terminal
ABB IEC ANSI
PQVO3Sd PQ 3U<> PQ 3U<>
For IEC symbols used in single line diagrams, refer to the manual “Technical
Descriptions of Functions, Introduction”, 1MRS750528-MUM
Figure 1. PQVO3Sd function block symbol
4
1.4 Input description
Name Type Description

UL1_U12 Analog channel Input for measuring voltage UL1 or
signal (SINT) U12
signal (SINT) U23
signal (SINT) U31
IL1 Analog channel Input for measuring phase current IL1
signal (SINT)
signal (SINT)
signal (SINT)
RESET Digital signal Input signal for resetting the counters
(BOOL, pos. edge) and registers of the function
1.5 Output description
Name Type Description

SWELL Digital signal Output indicating the start of a voltage
(BOOL, active high) swell
SAG Digital signal Output indicating the start of a voltage
(BOOL, active high) sag
INTERRUPTION Digital signal Output indicating the start of a voltage
(BOOL, active high) interruption
SWELL_COUNTER Unsigned integer Output indicating the amount of swells
(UINT) counted
SAG_COUNTER Unsigned integer Output indicating the amount of sags
(UINT) counted
INT_COUNTER Unsigned integer Output indicating the amount of
(UINT) interruptions counted
5
2. Description of operation
2.1 Configuration
2.1.1 Voltage measurement
• Voltage variation measurement (voltage sag/swell/interruption) can be

done for phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase voltages.
• Voltages can be measured with conventional voltage transformers or

voltage dividers (does not apply for phase-to-phase voltages).
• Virtual phase-to-phase voltage measurement channels can be used

instead of the corresponding analog measurement channels.
• Voltage sag/swell/interruption measurement can be performed for one,

two or three phases (at least one voltage measurement channel must
be connected).
2.1.2 Current measurement
• Currents can be measured with conventional current transformers or

Rogowski coils.
• Current measurement can be performed for one, two or three phases

(current measurement is optional).
• Measured currents are registered by the function block and can later
be used e.g. in calculation of power loss caused by a voltage sag or an
interruption.
2.1.3 Input/output configuration
The measuring devices and signal types for the analog channels are selected
and parameterized in a special dialog box of the graphic RECAP tool (IEC
configuration tool). The binary inputs are parameterized in the same
programming environment. The number of selectable analog inputs, binary
inputs and binary outputs depends on the hardware used.
When the analog channels and binary inputs have been selected and
parameterized in the dialog box, the inputs and outputs of the function block
can be configured in a graphic worksheet of the RECAP tool. The digital inputs
6
are connected to the Boolean inputs of the function block. In the same way,
the outputs of the function block are connected to the output signals.
The voltage measurement channels are connected to the UL1_U12, UL2_U23

and UL3_U31 inputs of the function block. The following voltages can be
connected to each input:
Table 2. Measured voltage channels

Input name Measured voltage
UL1_U12 UL1, UL1b, U12, U12b, U12s or U12bs
Note 1. The function block setting Declared voltage is set to 100.0 % when
phase-to-phase voltages are connected, and to 57.7% in case that phase-to-
ground voltages are connected. This means that if a voltage different from
nominal voltage is connected to the terminal, the setting Declared voltage is
set to this voltage.
Note 2. If the LV side voltages (e.g. U12b) are connected to the function block,
then the LV side measurement of the phase currents must be used as well.
Otherwise it is not possible to use recorded data, provided by the function
block, for calculation of lost power.
Note 3. True RMS measurement must be selected for voltage and current
channels.
2.2 Rated frequency
The rated frequency of the device is set via a dialog box in the configuration
tool. In addition, the global control parameter Rated frequency of the relay
can be used to read the rated frequency.
2.3 Measuring mode
The function block measures true RMS voltage (includes harmonics etc.). The
results are compared to nominal voltage or declared voltage.
2.4 Operation criteria
The PQVO3Sd function block measures short duration voltage variations, i.e.
voltage sags, swells and interruptions longer than 1 cycle (for interruptions1½
7
cycle) of the fundamental frequency (20 ms for 50 Hz and 16 ms for 60 Hz)

and shorter than 60 s in voltage waveform.
The maximum magnitude (in case of voltage swell) or depth (in case of
voltage sag or interruption) and the duration of the event can be obtained by
measuring the RMS value of the voltage for each phase. The maximum
magnitude and depth is defined as a percentage value calculated from the
difference between the nominal (or declared) and the measured voltage (e.g.
70 % depth means that the minimum magnitude of a sag event is 70 % of the
nominal amplitude). The duration of each phase corresponds to the period
during which the RMS values measured remain above or below the
corresponding limit. Figure 2 illustrates the duration and magnitude limits of
the function block.
PQVO3Sd measures RMS values for voltage. When this measured RMS
value drops below the sag limit, and in the same time remains above the
interruption limit, a sag is detected. If the voltage drops below the interruption
limit, an interruption is detected. When the measured RMS value rises above
the swell limit, a swell is detected.
Note 4. The function block setting Interrupt. limit must be set below the
setting Sag limit for correct and standardized operation of the function block.
Figure 2. Duration and voltage magnitude limits for swell, sag and interruption
measurement
If a voltage swell, sag or interruption is detected, the corresponding output
signal (SWELL, SAG or INT) is set to the Boolean value TRUE. The output
signal is TRUE during the swell, sag or interruption event. The outputs SWELL
8
and SAG can be active in the same time in case of e.g. a single-phase earth
fault (see Figure 7).
2.5 Outputs of the function block
2.5.1 Swell
1. The SWELL output is set to TRUE when the voltage level of any phase
rises above the swell limit (IEC 61000-4-30).
2. The SWELL output is set to FALSE when the voltage levels of all phases
are equal to or below the swell limit (minus the hysteresis) or when the
swell is active longer than the maximum duration.
Figure 3. Three-phase swell (this voltage variation is considered as a valid event

and is being recorded)
9
2.5.2 Sag
1. The SAG output is set to TRUE when the voltage level on any phase drops
below the sag limit (IEC 61000-4-30).
2. The SAG output is set to FALSE when the voltage levels of all phases are
equal to or above the sag limit (plus the hysteresis) or when the sag is
active longer than the maximum duration.
Figure 4. Three-phase sag. Phase U2 (green) starts and phase U3 (blue) ends the
event
10
2.5.3 Interruption
1. The INT output is set to TRUE when the voltage levels of all phases drop
below the interruption limit (IEC 61000-4-30).
2. The INT output is set to FALSE when the voltage level of any phase is
equal to or above the interruption limit (plus the hysteresis), or when the
interruption is active longer than the maximum duration.
Figure 5. Three-phase interruption

When only one or two phases are below the interruption limit, the event is
regarded as a sag, and the SAG output is set to TRUE during the event (see
Figure 6).
11
Figure 6. One-phase interruption (event is regarded as a sag)
12
Figure 7. Single-phase earth fault

Note 5. If the voltage variation event is active longer than the maximum
duration, the corresponding outputs are set to FALSE, as in Figure 8.
Furthermore, the function block is disabled as long as the event remains
active in order to prevent unnecessary indications.
13
Figure 8. One-phase sag which duration is longer than setting Duration max
2.5.4 Counters
The SAG_COUNTER output indicates the sum of the detected valid (the event
duration is between min and max duration) voltage sags since the last reset of
the function block. The same functionality correspondingly applies for the
SWELL_COUNTER and INT_COUNTER outputs.
14
2.6 Indications and events
When the voltage level of any phase is below or above the corresponding
limit, a start event (E1) is generated. An end event (E0) indicates ending of the
particular event in case. If the measured duration of the detected event is
between the minimum and maximum durations, it is considered as a valid
voltage variation event and then the measurement values are recorded. This
recording is indicated by the generation of the event E2, which is sent at the
same time as event E0 (see Figure 3). A voltage variation detection is also
indicated with a HMI text indication. Event sending can be seen in Figures 3-8.
For more information see section Recorded Data.
Note 6. The function block PQVO3Sd measures the duration of each voltage
channel separately, but the duration settings (Duration min and Duration
max) of the function block are compared to the total duration of the variation
event. The event duration can be seen in Figure 6. This event duration
determines whether the measurement values of the variation event are
recorded or not.
2.7 Resetting
The registers can be reset, either via the RESET input, over the serial bus or
via the local HMI.
The operation indicators, the counters and the recorded data can be reset as
follows:
Operation Registers Counters

indicators
RESET input of the function block 1) X X
1)
Parameter F514V013 X X
General parameter F001V011 2) X
2)
General parameter F001V012 X
2)
General parameter F001V013 X X
Push-button C 2) X
2)
Push-buttons C + E (2 s) X
Push-buttons C + E (5 s) 2) X X
1) Resets counters and recorded data of the particular function block.
2) Affects all function blocks.
15
2.8 Recorded Data
General
The information required for later power quality analysis is recorded when the
function block has detected a valid voltage variation.
The data of the last three events are stored into the registers Recorded
data 1...3, beginning from Recorded data 1. These registers are updated in a
cyclical manner, where the values of the most recent event overwrite the
oldest recorded data. If recorded data has been reset or the relay has been
restarted, first event is again stored to Recorded data 1.
Date and time of variation start
The time stamp for each of the 3 phases indicates the time instant at which
the voltage variation event was detected.
Date and time of min/max voltage value
The time stamp for each of the 3 phases indicates the time instant at which
the measured voltage was at a minimum/maximum during the measured
power quality event.
Type of voltage variation
The type of the detected voltage variation event (swell/sag/interruption/

sag&swell).
Magnitude (% of declared voltage)
The minimum/maximum voltage value during the swell/sag/interruption for

each of the 3 phases.
Duration
The duration of the swell/sag/interruption for each of the 3 phases. The

measuring principle for duration measurement can be seen in Figure 6.
Currents
The measured currents preceding the start of swell/sag/interruption for each of

the 3 phases.
16
2.9 Measurement accuracy
In normal operating conditions, the voltage variation measurement accuracy is

in accordance with the international standard IEC 61000-4-30.
Duration measurement
Measurement accuracy for duration measurement in normal operating
conditions is:
± 1 fundamental frequency cycle (IEC 61000-4-30 Class A)
Voltage and current measurement

Measurement accuracies for voltage and current measurement are at normal
operating conditions (IEC 61000-4-30 Class B):
± 1.0% of In (for current measurement)
± 1.0% of Un (for voltage measurement)
17
3. Parameters and Events
3.1 General
• Each function block has a specific channel number for serial

communication parameters and events. The channel for PQVO3Sd is 514.
• The data direction of the parameters defines the use of each parameter as
follows:
Data direction Description

R, R/M Read only
W Write only
R/W Read and write
• The different event mask parameters (see section “Control Settings”) affect
the visibility of events on the HMI or on the serial communication (LON or
SPA) as follows:
Event mask 1 (F514V101/102) SPA / MMI (LON)

Event mask 2 (F514V103/104) LON
For example, if only the events E3, E4 and E5 are to be seen on the HMI of
the relay terminal, the event mask value 56 (8 + 16 + 32) is written to the
“Event mask 1” parameter (F514V101).
18
3.2 Setting values
3.2.1 Control Settings
Parameter Code Values Unit Default Data Explanation

direction
Declared voltage V1 50.0…150.0 % 100.0 R/W Declared input voltage
Duration min V2 8…60000 ms 10 R/W Minimum voltage variation

duration
Duration max V3 8…60000 ms 60000 R/W Maximum voltage variation

duration
Swell limit V4 100.0…200.0 % 110.0 R/W Swell threshold
Sag limit V5 0.0…100.0 % 90.0 R/W Sag threshold
Interrupt. limit V6 0.0…100.0 % 1.0 R/W Interruption threshold

1)
Reset registers V13 0…1 - 0 W Resetting of outputs and
registers
Event mask 1 V101 0...7 - 7 R/W Event mask for event

transmission (E0 ... E2)



1) Reset registers 0 = 0; 1 = Reset
19
3.3 Measurement values
3.3.1 Input Data

direction
UL1_U12 I1 0.00…2.00 x Un 0.00 R/M Phase-to-earth voltage UL1
or phase-to-phase voltage
U12

U23

U31
IL1 I4 0.000…60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Phase current IL1
3.3.2 Output Data

direction
1)
SWELL O1 0…1 - 0 R/M Swell in progress
1)
SAG O2 0…1 - 0 R/M Sag in progress
1)
INT O3 0…1 - 0 R/M Interruption in progress
SWELL_COUNT O4 0...65535 - 0 R/M Output indicating the amount

of swells counted
SAG_COUNT O5 0...65535 - 0 R/M Output indicating the amount

of sags counted
INT_COUNT O6 0...65535 - 0 R/M Output indicating the amount

of interruptions counted
1) Active 0 = Not Active; 1 = Active
20
3.3.3 Recorded data
3.3.3.1 Recorded data 1

direction
1)
Type V201 0…3 - 0 R/M Type of detected voltage variation event
Start date U1 V202 YYYY-MM-DD - - R/M Event start date of phase 1
Start time U1 V203 hh:mm:ss.mss - - R/M Event start time of phase 1
Min/max date U1 V208 YYYY-MM-DD - - R/M Date of phase 1 min/max value measurement
Min/max time U1 V209 hh:mm:ss.mss - - R/M Time of phase 1 min/max value measurement
Duration 1 V214 0...60000 ms 0 R/M Duration for phase 1
Mag. UL1_U12 V217 0.0...200.0 % 0.0 R/M Magnitude for phase 1
Current IL1 V220 0.000...60.000 x In 0.000 R/M Phase current IL1

1)
EVENT_TYPE 0 = Swell; 1 = Sag; 2 = Interruption; 3 = Sag&Swell
21

direction
1)

1)
22

direction
1)

1)
3.3.4 Events
Code Weighting Default Event reason Event

coefficient mask state
E0 1 1 Voltage variation start Reset
E1 2 1 Voltage variation start Activated
E2 4 1 Meas. values registered Ready
23
4. Technical Data
Reset ratio Typ. 0.95
Configuration data Task execution interval (Relay Configuration Tool): 10 ms

at the rated frequency fn = 50 Hz
24

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1MRS755448 PQVO3Sd

Short duration voltage variations

Data subject to change without notice

3. Parameters and Events............................................................................ 18

3.3.4 Events ........................................................................................23

• Single-phase, two-phase and three-phase voltage variation measurement.

1.2 Short duration voltage variations

Power quality measurements carried out by the function block PQVO3Sd

Table 1 . Protection diagram symbols as seen in the relay terminal

ABB IEC ANSI

PQVO3Sd PQ 3U<> PQ 3U<>

Figure 1. PQVO3Sd function block symbol

1.4 Input description

Name Type Description

1.5 Output description

Name Type Description

2.1.1 Voltage measurement

• Voltage variation measurement (voltage sag/swell/interruption) can be

• Voltages can be measured with conventional voltage transformers or

• Virtual phase-to-phase voltage measurement channels can be used

• Voltage sag/swell/interruption measurement can be performed for one,

2.1.2 Current measurement

• Currents can be measured with conventional current transformers or

• Current measurement can be performed for one, two or three phases

2.1.3 Input/output configuration

The voltage measurement channels are connected to the UL1_U12, UL2_U23

Table 2. Measured voltage channels

2.2 Rated frequency

2.3 Measuring mode

2.4 Operation criteria

cycle) of the fundamental frequency (20 ms for 50 Hz and 16 ms for 60 Hz)

2.5 Outputs of the function block

Figure 3. Three-phase swell (this voltage variation is considered as a valid event

Figure 5. Three-phase interruption

Figure 6. One-phase interruption (event is regarded as a sag)

Figure 7. Single-phase earth fault

2.6 Indications and events

Operation Registers Counters

2.8 Recorded Data

Date and time of variation start

Date and time of min/max voltage value

Type of voltage variation

The type of the detected voltage variation event (swell/sag/interruption/

Magnitude (% of declared voltage)

The minimum/maximum voltage value during the swell/sag/interruption for

The duration of the swell/sag/interruption for each of the 3 phases. The

The measured currents preceding the start of swell/sag/interruption for each of

2.9 Measurement accuracy

In normal operating conditions, the voltage variation measurement accuracy is

± 1 fundamental frequency cycle (IEC 61000-4-30 Class A)

Voltage and current measurement

± 1.0% of In (for current measurement)

± 1.0% of Un (for voltage measurement)

3. Parameters and Events

• Each function block has a specific channel number for serial

Data direction Description

Event mask 1 (F514V101/102) SPA / MMI (LON)

3.2 Setting values

3.2.1 Control Settings

Parameter Code Values Unit Default Data Explanation

Duration min V2 8…60000 ms 10 R/W Minimum voltage variation

Duration max V3 8…60000 ms 60000 R/W Maximum voltage variation

Swell limit V4 100.0…200.0 % 110.0 R/W Swell threshold