‫راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار ﮐﺎﻧﻮال‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮ ﺰ ﺗﺤﻘ ﻘﺎ‬

‫ﺳ ﺪ ﻋﻠ ﺧﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ ﺗ ﻢ ﺗﺤﻘ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺷﻨﺎ‬

‫ﺳﻠ ﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺪ ﺮ ﺖ ﺻﻨﻌﺘ ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬

‫‪Conval‬‬
‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﭼ ﺪ‬

‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ ﺰ ﻨﮓ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻞ ﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﭘ ﺶ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎﻧﻮ ﺻﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ ﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬
‫ﺣﻮ ﺻﻨﺎ ﻊ ﺻﻨﺎ ﻊ ﻧﻔﺖ ﮔﺎ ﻧﺠﺎ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣ ﺪ ﺳﺖ ﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺶ ﺑﻨ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺮ ﺖ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻦ ﻫﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻠ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻋﺰ ﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮ ﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺘﻼ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺛﺮ ﻗﺪﻣ ﻣ ﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺷﺮ ﺖ ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﺗﺤﻘ ﻘﺎ‬
‫ﺳ ﺪ ﻋﻠ ﺧﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪ‬

‫‪Conval‬‬
‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬

‫‪ - -‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ‪...........................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳ ﻨﺘﺮ ‪....................‬‬ ‫‪ - -‬ﺷ ﺮ ﻨﺘﺮ ‪ -‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﻬ ﻨﻪﺳﺎ ‪ -‬ﺑﻪﺧﺼﻮ‬
‫‪ - - -‬ﺑﺎﻧ ﻃ ﻋﺎﺗ ﻟﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺳﺎ ﻧﺪ ‪..................................................................‬‬
‫‪ - - -‬ﻔ ﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ‪.......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ - - -‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﺎ ﻪ ‪........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ ‪..................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪- - -‬‬
‫ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓ ‪.............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺎ ﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ - -‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎ‬
‫‪ - -‬ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ‪.................................................................................... Calculation Header‬‬
‫‪ - -‬ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ‪.......................................................................................................Medium‬‬
‫‪ - - -‬ﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ - - -‬ﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺨﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪..........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ - - -‬ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳ ﺎ ﻧﻮ ﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪...............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ - -‬ﺳﺮﺑﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ‪.........................................................................‬‬
‫ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺖ ﻟﻮ ‪.......................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ - - -‬ﺳﺎ ﻨ‬
‫ﻟﻮ ‪....................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺎ ﻦ ﺳﺖ‬ ‫‪ - - -‬ﺳﺎ ﻨ‬
‫‪ - -‬ﻃ ﻋﺎ ﺎ ‪............................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﺎ ‪.........................................................‬‬ ‫‪ - - -‬ﺷﺮ ﺗﻔﺼ ﻞ ﺎ ﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ - -‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﻨﻈ ﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ‪....................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ - - -‬ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗ ‪....................................................................................... :‬‬

‫‪............................................................... . Determine Pressure Coefficient - Pcoef‬‬

‫‪.................................................................................. . Determine Flow Factor - Kv‬‬
‫‪.............................................................. The formula used for the flow factor - Kv‬‬

‫‪Control Valve Capacity‬‬

‫‪.................................................................................... Introduction to Valve Capacity‬‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺷ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ ‪..................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗ ‪.............................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎ ﺳ ﺎ ‪.....................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﺨﺎ ﺳ ﺎ ‪...........................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﺟﺪ‬
‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳ ﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪........................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳ ﺎ ﺑﺨﺎ ‪....................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﻧﺮ ﻓ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺎﺑﺖ‪...........................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣ ﻪ ﺑﺤﺮ ﻧ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻤﻮ‬
‫ﺎ ‪.....................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﻧﺮ ﻓ‬
‫ﺷﺮ ﻂ ﺎ ﺮ ‪.....................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺎ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻣﻨﻮ ﻧﺘﺨﺎ‬
‫ﻠ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ )‪............................................................................................ (pipeline‬‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻤﺎ‬
‫‪....................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻮ‬
‫ﻟﻮﻫﺎ ‪.................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫‪ ANSI‬ﻓﺸﺎ ﺳﻤ ‪..........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﺑﻄﻪ‬
‫‪......................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻧﺮ ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻠ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻃ ﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻠ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻞ ﻟﻮ ‪............................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺎ( ‪...............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺎ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻫﺎ ) ﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺨﺎ ﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﺟﺪ‬
‫( ‪.............................................‬‬ ‫– ﺗﻮ‬ ‫ﻧ – ﺮ ﻧﻪ‬ ‫– ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗ ﺐ ) ﻟﻮ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻮ‬
‫) ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻮ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﺗﺮ ﻢ(‪...................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ( ‪ ) -‬ﺮﻣ ﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻫﺎ ﺧﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ(‪...........................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﺗﻘﺴ ﻢ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻧﻮ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻫﺎ )‬
‫‪ FTO‬ﺎ ‪........................................................................................................... FTC‬‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻤﺎ ﺷﻤﺎﺗ‬
‫ﻟﻮ ‪.....................................................‬‬ ‫ﺳ ﺖ ﺗﻌ ﻦ ﺿﻌ ﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﺞ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻧﺸ ﻤﻨ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ) ‪( -‬‬
‫ﺟﺮ ﺎ )‪....... (IEC 60534,2-4‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﺮ ﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻤﻮ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻟﻮ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻣ ﻨﻨﺪ ‪..................................................‬‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻐ ﺮ ﺗ‬ ‫ﺞ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻮ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ‪......................................................................... Equal percentage‬‬ ‫‪ h - ɸ‬ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ( ‪ ) -‬ﻧﻤﻮ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ‪............................................................................................Linear‬‬ ‫‪ h - ɸ‬ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻤﻮ‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻟﻮ ‪.....................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﺑ ﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗ ﻮ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﺗﻔﺎ‬

‫ﻟﻮ ‪.....................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﺷ ﺎ ﺗﺮ ﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺪ ‪........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺗ ﺑﻪ ﻮ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﺎ ﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺟﺪ‬

‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ ﻫﺎ ‪........................................................ GERG 2004 AGA8‬‬ ‫ﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫) ‪( -‬ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬

‫)‪................................................. (DIN 1343‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫(‬ ‫ﺎﻟ )ﺧﺸ‬ ‫) ‪ ( -‬ﻣﻘﺎ ﺮ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬
‫ﺎﻟ ﻧﺴﺒ ‪...................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ ( ‪ ) -‬ﻣﻘﺎ ﺮ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫‪................................................................... ASME B16.5‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪ ( ‪ ) -‬ﺑﻄﻪ ﺑ ﻦ ‪ NPS DN‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫) ‪ ( -‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﺮ ﺟ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ ﻫﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻤ ‪...............................................................‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬
‫ﻣ ﻠ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ ﻫﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻤ ‪..........................‬‬ ‫) ‪ ( -‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﺮ ﺟ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻨ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬
‫)‪................................................................................ (Pas‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻣ‬ ‫) ‪ ( -‬ﻣﻘﺎ ﺮ ﺴ ﻮ ﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ℃ ‪.................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ ( ‪ ) -‬ﺴ ﻮ ﺘﻪ‬
‫‪..................................‬‬ ‫‪mbar‬‬ ‫℃‬ ‫ﺷﺮ ﻂ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺨﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ ( ‪ ) -‬ﺴ ﻮ ﺘﻪ ﻨﺎﻣ‬
‫ﺎﻟ ‪.............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻧﺴ ﻮ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫) ‪ ( -‬ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬
‫‪......................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺴ ﺘﻪ ﺳ ﺎ‬ ‫) ‪ ( -‬ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬
‫) ‪ ( -‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻫﺎ ﺳﺎ ﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻌﺎ ‪........................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬
‫‪.................................................................. IEC 60534 8-3‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫) ‪ ( -‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺨﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬
‫ﻣ ﻠ ﻤﺘﺮ( ‪.............‬‬ ‫ﺳﻤ )ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫‪ FL2‬ﻟﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺮ ﻮ‬ ‫ﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫) ‪ ( -‬ﻣﻘﺪ ﻣ ﺎﻧ ﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻮ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻮ ﺸﻦ ﺑﺎ ) ‪ ( CV / CV100 = 1‬ﺑﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻧﺸ ﻤﻨ ﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺮ ‪........‬‬ ‫) ‪ ( -‬ﺿﺮ ﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻮﻫﺎ ﺷﺮ ﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ‪..........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺨﺎ‬ ‫) ‪ ( -‬ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻮ ‪.......................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫) ‪ ( -‬ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺮ ﻂ ﺳ ﺎ ‪.................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻐ ﺮ‬ ‫) ‪ ( -‬ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻋ ﻢ ﺧﺘﺼﺎ‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ‪- -‬‬

‫ﺧﺘ ﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺮ ﺳﺲ ﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺘ‬ ‫ﺟﺰ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺨﺎ‬ ‫ﭘ ﺞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﺮ ﺣ‬ ‫ﻦ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻧﻈ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺮ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺧ ﻣﺤﺪ‬
‫ﻞ ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ISA, EN/ISO, Din, VDI, VDMA‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮ‬
‫‪ Calculation and optimization of control valves with two phase and one phase flow at the‬‬
‫‪inlet‬‬
‫‪ Calculation of required actuator forces of glob valves‬‬
‫‪ Cross section area, jacket area, flow velocity, etc.‬‬
‫‪ Determination of requirement power of pump or fan‬‬

‫ﻧﻈ ﺮ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺎ ﻣ ﻫﺪ؛ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﺮ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻃﻼﻋﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻞ ﺧﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻤ ﻦ ﺳﺘﺎ ﻦ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎ ﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔ ﺴ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻞ ﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ ...‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﺳ ﺎ ﻋﺒﻮ ﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻧ ﺴ ﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑ ﺴﺘﻪ ﻫﻤﭽﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘ ﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ ﺸﺎ‬
‫ﻣ ﻧﻤﺎ ﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺑﻪﺧﺼﻮ‬ ‫‪ - -‬ﺷ ﺮ ﻨﺘﺮ ‪ -‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﻬ ﻨﻪﺳﺎ‬

‫ﻨﺘﺮ‬

‫‪ISA‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈ ﺮ ‪ ) IEC 60534 2 1-3‬ﺑ ﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﺎ ﺳﺒﺎ ﻧﺮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺳﺎ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪VDMA 24422‬‬ ‫( ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺻﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫‪IEC 6‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎ ﻫﺎ ﮔﺎ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺳـــﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨ ﻦ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫‪ IEC 60534‬ﻗﺴـــﻤﺖ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﺳـــﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫‪ ISA S75-17 1989‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣ ﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﺰ ﺶ ﻫﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻟ ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎ ﺧﺮ ﺟ‬ ‫ﻧﺮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪ ﺑﺮ‬

‫‪Temprature‬‬

‫‪Pressure‬‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫؛ ﻧﺘﺨﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺼــﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪﺻــﺮﻓﻪ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺷــ ﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ ﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺪ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺸــﺎ ﺻــﻮ‬
‫ﻣ ﻨ ﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎ ﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺗ‬ ‫‪ - - -‬ﺑﺎﻧ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـــﺒﻪ ﺿـــﺮ ﺐ‬ ‫‪%‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫‪Cv‬‬ ‫ﻏ ﺮ ‪ ...‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳـــﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮ ﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻫﺎ‬
‫( ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎ ﺰ ﻟﻮ ‪....‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎ ﺘﻮ ﻧﻮ ﺰ )‬

‫ﺗﻮﻟ ﺪ ﻨﻨﺪ ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻦ ﻧﻮ ﻓﺎ ﺘﻮ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻧﻮ ﺳﻔﺎ‬

‫ﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫‪- - -‬‬

‫ﺳﺘ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺻﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣ ﺗﻮ ﻧ ﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺻﺪ ﻣﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻄ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻋﻼ‬

‫ﻨ ﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻦ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺷ ﻞ ﺗﻮ ﺑﻊ ﺎﺿ‬
‫ﻟﺮ ﺑﻬﺒﻮ ﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺗﻌﻤ ﻢ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻦ ﺗﻮ ﺑﻊ ﻃﺮ ﻖ‬

‫‪ - - -‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﭘﺎ ﻪ‬

‫ﺗﺤﻠ ﻞ ﻗﺮ ﻣ ﮔ ﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎﺑ‬ ‫ﻦ ﭘﺎ ﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ‬

‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮ ﮔﺎ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﻘﺪ ‪ Cv‬ﺳ ﺎﻻ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺎ‬
‫ﻟ ﻪ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺧﺮ ﺟ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎ‬

‫‪Noise‬‬

‫‪Control Valve‬‬

‫‪Globe valve‬‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺻﺪ ﻧﻮ ﺰ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺷﺮ ﻂ ﺧﺮ ﺟ‬

‫ﻨﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺗﺄﺛ ﺮ ﺴ ﻮ ﺘﻪ ﻋﺪ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺄﺛ ﺮ ﺟﺰ ء ﺗﺼﺎﻻ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎ ﺑ ﺶ ﻫﺰ ﻧﻮ ﻣﺤ ﻂ ﭘ ﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺳ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻮ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﮕﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ‬ ‫‪- - -‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻘﺎ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣ ﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﻮ ﻧﺘﺎ ﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺘﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓ‬ ‫ﺧﻮ ﻫ ﻢ ﭘﺮ ﺧﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳــﭙﺲ ﺰ ﺟﺰﺋ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳــﺮﺑﺮ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻦ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬ ‫ﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻠ ﺎ‬

‫ﻦ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺷــ ﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤ ﻂ ﺎﻧﻮ ﺧﻮ ﻫ ﻢ ﭘﺮ ﺧﺖ ﺳــﭙﺲ ﺗﺮ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺧﻮ ﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺗﻔﺼ ﻞ ﺷﺮ‬

‫‪Silencer‬‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻤﺎ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺗﺤﻠ ﻞ ﻓ ﻠﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗ‬

‫ﻗ ﺪ ﻣ ﻨ ﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﺗﮓ ﻣﺤﺼﻮ‬ ‫ﺮ ﺳﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ ﭘﺪ ﺪ ﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺗ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫‪ - -‬ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ‪Medium‬‬

‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎ ﺳ ﺎ‬

‫ﻧﺘﺨﺎ ﺳ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﺟﺪ‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻣﻮ ﻨﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﻮ‬ ‫ﭘﺎ ﮕﺎ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﮔﺎ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮ ﺳـــﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻ ﺳـــ ﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺧﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻮ ﻣﻌﺎ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬
‫ﺮ(‬ ‫ﺳﺘ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎ ﺳ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ‪ ) .‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ‪ Advance‬ﻣ ﺘﻮ ﻓﺮﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﮔﺮ‬
‫ﺘﺎ ﺷ ﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤ ﻂ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ ﺎ ﻋﺒﻮ ﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫؛ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻣ ﺸﺨ ﺼﺎ‬ ‫ﻗ ﺴﻤﺖ ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺪ ﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺗﺤﻠ ﻞ ﻣ ﻨ ﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺳ‬

‫ﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﻘﺴ ﻢ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎ ﻪ ﺳﺎ‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫ﻃﻼﻋﺎ ﻣﻮ ﻧ ﺎ ﺳﺘﺨﺮ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺮ ﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺟﺪ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺟﺴﺎ ﺧﻤ ﺮ ﺷ ﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮ ﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺧﻤ ﺮ ﺎﻏﺬ ﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻮ ﺧﻤ ﺮ ﺷ ﻤ ﺎ‬
‫‪ ‬ﮔﺎ ﻃﺒ ﻌ‬
‫‪ AGA8‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮ ﻖ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺎ ﻃﺒ ﻌ‬
‫‪:AGA8‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﮔﺎ ﻃﺒ ﻌ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﻌ‬ ‫ﮔﺎ ﻃﺒ ﻌ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎ ﻓ ﺰ‬
‫‪AGA8‬‬ ‫ﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﮕﺮ ﮔﺎ ﻫﺎ ﻫ ﺪ ﺮﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﺎ ﻃﺒ ﻌ‬ ‫ﻓﺎ ﺘﻮ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺮ ﻢﭘﺬ ﺮ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮ ﻣﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺮ ﺳﺖ‬ ‫‪ API‬ﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪ ﻣ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻪ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻦ ﻣﺤﺎ ﺳﺒﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺳﻂ ﻓﺎ ﮔﺎ ﻣﺤﺪ ﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻊ ﺎ ﻫﻤﺎ ‪ LNG‬ﻣ ﺗﻮ ﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎ‬
‫‪ GERG 2004‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮ ‪.‬‬

‫‪GERG 2004‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺎ )‪(VLE‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮ ﻧﻪ ﺳــ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻓﻮ ﺑﺤﺮ ﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻓﺎ ﺳــ ﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺮ ﻓﺎ ﮔﺎ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻦ ﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻠﻮ ﻦ ﻓ ﺸﺎ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺑ ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺮ ﻂ ﺗﻄﺒ ﻖ ﺳ ﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻦ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬

‫‪American Gas Association‬‬

‫‪American Petroleum Institute‬‬

‫‪European Gas Research Group‬‬

‫‪vapour-liquid equilibrium‬‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻧﺘﻘﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﻣ ﻞ ﺧﻄﻮ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺎ ﻃﺒ ﻌ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎ ﻻ ﻧﺮﻣﺎ ﺷـــﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﮕﺎ ﭘﺎﺳـــ ﺎ ﺳـــﺖ‪ .‬ﻦ ﻣﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻏ ﺮ ‪....‬‬ ‫ﮔﺎ ﻃﺒ ﻌ‬ ‫ﺧ ﺮ ﺳﺎ‬

‫ﻦﻧﺰ‬ ‫ﺗ ﺮ ﻧ ﻨﺪ؛ ﻫﻤﭽﻮ ﺗﺮ ﻢ ﭘﺬ ﺮ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻪ ﺧﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺗﺮ ﺐ ﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺎ ﻃﺒ ﻌ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺗﻮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮ‬

‫ﺷﺪ ﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺮ ﻦ ﻧﻮ ﮔﺎ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻮ‬ ‫ﺮﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎ ﻧﻤ ﻓﺘﺪ؛ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻄﺒ ﻖ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ ﻫﺎ‬

‫‪GERG 2004‬‬ ‫‪AGA8‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫) ‪ ( -‬ﺳ ﺎﻻ ﭘ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬

‫ﺮﭘ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻪ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻪ ﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﻢ ﻪ ﻣ ﺗﻮ ﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺳ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳ ﺎ ﻣ ﭘﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫‪ ‬ﮔﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳ ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻊ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .‬ﺷﺮ ﻂ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮ ﻂ ﺑﺨﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﮔﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳ ﺎ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮ ﻂ ﮔﺎ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﮔﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳ ﺎ ‪،‬‬
‫‪ .‬ﺷﺮ ﻂ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺷﺒﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﮔﺮ ﺳ ﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕ ﺮ ﻢ‬ ‫ﮔﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪ - - -‬ﮔﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻊ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳ ﺎ ؛ ﻣﺎ ﻊ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻮ ﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎ ﺑﺤﺮ ﻧ ﻣ ﺗﻮ ﻧ ﻢ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﻧﻮ ﺳ ﺎ‬

‫ﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﺮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺣﺠﻤ ﺑﻪ ﻦ ﺻﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬

‫=‬ ‫)‪( -‬‬

‫ﻧﺮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺟﺮﻣ ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺣﺠﻤ‬ ‫ﻪ‬

‫ﻧﺮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺟﺮﻣ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺑﻄﻪ ﺮ ﺧﻮ ﻫ ﻢ ﺷﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬

‫=‬ ‫∗‬ ‫)‪( -‬‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﺑ ﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺎ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺸﺎ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﺎ ﺑ ﺮ‬

‫ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺒ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺮ ﺎ ﺎ ﺑ ‪،‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﺳ ﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺮ‬

 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫‪( , ):‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﺴ ﺘﻪ ﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺴﺘﮕ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬

‫‪ - - -‬ﮔﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺨﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨ ﺑﺨﺎ ﺷـــﺒﺎ ﺳـــ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺰ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺨﺎ ﻣ ﺗﻮ ﻧﺪ ﻤ ﺷـــﺒ ﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎ ﻣﺎﻓﻮ ﮔﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺨﺼﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﺴ ﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻣ ﻨﺪ ﻪ ﻣ ﺗﻮ ﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻ ﺎ ﮔﺎ ﺪ‬
‫ﺷﻮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻂ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳ ﺎ ﺑﺨﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﺧﻮ ﻫ ﻢ ﺷﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ؛ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮ ﻣ ﺎ ﻧﺮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺟﺮﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎ ﻻ ﺣﺎ ﻢ ﺑﺮ‬

‫=‬ ‫∗‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫∗‬ ‫)‪( -‬‬

‫ﻣ ﻠ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻ ℃‬ ‫ﺳﺖ ﻪ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫‪ n‬ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬

‫ﻣ ﮔﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺷ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺎ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﺸﺎ ﺑﺨﺎ ﺷ ‪ ،‬ﺪ ﺪ‬ ‫ﺎﺑﺪ ﺎ ﻤ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺎﻫ‬ ‫ﻟ ﺗﺎ ﺸﺎ ﺑﺨﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﮔﺎ ﺸﺎ ﻣﺎ‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣ ﻪ ﺑﺤﺮ ﻧ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻤﻮ‬

‫ﻧ ﺰ ﺧﻮ ﻫ ﻢ ﺷﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﺮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺣﺠﻤ‬

‫ﻗﺖ ﺳ ﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻊ ﺑ ﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ ﺎ ﺑﺨﺎ ﺎ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﺮﻓﺎً ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻦ ﻣﻌﺎ ﻻ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺧﻮ ﻫﺪ ﺑﻮ ‪.‬‬

‫∗‬ ‫∗‬ ‫∗ ∗‬
‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫∗‬ ‫=‬ ‫∗ ∗‬
‫)‪( -‬‬

‫ﺑﻄﻪ ﻓﻮ ‪ = P :‬ﻓﺸﺎ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻪ‬

‫‪ = T‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻠﻮ ﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ) ‪( ,‬‬ ‫‪ = n‬ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫= ‪mbar‬‬

‫‪/‬‬ ‫= ‪°K‬‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻧﻮ ﮔﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫‪ - - -‬ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳ ﺎ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳ ﺎ ﮔﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻣﻮﻟ ﻮﻟ ‪ ،‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎ ﮔﺰ ﻨﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮ ﻌﻨ )ﭼﮕﺎﻟ ﻧ ﺴﺒ ؛‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻮ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺨﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ﻓﻮ ﺑﺮ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎ ﺮ ﻓﻮ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﺪ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺎ ﻫﺎ ﺧﺸ ( ﺳﺘﻔﺎ ﻣ ﻨ ﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴ ﺘﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﻧ ﮔﺎ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮ ﻒﺷﺪ ؛ﺗﻤﺎ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ ﺗ ﻤ ﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺧﻮ ﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺷﺮ ﻂ ﮔﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺸـــﺎ‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷـــﺮ ﻂ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺳـــ ﺘﺎ ﻧﺪ‬ ‫)‪ (DIN 1343‬ﭼ ﮕﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﺳـــ ﺘﺎ ﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺧﻮ ﻫ ﻢ ﺷﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ ﺎ ﻣﺒ ﺎ ﻣﺮ‬ ‫‪،‬ﺳ ﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﮕﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺒ‬ ‫ﺸﺎ ﻣ ﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺒﺎ ﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ ﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭼﮕﺎﻟ ﺳ ﺎ ﻣﺒ ﺎ‬ ‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺒﺎ‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺮ ﮔﺮ ﻪ ﻣ ﺷ ‪.‬ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ℃‬ ‫ﮔﺎ ﻫﺎ ﻫ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫℃‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺎ ﺗﻘﺮ ﺒﺎً ﻫﻤ ﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻣ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪ‪.‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﺒ ﺎ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫)‪(DIN 1343‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟ )ﺧﺸ (‬ ‫) ‪ ( -‬ﻣﻘﺎ ﺮ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬

‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟ ﻧﺴﺒ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫) ‪ ( -‬ﻣﻘﺎ ﺮ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬

‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺟﺮ ﻣﻮﻟ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻪ ﻓﺎ ﻧﻬﺎ ﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺎ ﺳﺒﺎ‬ ‫‪ /‬ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺮ ﻂ ﻧﺮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻧ ﺴ ﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺟﺎ ﮕﺰ ﻦ ﻣ ﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴ ﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼ ﺣﺠﻢ؛ ﺟﺮ ﺗﺎﺑﻌ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﺮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺴ ﺎ ﻗ ﻖ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑ ﺟﺮﻣ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻧ ﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻣ ﻨﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻂ ﺮ ﭘ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬

‫‪q‬‬ ‫)‪( -‬‬

‫= ‪=q ∗ρ‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫∗‬

‫ﺳﺘﻔﺎ ﻣ ﻨ ﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺣﺠﻤ‬ ‫ﺮ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻪ‬

‫(‬ ‫) ∗‬
‫)‪( -‬‬
‫∗‬ ‫∗ ∗ ‪.‬‬
‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫∗ ∗‬

‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺮ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨ ﺑﺨﺎ ﺷــﺒﺎ ﺑﺨﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺨﺎ ﻫﺎ ﻣ ﺗﻮ ﻧﻨﺪ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺨﺎ ﻫﺎ ﺳــﻮﭘﺮﻫ ﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﻪ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻔﺎ ﻣ ﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮ ﻧ ﻦ ﮔﺎ ﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﺎ ﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ ﻢ ﻟﻮﻫﺎ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ ﻣ ﻨ ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮ ﻖ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻤ ﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﻫﻤ ﺸﻪ ﻣﻮ ﺳﺨﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻮﻻ ﺿﺪ ﻧﮓ ﺿﻌ ﻒﺗﺮ ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻃﻤ ﻨﺎ ﻧ ﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎﺑﺪ ﺎ ﻟﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮ ﻧﺪﮔ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻂ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ ﻣ ﻨ ﻢ‪...‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻤ ﻧ ﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﺮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺟﺮﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺷﺮ ﻂ ﺎ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺨﺎ ﮔﺎ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻣﻨﻮ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬

‫ﻟﻮ ﻣﻮ ﺑﺮ ﺳ ﻗﺮ ﻣ ﻫ ﻢ‪ ،‬ﺻﻠ ﺗﺮ ﻦ ﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺮ ﺟ ﻣﺮﺑﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻦ ﻗ ﺴﻤﺖ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ‬

‫‪PipeLine‬‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﭘﺎ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻟﻮ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ ﺰ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﻔ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎ ﺰ‬

‫ﻟﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺧ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺰ ﻨﻪ ﺗﺴﺎ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺗ‬

‫ﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻤ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﺑﻪ ﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺳﺖ ﻪ ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﺎ ﺗ‬ ‫ﻪ ﮔﺮ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﻃﻮ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺎﻻ (‪ .‬ﮔﺮ ﺗﺼﺎﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺳﺖ ﺎ ﭘﺎ ﻦ ﺳﺖ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣ ﮔﺮ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣ ﺷﻮ )ﺑﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻦﺗ‬

‫ﻠ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ )‪(pipeline‬‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻤﺎ‬

‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫‪ - - -‬ﺳﺎ ﺰ ﻨﮓ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺖ‬

‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻤ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺖ ﻟﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬

‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﮕﺮ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺮ ﻒ ‪ :DN‬ﻌﻨ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻧﺎﻣ ) ‪. ( Diameter Nominal‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ ‪DN‬‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳ ﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻼً ‪ DN 50‬ﻫﻤﺎ ‪ NPS 2‬ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣ ﻠ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑ ﺎ ﻣ‬
‫ﻪﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ASME B16.5‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺮ ﺑﻄﻪ ﺑ ﻦ ‪ DN NPS‬ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫‪ASME B16.5‬‬ ‫‪ NPS‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫‪DN‬‬ ‫) ‪ ( -‬ﺑﻄﻪ ﺑ ﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬

‫ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﺑﺎﺿــﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺳــﺖ ﻪ‬ ‫‪ :Schedule‬ﺷــﻤﺎ ‪ Sch‬ﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑ ﺸــﺘﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﻠ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺿــﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺷــﻤﺎ ‪ Sch‬ﺑﺰ‬
‫ﻣﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺪﻫﺎ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮ ﻫﺪ ﺑﻮ ‪ .‬ﻋﺪ ﺳ ﺠﻮ ) ‪ ( Sch.No‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑ ﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻣﻮ‬ ‫) ‪( ANSI‬ﺑﺮ‬

‫= ‪Sch. No‬‬ ‫‪× P/S‬‬ ‫)‪( -‬‬

‫ﻦ ﺑﻄﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻪ‬

‫) ﻓﺸﺎ ﺳﺮ ﺲ( ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ‪Psi‬‬ ‫ﺮﺣ‬ ‫‪ :P‬ﻓﺸﺎ‬

‫‪ :S‬ﺗﻨﺶ ﺗﺴﻠ ﻢ ﻣﻮ ﺳﺎ ﻧﺪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ) ﻣﻘﺪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺠﺎ ( ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ‪Psi‬‬

‫ﺪ ‪ ASME B31‬ﺣﺪ ﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻠ ﺳ ﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺸ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺮﻓ ﺖ ﻓﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻘ ﻘﺖ ﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻮ ﻧ ﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣ ﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺖ ﻣﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺳ ﺠﻮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌ ﻦ ﻣ ﻧﻤﺎ ﺪ‪ .‬ﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺖ ﻣﺪ‬
‫ﻮ ﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫ﺪ ‪، ، ، ، ، ، ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺪ ﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻮ‬
‫ﻗﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ ‪ ANSI / ASME B36.10M‬ﻣﻮ ﺳﺘ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺪ ﻧﺪ ﻪ ﺣﺮ ‪ S‬ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫‪، ،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ ‪ ANSI/ASME B36.19M‬ﺪ ﺳ ﺠﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻮ‬
‫ﺪ ﺳ ﺠﻮ ﻣﻌﺮ ﻦ ﺳﺖ ﻪ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺳﺘﻨﻠﺲ ﺳﺘ ﻞ ) ﻓﻮﻻ ﺿﺪ ﻧ ( ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺟﺪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑ ﺸﺘﺮ ﺧﻮ ﻫﺪ ﺑﻮ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ‪ Sch‬ﺑﺰ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺘ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎ ‪ Sch‬ﻪ‬
‫ﻨﭻ ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻄﻪ ‪ Sch‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ " ﺑﺎ ‪ Sch=80‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻨﭻ ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ” ﺑﺎ ‪Sch=40‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮ ﻣ ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺪ ﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﺪ ﺳ ﺠﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﻗﺖ ﺷﺖ ﻪ ﻣﻤ ﻦ ﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻗﻄﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻦ ﻣﻌ ﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺳ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺘ ﺎ‬

‫)‬ ‫ﺪ ﺳ ﺠﻮ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎ ﺳﻤ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﻣ ﺎ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻌﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﺘ ﺎ ﺗ‬
‫)‬ ‫ﺪ ﺳ ﺠﻮ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎ ﺳﻤ‬ ‫‪ /‬ﻣ ﻠ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫( ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ‬
‫‪ /‬ﻣ ﻠ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫( ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ‬

‫‪ ‬ﺗﻌﺮ ﻒ ‪: NPS‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ )ﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﺑ ﺎ ﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻔﻒ ‪ Nominal Pipe Size‬ﻌﻨ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻧﺎﻣ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻨﭻ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﺎ ﺟ‬ ‫ﻗﺘ ﻣ ﮔﻮ ﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪ NPS 2‬ﻣﻨﻈﻮ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﭻ( ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮ ﻣ ﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪ NPS‬ﺧﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ ﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﺎ ﺟ ﺑﺰ‬ ‫ﻪ ﺗﺎ ‪ NPS 12‬ﻧﺪ ﮔﺬ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ NPS‬ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ) ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮ ﻣ ﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎ‬ ‫‪ NPS 14‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﺎ ﺟ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪SCH‬‬ ‫‪ (.‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﻠ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﭻ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ‪ NPS 14‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﺎ ﺟ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻣ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﺎ ﺗﺼﺎ ﻓﻠﻨﺠ ﻧ ﺰ ﻫﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣ ﮔﺮ ‪ NPS .‬ﻧﺸﺎ ﻫﻨﺪ ﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺮ ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻼﻧﭻ ) ‪( Flange Facing‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎﻻ ﻓﻼﻧﭻ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﺎ ‪( RF Flg ) Raised Face‬‬ ‫‪ .‬ﺻﻮ‬
‫ﺎ ‪( FF Flg ) Flat Face‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﺻﻮ‬
‫ﺎ ‪( RTJ Flg ) Ring-Type Joint Face‬‬ ‫ﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺷﺎ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﺻﻮ‬
‫ﻦ ﺗﺼﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ ﺷ ﻞ ﺮ ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻮ ﺗﺼﺎﻻ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ‬

 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻔﺎ ﻗﺮ ﻣ ﮔ ﺮﻧﺪ ﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻫﺎ ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﻨﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﮕﺮ ﻧ ﺰ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻼ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺼﻼ ﻓﻼﻧﭻ‬
:‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺮ ﺢ ﻧﻬﺎ ﻣ ﭘﺮ‬
( Butt-Weld End ) BWE 
( Socket-Weld End ) SWE 
( National Pipe Thread) NPT 
( Female National Pipe Thread) FNPT 
Wafer 
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎﻻ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬

‫ﺑﻨﺪ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺖ ﻟﻮ) ‪:( Nominal Pressure‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬

‫ﺳ ﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﺰ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ﻪ ﻧﺸﺎ ﻫﻨﺪ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺗﻘﺮ ﺒ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ ﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺪ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ Class‬ﻋﻼﻣﺘ‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺸ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ‪ Bar‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺖ ﻪ ﺑﻄﻪ ﻧﺴﺒ ﺑ ﻦ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻫﺎ ‪ PN‬ﺟﻮ ﻧﺪ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟ ﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻫﺎ ‪ Class‬ﺑﺎﻫﻢ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻄﻪ ﺑ ﻦ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺮ ﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ API 6D‬ﻟﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ Class PN‬ﻣﺸﺨ‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎ ﺳﻤ‬ ‫‪ANSI‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻼ ﺑﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﺑﻄﻪ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪ ‪ Class‬ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺪ‬ ‫‪ API 6D‬ﻇﺮﻓ ﺖ ﻣﺎ‪-‬ﻓﺸﺎ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫‪ ASME B16.34‬ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻇﺮﻓ ﺖ ﻣﺎ‪-‬ﻓﺸﺎ ﻟﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪ ‪ PN‬ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻇﺮﻓ ﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻓﺸﺎ ﻫﺎ ﻃﺮ ﺣ ﺣﺪ ﺳﻂ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺳﻔﺎ‬ ‫‪ EN 1092-1‬ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻣ ﻨ ﻤﻢ‬ ‫ﺎﺑ ﺧﻄ ﺗﻌ ﻦ ﮔﺮ ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮ ﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺰ ﻤﻢ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‪ -‬ﻓﺸﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﻃﺮ ﻖ‬
‫ﮔﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧ ﻢ ﭘﻠ ﺖ ﺗﺠﻬ ﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺪ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺰ ﻤﻢ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺳﺖ ﻟﻮ ﻪ ﻃ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﺳﺎ ﺰ ﻨﮓ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺖ ﻣ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﺎ ﺟ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻮ‬
‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﻠ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺳﺖ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫‪ - - -‬ﺳﺎ ﺰ ﻨﮓ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﭘﺎ ﻦ ﺳﺖ‬

‫ﻧﺠﺎ ﻣ ﻫ ﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﭘﺎ ﻦ ﺳﺖ ﻧ ﺰ ﺗﻤﺎﻣ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬

‫ﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻮﺗﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺗﺄﺛ ﺮ ﺗﺼﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻤ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﭘﺎ ﻦ ﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺪ ﮔ ﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤ ﺗﻮ ﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺗ ﺼﺎﻻ ﺧﻮ ﻫﺪ ﺑﻮ ‪ ،‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ ﺼﺎﻻ ﻣ ﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪ؛ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺎ ﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻘﺪ ‪ Cv‬ﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮ ﻣﻘﺪ ‪Cv‬‬

‫ﻞ ﻟﺨﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻣ ﺎ ﭘﺬ ﺮ ﻧﺨﻮ ﻫﺪ ﺑﻮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳ ﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﻮ ﺰ‬ ‫ﺷــﻮ ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺣ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺳــ ﺒﻞ ﺗﺨﺼــ ﺺ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ﺧ ﻠ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﮔﺮ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﻧﻮ ﺰ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬
‫ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻋﻼ ﺑﺮ‬
‫‪DIN‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺳﻤ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﭘﺎ ﻦ ﺳﺖ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﺧﻮﺑ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺳﻤ ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻪ‬ ‫‪ ANSI‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻤ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﺸﺎ ﻧﻮ ﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺎ ﻖ ﻧﻮ ﺰ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﭘﺎ ﻦ ﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺟﺪ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﭘﺎ ﻦ ﺳﺖ )‪: (Do‬‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﺎ ﺟ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬
‫ﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻤ‬ ‫ﺳﺘ ﻞ ﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮ ‪) DIN 2448‬ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬
‫(‬ ‫ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻤ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺟﻮﺷ ﺎ‬ ‫‪) DIN 2458‬ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮ ﺳﺖ( ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫) ‪ ( -‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﺮ ﺟ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ ﻫﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻤ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫) ‪ ( -‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﺮ ﺟ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻨﭻ ﻣ ﻠ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ ﻫﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻤ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬

 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﺷﻮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﺳﺎ ﺰ ﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻗﻌ‬
‫‪Do‬‬ ‫ﺳﺖ ﮔﺮ ﻣﻘﺎ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪ ﺑﺤﺮ ﻧ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﭘﺎ ﻦ ﺳﺖ ﻟﻮ‪ Di :‬ﻪ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﻗﻄﺮ‬
‫ﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷ ﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺘ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺧﻮ ﻫﺪ ﺑﻮ ‪:‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫)‪( -‬‬

‫ﺋﻪﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﻣﻘﺎ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪ ﻫ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺮ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻤ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﭘﺎ ﻦ ﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺧﺮ ﺟ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮ ﺗﺎﺑﻌ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻮ‬

‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎ‬ ‫‪- -‬‬

‫ﺧﻮ ﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳ ﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪﺗﻔﺼ ﻞ ﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬

‫ﻫﺪ ﻪ ﺷــ ﺮ ﻨﺘﺮﻟ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻨﺘﺮ ﻣﻌ ﺎ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳــ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺨﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺣﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻦ ﻣ ﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳ ﺴﺘﻢ ﭘﺎﻻ ﺸﮕﺎﻫ ﺑﻬ ﻨﻪ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪ ‪ Cv 100‬ﻔ ﺖ ﻣ ﺸﺨ ﺼﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ ﺎ ؛ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺪ ﻗﻞ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺷﺮ ﻂ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻔ ﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪Cv 100‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪ ﻫ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺗﺮ ﻦ ﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤ ﻢ ﻣﻄﻤ ﻦ‬
‫ﻫﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﮕﺮ ﻓﺎ ﺘﻮ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺖ ﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﻌ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮ‬
‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺮ ﺖ ﺧﻄ‬ ‫ﺻﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎ ﺳﺒﺎ ﻫﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻨﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮ ﻓ ﺸﺎ ﺻﺪ ﻣ ﺘﻮ ﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳ ﻠﻪ‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪ IEC 60534‬ﻓ ﺼﻞ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ‪ %‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺎ ﻻ ﻗﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﺮﺧ ﺸ‬ ‫ﻪ‬
‫ﻣ ﺷﻮ ‪.‬‬

‫‪Plant System‬‬

‫‪Sound pressure level‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫‪.‬‬

‫ﻲ‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫‪.٤‬‬

‫)‪(Cv‬‬ ‫‪.٥‬‬
‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫‪.٦‬‬
‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪(Pv1) t1‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫ﻲ‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫)‪(t2,p2‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪. ٤‬‬
‫‪. ٥‬‬
‫ﻲ‬ ‫‪. ٦‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪. ٤‬‬

‫ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻠ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻤﺎ‬

 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ ﺼ ﻞ ﭘﺎ ﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ - - -‬ﺷﺮ‬

‫ﻓﻮ ﺧﻮ ﻫ ﻢ ﭘﺮ ﺧﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺼ ﻞ ﺷﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻫ ﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﻣﻘﺪ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﺮ ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪ IEC 60534‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎ ﺳﻨﺞ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﻓﺸﺎ ﻣﻄﻠ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺖ ﻟﻮ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﻗﻌ ﺖ ﭘ ﺸﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻤ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ؛‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﺳﺖ ﻟﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﺗﻌﺒ ﻪ ﮔﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴ ﺮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻧ ﺰ‬ ‫ﺴﻮ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨ ﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻠ ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ .‬ﻓﺸﺎ ﻣﻄﻠ ﭘﺎ ﻦ ﺳﺖ ﻟﻮ‪ P2 :‬ﻧ ﺰ ﻓﺸﺎ ﭘﺎ ﻦ ﺳﺖ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻮ ﻗﺮ ﺑﮕ ﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻤ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎ ﺳﻨﺞ ﺑﺎ ﺪ‬

‫ﺳﺖ ﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪ ﻋﺪ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ‪ : ( Valve sizing coefficient ) Cv :‬ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﺳﺎ ﺰ ﻨﮓ ﻟﻮ‪،‬‬

‫ﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ‪ psi‬ﻋﺒﻮ ﺧﻮ ﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮ ﺟ‬ ‫ﻗ ﻘﻪ ﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ ﮔﺎﻟﻦ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺖ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻨ ﻪ ﻟﻮ ﺎﻣﻼ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺖ ﺗﻌ ﻦ ﻣ ﮔﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻦ ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ Cv‬ﻓﺮﻣﻮ‬

‫( ∆‬ ‫)‬ ‫)‪( -‬‬

‫‪or‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫∆‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫ﻪ‬
‫‪psi‬‬ ‫∆ ‪ :‬ﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺳﺘﺎﺗ‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬

‫ﺑ ﻦ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺳﺖ ﭘﺎ ﻦ ﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪. psi‬‬ ‫∆ ‪ :‬ﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺳﺘﺎﺗ‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬

‫)ﭼﮕﺎﻟ ( ﺳ ﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪. lb/ft3‬‬ ‫‪ :‬ﺟﺮ ﻣﺨﺼﻮ‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪. lb/ft3‬‬ ‫‪ :‬ﺟﺮ ﻣﺨﺼﻮ‬
‫‪ :‬ﺑ ﺣﺠﻤ ﺳ ﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﮔﺎﻟﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻗ ﻘﻪ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ ﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻣﺘﺮﻣ ﻌﺒ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮ ‪ Kv‬ﺑ ﺎ ﻣ ﺷﻮ‬ ‫ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ ﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﺑ ﻦ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺖ ﻓ ﺸﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ‪ bar‬ﻋﺒﻮ ﺧﻮ ﻫﺪ ﺮ ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮ ﻪ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮ ﺟ‬
‫ﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣ ﮔﺮ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺖ ﻫﺎ ‪ Kv‬ﻓﺮﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘ ﮔﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫) ‪( -‬‬
‫( ∆‬ ‫)‬
‫‪Or‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫∆‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫ﻪ‬
‫‪Pa‬‬ ‫∆ ‪ :‬ﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺳﺘﺎﺗ‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬

‫ﺑ ﻦ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺳﺖ ﭘﺎ ﻦ ﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪. Pa‬‬ ‫∆‪ :‬ﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺳﺘﺎﺗ‬

‫ﺳ ﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪. Kg/m3‬‬ ‫‪ :‬ﺟﺮ ﻣﺨﺼﻮ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪. Kg/m3‬‬ ‫‪ :‬ﺟﺮ ﻣﺨﺼﻮ‬
‫‪ :‬ﺑ ﺣﺠﻤ ﺳ ﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮﻣ ﻌﺐ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
‫‪Cv = 1.16 Kv‬‬ ‫ﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪ ﻞ ‪Cv Kv‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬

‫ﻣ ﻨﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺮﭘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎﻻ ﺳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪ ‪Cv‬‬

‫) ‪( -‬‬

‫ﻨﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮﭘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺰ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎﻻ ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪ‬

‫) ‪( -‬‬

‫‪ Cv‬ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫‪ GPM (US) Kv‬ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﮔ ﺮ ﻧ ﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ m3/hr‬ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺮ ﮔﻤ‬ ‫ﺗﻌ ﻦ ﻧﺮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮ ﺟﻠﻮﮔ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻗ ﻖ ﺗﺮ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﻧﺮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺟﺮﻣ ‪qm :‬‬

‫ﺣﺠﻢ )ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ ( ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋ ﺧﻮ ﻫﺪ ﺑﻮ ؛ ﻪ ﻣ ﺗﻮ ﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬

‫ﻨﺪ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣ‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻋﺒﺎ ﺗﺴﺖ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﻂ ﺣﺎ ﻢ‬

‫) ‪( -‬‬

‫‪ :‬ﻫﺮﮔﺎ ﻓﺸﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻊ ﺧﻞ ﻟﻮ ﺗﺎ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺑﺨﺎ ﺎﻫﺶ ﺎﺑﺪ ﺎ ﻤﺘﺮ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺑﺨﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻣ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﺴ ﻮ ﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻊ ﺷ ﻞ ﻣ ﮔ ﺮ ‪ .‬ﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎ ﺗ ﺗﻌﺮ ﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺎ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻮ ﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮ ‪،‬ﭘﺪ ﺪ ﻓﻠ ﺸ ﻨﮓ‬
‫ﻣﻌ ﻨ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎ ﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺨﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺳﻄﺢ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ﻪ ﻦ ﺑﺨﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎ ﺑﺨﺎ ‪:‬ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺟﺰﺋ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻊ ﺑﺴﺘﮕ‬ ‫ﻓﺎ ﺘﻮ ﻣﺎﻫ ﺖ ﻃﺒ ﻌﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﻦ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺎ‬
‫ﻨﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺴ ﻮ ﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳ ﻨﻤﺎﺗ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪ ﻞ ﺴ ﻮ ﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻪ‬

‫=‪μ‬‬ ‫∗‬ ‫) ‪( -‬‬

‫ﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧ ﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻦ ﺻﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬

‫= ∗‬ ‫∗‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫ﻫﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺧﻮ ﻫﺪ ﺑﻮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺎ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﺮ ﺐ‬

‫)‪(Pas‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻣ‬ ‫) ‪ ( -‬ﻣﻘﺎ ﺮ ﺴ ﻮ ﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫℃‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﺴ ﻮ ﺘﻪ‬ ‫) ‪( -‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬

 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫‪mbar‬‬ ‫℃‬ ‫ﺷﺮ ﻂ ﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺎ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺨﺎ‬ ‫ﺴ ﻮ ﺘﻪ ﻨﺎﻣ‬ ‫) ‪( -‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬

‫ﺴ ﻮ ﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ ﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﻣﻤ ﻦ ﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬

‫ﻧﺘﺎ ﺞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ‪ CV‬ﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘ ﺶ ﻓﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎ ﺞ ﺑﺪﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻨﻮﻟﺪ ﭘﺎ ﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ ﻫﺎ ‪ IEC 60534 2-1‬ﻧﺠﺎ ﻣ ﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮ ﺴ ﻮ ﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ ﺧﻮ ﺎ ﺻﻼﺣﺎﺗ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﺰ ﮔﺘﺮ ‪pas‬‬ ‫ﺑﺰ ﮔﺘﺮ )‪ * m2 /s (cSt‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﺎ ﻨ ﻪ ﺴ ﻮ ﺘﻪ ﻨﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ ﻨﻤﺎﺗ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪ ‪ CV‬ﻣﺎ ﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺲ ﻫﺎ ﻪ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘ ﺎ ﻟﮕﺎ ﺘﻤ ﺗﻌ ﻦ ﻣ ﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﻨﻮﻟﺪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺻـــﻼ ‪ FR‬ﻧﺮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ‪ FR‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻨﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﺰ ﮔﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺸﻮ‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺳﺪ ﻣﻤ ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎ ﺮ ‪ Cv < 1‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ﻪ ﻨﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺴ ﻮ ﺘﻪ ﻓﺰ ﺶ ﺻﻄ ﺎ‬

‫ﺷﻮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻤ ﻦ ﺳﺖ ﻪ ﺣﺘ ﭘﺮ ﻓ ﻞ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ ﻧﺘﺎ ﺞ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺪ؛ ﺗﻤﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻮﭼ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺮ ﺴ ﻮ ﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻼ ﺧﻮ ﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺘﻪ ﺧﻮ ﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮ ﻂ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬
‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺮ ﻟﻮ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻌﺎ‬ ‫‪CV<0.05‬‬ ‫ﺿﻌ ﻒ ) ﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺗﺎﺛ ﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺎ ﻫ ﺪ ﻟ‬
‫ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﺗ ﺼﺤ ﺢ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬ ‫‪IEC 60534-2-‬‬ ‫ﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫(‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮ‬ ‫ﮔﺎ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺨﺎ‬ ‫‪ CV<0.008‬ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺎ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻧ ﺰ ﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺻﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻔﺎ ﻗﺮ ﻣ ﮔ ﺮ ‪ .‬ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻨﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﺴ ﻮ ﺘﻪ ﺳ ﻨﻤﺎﺗ‬
‫ﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮ ﺎ ﻦ ﺣﺪ ﺗﺒﺪ ﻞ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻟﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ‬

‫ﺳ ﺎﻻ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺳ ﺎﻟ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ‪ t‬ﻓﺸﺎ ‪ p‬ﻗﺮ‬ ‫‪ρ‬؛‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﭼﮕﺎﻟ‬
‫ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺎﺑ ﺲ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﮕﺮ ﺳ ﺎﻻ ﺛﻮ ﺑﺖ ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺎ ﻻ ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴ ﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻣ ﺴﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ ﺗﻮ ﺳﻂ ﻫﺎﻧ ﻨ ﺴﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ﺣﻞ ﺎ ﺿ‬ ‫ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ ﻣﻮﺟﻮ ﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ؛‬
‫ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺎ ﻨ ﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎ ﺑ ﻦ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺴ ﺎ‬ ‫‪%‬‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎ ﺳﺖ ﺗﻔﺎ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﺷﺮ ﻣﺮ‬
‫ﻓ ﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ ﺎ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮ ﺣ ﺴﺐ ﻣﺤﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤ ﻦ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻧ ﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺤﺖ ﺳﻨﺠ ﻧﺘﺎ ﺞ ﺧﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣ ﮕ ﺮ ﻢ ﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺘ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ ﺎ ﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺘ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬

‫‪R. W. Hankinson‬‬

‫‪G. H. Thomson‬‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮ ﻧ ﻢ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻨ ﻢ ) ﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﺸﮕﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺎ ﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺘ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺳﺎ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮ ﻦ ﺧﻮ‬
‫ﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ(‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤ ﻢ‬ ‫ﻦ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ ﮔﺴﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ‬
‫ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪ ﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ ﻪ ﺻﻠ ﺗﺮ ﻦ ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺮﻧﺰ‬ ‫ﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬
‫‪ kg/m3‬ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻧﺴ ﻮ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫) ‪ ( -‬ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬

‫‪University of the ruhr in bochum‬‬

 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺴ ﺘﻪ ﺳ ﺎﻻ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫) ‪ ( -‬ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬

‫ﻟﻮ ﺷﻨ ﺪ ﻣ ﺷﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮ ﺰ ﻟﻮ‪ :‬ﻃﺮ ﻖ ﻦ ﭘﺎ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﻮ ﺰ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﺳﻄ ﺻﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻫﺎ ﺧﺮ ﺟ‬ ‫ﻧ ﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳ ﺒﻞ )‪ dB(A‬ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ) .‬ﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻨ ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣ ﻨﺪ ﻪ ﺣﺪ‬
‫(‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺧﺮ ﺟ ﮔﺎ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺨﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻮ ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﺮ ﺟ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻤ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﻌ‬ ‫ﻪ ﻧﺘﺨﺎ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ‪ :‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬
‫ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺳ ﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺻﻮ ﻣ ﺒﺎ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻪ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺷﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗ ﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﺮ ﺟ‬
‫ﺷﻮ‬ ‫ﺪ‪ .‬ﺳ ﺐ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺎ ﺷ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺧﻮ ﺳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ﻓ ﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﺘ ﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺪﻫﺪ ﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺪ ﺑﺴ ﺎ ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ )ﭘﺪ ﺪ ﻓﻠﺸ ﻨﮓ( ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ﻓﺸﺮ ﺷﺪ ﺑﺨﺎ ﺷﺒﺎ‬
‫ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳ ﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻧ ﺰ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺮ ﻧﺸﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗ ﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﺗﻼﻓﺎ‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﻌﺎ‬ ‫) ‪ ( -‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻫﺎ ﺳﺎ ﮔﺎ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬

‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﭼﻮ‬ ‫ﺎﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬

‫‪ ‬ﺗﻮﺻ ﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪m/s‬‬ ‫ﺎ ﺘﺎﺳ ﻮ ﻫﺎ ﺷﺪ ﺪ ﻧ ﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻟ ﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﻤﺘﺮ ‪ m/s‬ﺑﺎ ﺎ ﺘﺎﺳ ﻮ‬
‫ﺮ ﻣﺪ ﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻪ‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫‪IEC 60534 8-3‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺎ‬ ‫) ‪ ( -‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺨﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬

‫‪ ‬ﺗﻮﺻ ﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪Ma‬‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎ‬ ‫‪Ma‬‬ ‫ﮔﺎ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﺮ ﺟ‬
‫ﺳ ﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺻﻮ‬ ‫ﻨﻨﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺪ ﺑ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﺖ ﻪ ﺑ ﺎ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺗﻌﺮ ﻒ ﻋﺪ ﻣﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺻﻮ‬ ‫ﻪ ﻧﺰ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺴﻤ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎ ﺳ ﺎ ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺻﻮ ﻧ ﺰ‬ ‫ﮔﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺘﻔﺎ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ‪ .‬ﻋﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑ ﺴﺘﮕ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺻﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮ ﺖ ﻣ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﮔﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮ‬

‫ﭘﺎ ﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻠ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮ ﻧﺘ ﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﭼﺮﺧ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺣﺮ ﺖ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣ ﺸﻮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﻧﻤﺎ ﺶ‬
‫)‪f (Cv/Cv100‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮ ﺗﺎﺑﻌ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪ ﻞ ﺷـــﺪ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﭽﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤ ﻦ ﺷـــ ﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎ ﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺧﺎ‬
‫ﺧﻮ ﻫ ﻢ ﺷﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗ ﺼﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻧﺎ ﺷ‬ ‫ﭽﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ )‪ xFz (P) FL² (P) ،XT (P‬ﭘ ﺴﻮﻧﺪ ‪ P‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻣ ﮕﻮ ﺪ ﻪ ﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻼ‬ ‫ﭘﺎ ﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﮔ ﺮ ﻗﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻨ ﻪ ﻣﻘﺪ ﻧﺪ‬ ‫)‪ xFz (P‬ﺻــﺤ ﺢ ﻧ ﺴــﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﮔ ﺮ ﺷــﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕ ﺮ ﻢ‪ .‬ﻌﻨ ﻣﻘﺪ ﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻧ ﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺖ ﺳﻨﺠ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺘﻤﺎ‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻣﻮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻏ ﺮ ﺷﻔﺘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎ ﮔﺬ ﻧﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺘﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﻧﻮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬

‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻨﻮﻟﺪ ﺎ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫‪ IEC 60534-2‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﺻﺤ ﺢ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺎ ﺧﻤ ﺮ ﺗﺼﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻮ ﭘﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺨﺐ ﺳ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻮ‬ ‫ﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻦ ﻧﺘ ﺠﻪ ﺳ ﺪ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻼ ﺑﺮ ﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﺮ ﻧﺮ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧ ﺰ ﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﺮ ﻂ ﺳ ﺎ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺳ ﺐ ﻫﺎ ﻣ ﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻧﻤﺎ ﺶ ﻣ ﺪﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳ ﺎ‬
‫ﺳ ﺎﻻ ﺑﺎ ﻦ ﺗﺮﺗ ﺐ ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻊ‪ :‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺎ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﮔﺮ ‪ xF > 0‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﻦ‪dP/(P1-Pv) < 1 :‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻣ ﺪﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺸ ﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﭘﺪ ﺪ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﮔﺮ ‪ xF‬ﺑﺰ ﮔﺘﺮ ﺎ ﻣﺴﺎ‬

‫)‪( < x < 1‬‬ ‫‪dP/P1 :‬‬ ‫ﮔﺎ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺨﺎ‬ ‫‪ X‬ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺘﻼ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﭼﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ ﻪ ﻓﺘﺎ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‪ FL2 :‬ﺗﺎﺑﻌ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﺻ‬
‫ﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻ ﻒ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻣ ﺷﻮ‬
‫‪ y‬ﺗﺒﺪ ﻞ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮ ﺐ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ‬ ‫‪ y = CV/CV100 = 0.75‬ﺑﺎ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪ ‪ FL2‬ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﻠﻮﮔﺎ ) ‪Vena‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺒﺸ ـ ﺳ ـ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪ ﻞ ﻧﺮ‬ ‫ﺿــﺮ ﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺎﺑ ﻓﺸــﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻊ ﺳــﻤ ‪ .‬ﻦ ﺿــﺮ ﺐ ﻗﺎﺑﻠ ﺖ ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺮ ﺗﻌﺮ ﻒ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎ ﺗﻮﺻ ﻒ ﻣ ﻧﻤﺎ ﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ‬ ‫‪ (contracta‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﺮ‬

‫) ‪( -‬‬

‫ﻦ ﺑﻄﻪ ‪ Pvc‬ﺎ ﻫﻤﺎ ﻓﺸﺎ ﮔﻠﻮﮔﺎ ﻫﻤ ﺸﻪ ﻤﺘﺮ ‪ P2‬ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﻦ ﻦ ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﻫﻤ ﺸﻪ ﻮﭼ ﺘﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻪ‬
‫ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺖ ﻪ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻦ ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠ ﺖ ﻟﻮ ﺗﺒﺪ ﻞ ﻧﺮ ﺟﻨﺒﺸ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎ‬
‫ﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺎﺑ ﻟﻮ ﺑ ﺸﺘﺮ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻦ ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﺑ ﮔﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﮕﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠ ﺖ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺮ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺑ ﺸﺘﺮ ﻮ ﻫﺪ ﺑﻮ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺒﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ (‪ ،‬ﻨﺘﺮ ﻟﻮ ﻣﻮ ﻧ ﺮ ﻧﺮ ﺟﻨﺒﺸ ﺳ ﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻄ ﺎ ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ) ﻌﻨ ﺑﻪ ﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺗﺒﺪ ﻞ ﻣ ﻧﻤﺎ ﺪ‪ .‬ﻦ ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺮ ﺟﻨﺒﺸ‬ ‫ﻧﺘ ﺠﻪ ﻣﻘﺪ ﻤ‬ ‫ﺮ ﻮ ﻫﺪ ﺮ‬
‫ﻮ ﺗ ﻪ ﻓﺸﺎ ‪ Pvc‬ﮔﻠﻮﮔﺎ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺷﺒﺎ ﺳ ﺎ ‪Pv‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮ ﻢ ﻫﻤ ﻨ ﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﮕ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺎ ﻧﺨﻮ ﻫﺪ ﺑﻮ ﻣ ﺘﻮ ﻧﺮ ﻧﺎ ﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺠﺎ ﻪ ﻧﺪ ﮔ ﺮ ﻓﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﺑ ﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺛ ﺮ ﻓﺎ ﺘﻮ ‪ Fl‬ﭼﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﻠﻮﮔﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺖ ﻻ ﺳﺎ ﻧ ﺴﺖ ﻟ ﻦ ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﺷﺮ ﺖ ﺑ ﺮ ﻧ ﺗﻌ ﻦ ﻣ ﮔﺮ ‪ .‬ﺷﺮ ﻂ ﺑ ﺮ ﻧ ﺑﺎ‬

‫‪Pulp‬‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺎﻫﺶ ﺑ ﺸﺘﺮ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺮ ﺟ ﺑﻪ ﻮ ﻪ ﻧﺮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻓ ﺶ ﻧ ﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣ ﺪ‪ .‬ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺎﺑ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺑﺨﺎ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﺎ ﺘﺎﺳ ﻮ ﻓ ﺶ ﺎﺑﺪ ﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺘ ﺑ ﺮ ﻧ ﺣﺎ ﻫﻤ ﺖ ﺳﺖ ﻪ ﻓﺸﺎ ﮔﻠﻮﮔﺎ ﻧ‬
‫ﭘﺎ ﻦ )ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺎﺑ ﺑﺎﻻ( ﭘﺮﻫ ﺷﻮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﻧﺘﺨﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪ ﻧﺪ ﮔ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ‪ FL2‬ﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ ‪ IEC 60534.2-1‬ﺗﺼﺤ ﺢ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪ ‪FL‬‬ ‫ﺻﻼ ﻨﻨﺪ‬
‫ﭘﻮ ﺸﻦ ﻟﻮ ﻦ ﺑ ﺸﺘﺮ ﻓﺰ ﺶ ﻧﻤ ﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﻌﻨ ﻫﻤﺎ )‪ ،(CV/CV100‬ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻮ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺰ ﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎ ﻟ ﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻪ ﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎ ﻫﻤﺮ ﺧﻮ ﻫﺪ ﺑﻮ ‪ .‬ﺎ ﺘﺎﺳ ﻮ ﺷﺪ ﺪ )ﺗﺒﺨ ﺮ(‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎ ﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺎ ﺷﺪ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺷﺪ‬
‫‪CV / CV‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪ ﻧﺪ ﮔ ﺮ ﺷﺪ ‪ FL2‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺎ ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻪ ﻣﺮ ﺟﻌﻪ ﻨ ﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻄﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻘﺮ ﺐ ﺎﺿ ﺳﻨﮕ ﻦ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﻣﻘﺪ ‪ FL2‬ﺑﺎ ﻓﺰ ﺶ ﻣﻘﺎ ﺮ ‪ Cv/DN²‬ﺎﻫﺶ ﻣ ﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪ ﻧﻔﻮ ‪ FL2‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪ‬

‫ﻣ ﻠ ﻤﺘﺮ(‬ ‫ﺳﻤ )ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺮ ﻮ‬ ‫‪FL2‬‬ ‫ﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫) ‪ ( -‬ﻣﻘﺪ ﻣ ﺎﻧﮕ ﻦ ﺻﻼ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬

‫‪choked‬‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫‪ ] ( Rated pressure drop ratio factor ) Xt ‬ﻗﺘ ﺳ ﺎ ﮔﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ[ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻟﻮ ) ‪ ( P1‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺮ ﻟﻮ )‪ (ΔP‬ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺳﻤ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎ‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻄﻮ ﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺖ ﻓ ﺸﺎ )‪ ( X‬ﻣ ﮔﻮ ﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﻧ ﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺖ ﻓ ﺸﺎ ﻫﻤﺎ ﻧ ﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺖ ﻓ ﺸﺎ ﺑﺤﺮ ﻧ‬
‫ﻧ ﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﺧﻂ ﻋﻤﻮ‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﺗﺂﺛ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻓ ﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﺶ ﺑ ﺸﺘﺮ ﻓ ﺸﺎ ﺧﺮ ﺟ ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻮ‬
‫ﻫﺪ) ‪: (X=Xt‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺑﺤﺮ ﻧ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﺑ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺎﮔﺮ ﺗ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ) ‪( -‬‬

‫ﻧﺮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ ﺸ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ﻓﻮ ‪ xt=60‬ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻦ ﻣﻌﻨ ﻪ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻟ ﻪ ﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺑ ﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻣ ﺸﻮ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻧﻤ ﺸﻮ ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫‪xT‬‬ ‫ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﺻﻼ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﻮ ﺗﺮ ﻢ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺗ ﺮ‬ ‫) ‪ ( -‬ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬

 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺪ ﻞ ﻨﻨﺪ ‪:‬‬

‫ﮔ ﺮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺎ ﺘﺎﺳـ ﻮ ﺷــﺪ ﺪ؛ ﻗﺒﻞ ﭼﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳــﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﺣﺴــﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺻــﻼ‬
‫ﺷﻔﺘﻪ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻏﺎ ﺎ ﺘﺎﺳ ﻮ‬ ‫ﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺖ ﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎ ﺘﻮ ‪ xFz‬ﻟﻮ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻣﻄﺮ ﻣ ﺷﻮ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷــﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮ ﻒ ﻣﻘﺪ ‪KC‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺳــﺖ ﻧﺨﻮ‬ ‫‪ ٪‬ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﺮ‬
‫‪ - ،IEC 60534‬ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﻣﻘﺪ ﻫ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪ xFz‬ﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺎ ﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﺎ ﻧﻮ ﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻌﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪ ﻫ ﺑﻪ ‪ KC‬ﻧﺠﺎ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺴـﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺪ ﻪ ﻧﻪ ﻣﻘﺪ ‪ KC‬ﻣ ﺗﻮ ﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻦ ﺣﺎ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﺮ ﻧﺸـﺎ ﻣ‬
‫ﺷﻮ ‪ .‬ﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﺗﻮ ﺳﻂ ﺳﺮ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺎ ﻣﻨﺎ ﺳﺐ ﺗﺮ ﻢ‪ ،‬ﺎ ﺗﺮ ﻢ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺗﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻔﺮ ﻧ ﺴ ﻞ ﻃﺮ ﺣ ﺧﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺮ ﻓ ﺸﺎ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻧﺘﺨﺎ ﺷﻮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ‪FL³ = KC‬‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮ ﺗﻘﺮ ﺐ ﺑﺘﺪ ‪ CONVAL‬ﺑﺎ ﺳــﺘﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺳــﺘﺮ‬ ‫‪KC‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺮ ﻫ ﭻ ﻣﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻔﺎ ﻣ ﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻮ ) ﺎ ﺘﺎﺳ ﻮ (‬ ‫ﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﺻ‬
‫ﻟﻮ ﻫﻤﺮ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ ﻪ ﺎ ﺘﺎﺳ ﻮ‬ ‫ﮔ ﺮ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪ ﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺘﺎﺳ ﻮ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﺮ ﺐ ‪ xFz‬ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺎ ﻫﻤﺮ ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪ ‪ xFz‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺸﺎ ‪ xF‬ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮ ﺻﺪ‬

‫∆‬
‫=‬ ‫) ‪( -‬‬

‫ﻏ ﺮ ‪ ( . . .‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻨ ﻦ ﺗﻔﺎ‬ ‫) ﻟﻮ ﺮ ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮ ﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺘﺎ ﺳ ﻮ ؛ ﻣﻘﺪ ‪ xFz‬ﻣ ﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﺮ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮋﮔ ﻫﺎ ﻃﺮ ﺣ ﻧﺸﺎ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬ‬
‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﻘﺪ ﺗ ﺴﺖ ﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺪ ﺳﺖ ﻣﺪ ؛‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗ ﺴﺖ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻪ ‪ xFz‬ﻓ ﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧ‬
‫ﺻﺎ ﺷﻮ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎ‬

‫‪,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫(‬ ‫‪/ )/‬‬ ‫) ‪( -‬‬

‫ﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺮ ﺖ ﺗﻮﻟ ﺪ ﻨﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪ ‪xFz‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ) ﻌﻨ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻗ ﻖ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻓ ﺸﺎ ﺻﻮ‬ ‫ﻦ ﻣ ﺪﻫﺪ ﻪ ﻣﺤﺎ ﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪ؛ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎ‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﺎ ( ﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷ ﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎ ﻧﻘﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ‪ Cv / Cv100 = 0.75‬ﺑﻪ ﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷــﺪ؛ ﻣﻘﺪ ‪ xFz‬ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺳــﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺮ ﻫ ﭻ ﺗﺎﺑﻌ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮ ﺐ ﺗﺒﺪ ﻞ ﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧ ﺰ ﺎ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﻟﻮ ﻟﺰ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻤ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﻣﻘﺪ ﻧﻮ ﺰ ﺣﺎﺋﺰ ﻫﻤ ﺖ ﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﻠ ﻪ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫‪ xFz‬ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ‬
‫‪ xFz‬ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﮔ ﺮ ﺷـــﺪ‬ ‫؛ ﻣﻘﺪ ﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﺑﺴـــﺘﮕ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺎ ﻪ ﻣﻘﺪ ‪ xFz‬ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺎ‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫ﻗ ﻖ ﺗﺮ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ ﺷﻮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ‬

‫ﻟﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﺻ‬

‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ ﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻔ ﺲ ﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺤ‬ ‫ﻣﺴ ﺮ ﺗ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻫ ﺪ ﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﻋﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻨﺪ ﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺻﻼ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‪ ،‬ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻣ ﻣﺴ ﺮﻫﺎ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎ‬

‫ﺳﺘ ﺎ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﺎ ﻫﺎ ﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻏ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﻫ ﺪ ﻟ ) ‪ ( dH‬ﻄ ﺣ ﺳﺖ ﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺳ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻤ ﻦ ﻄ ﻣ ﺗﻮ ﻣ ﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻏ ﺮ ﺮ‬

‫ﭘﻮ ﺸﻦ ﻟﻮ )‪ ( Cv / Cv100 = 1‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣ ﺷﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ ﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪ ﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﺻﻼ ‪Fd‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ‪% Cv‬‬ ‫ﺳﺖ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺟﺪ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺷﻮ ﻣﺘﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮ ﺷ ﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻨ ﻪ ﭼﻪ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ ﺴﺒﺖ ﺟﺮ ﻦ ﺗﻌ ﻦ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪ ﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳ ﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤ ﺖ ﻫﻨﺪ ﺳ ؛ ‪Fd‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮ‬
‫ﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻪﻃ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻮﺳ‬ ‫ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺧﺎ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮ ﻖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫) ‪( -‬‬

‫) ‪( -‬‬

‫) ‪( -‬‬

‫ﺳﺘﻔﺎ ﻣ ﻨ ﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﺎ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫) ‪( -‬‬

‫ﻧﺠﺎ ﺷﺪ ﻣﻘﺪ ‪ FL‬ﻋﺒﺎ ﺗﺴﺖ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎ ﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎ ﺳﺎ‬

‫) ‪( -‬‬

‫‪ : FL‬ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺸﺖ ﻓﺸﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻊ ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻪ‬

 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﻧﺸ ﻤﻨﮕﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﻮ ﺸﻦ ﺑﺎ ) ‪ ( CV / CV100 = 1‬ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫) ‪ ( -‬ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﺻﻼ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬

‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫‪ - -‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﻨﻈ ﻤﺎ‬

‫ﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬ ‫ﻢ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﻮ ﻣ ﭘﺮ‬ ‫ﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺳ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻞ ﻟﻮ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ﺮ ﻧﻤﺎ ﺶ‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻠ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻞ ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻤﺎ‬

‫ﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ - - -‬ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺎ ﺳﺒﺎﺗ ﺑﺮﻣ ﺨﻮ ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻪ ﻦ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈ ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ ﻦ ﺳﺮﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻔﺎ ﻗﺮ ﻣ ﮔ ﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻮ ﺰ ﻟﻮ‬
‫ﻧﻮ ﺰ ﻣ ﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻓﺮ ﺎﻧﺲ ‪ VDMA 24422-05.79‬ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻟ ﻦ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﺮ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺣ ﺴﺐ ﭘﺎ ﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ )‪ dB(A) Lp(a‬ﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻓ ﺸﺎ ﺻﻮ‬
‫ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺻﻮ‬ ‫ﮔ ﺮ ﻫﺎ ﺧﺮ ﺟ ﺗﺠﺮﺑ‬
‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻪ ﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟ‬ ‫= ‪،‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸــﺨﺺ ﺷــﺪ ﻧﺪ؛‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎ ﺞ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮ ﺗﺎﺑﻌ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻣﻘﺪ ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﺻﻼ ‪xFz‬‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻤ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻦ ﺗﺮﺗ ﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛‬ ‫ﮔﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺎ‬

‫∆‬
‫=‬ ‫) ‪( -‬‬

‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ء ﺳﻄﺢ ﺻﺪ ‪ LA2‬ﺧﺘ ﺼﺎ‬ ‫ﺑ ﺴﺘﮕ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪ ‪ xFz‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺪ ﻣﻘﺪ ‪ LA2‬ﻧ ﺰ ﻣﻨﻔ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺎ ﺘﺎﺳ ﻮ‬ ‫≤‬ ‫‪ ‬ﮔﺮ‬
‫ﺷﺖ ‪ .‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﻮ ﺰ ‪LA2‬‬ ‫ﺎ ﻓﻠ ﺸ ﻨﮓ ﺧﻮ ﻫ ﻢ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺘﺎ ﺳ ﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﻧﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪ؛‬ ‫>‬ ‫‪ ‬ﮔﺮ‬
‫ﻧ ﺰ ﻣ ﺒﺖ ﺧﻮ ﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺎﻓ ﺷــﺪ ﺪ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣ ﺗﻮ ﻧﺪ ﺳ ـ ﺐ ﻫﺎ ﺟﺒﺮ ﻧﺎﭘﺬ ﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺮ ﺎ ﺘﺎﺳــ ﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺳ ﺒﻞ ﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﻣ ﺗﻮ ﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟ ﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﻮ ﺰ ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ ﺐ‬ ‫ﻨﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﻮ ﻫﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﭘ ﺸﻨﻬﺎ ﺗ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻋﺎ ﻖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﻮ ﺰ ‪ LA2=10‬ﻣ ﺸﻮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺎﻣﻼً ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬ ‫ﮔﺮ ‪ P1=10 bar‬؛ ‪ P2 >> PV‬؛‬
‫‪m/s‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎ ﺧﺮ ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺷﻮ ؛ ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻧﺎﺷ‬ ‫ﮔﺮ ﺎ ﺘﺎﺳ ﻮ ﺷﺪ ﺪ ﺎ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﭼﻮ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺰ ﺶ‬ ‫ﺮ ﺎ ﻨ ﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻤ ﺧﺮ ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎ ﺧﺮ ﺟ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺘﺎﺳ ﻮ ﻧﻤﺎ ﺎ ﺷﻮ ؛ ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻧﺎﺷ‬ ‫ﭘﺪ ﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮ‬
‫≤‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺸ ـ ﻨﮓ ﻧ ﺰ ﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺪ ﺪ‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺰ ﺶ‬ ‫ﺮ ﺎ ﻨ ﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳــﻤ ﺧﺮ ﺟ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺎﻣﻼ ﻋﺎ ﻖ ﺷﺪ ‪ LA2 = 5 ،‬ﻣ‬ ‫ﻨﺼﻮ‬
‫ﻦ ﻣﺮ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺷـــﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺘﻮ ﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴـــﺒﺖ ﻧﺸـــ ﻤﻨﮕﺎ ﺑﺰ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳـــﻤ ﺑﺰ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺨﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﺮ ﺟ ﺑﺨﺎ ﻣﺮﻃﻮ‬ ‫ﺷــﺪ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ؛‬ ‫ﭼﻮ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔ ﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧ ﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪m/s‬‬

‫ﻟ ﺎ ﻣﺤ ﻢ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺳـــ ﺎ ﻣﺘﻼﻃﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺎ ﻪ ﻣﻮ ﻣﺮ ﺐ ﻣﻘﺎ ﻣﺖ ﻤﺘﺮ‬

‫‪Flashing‬‬

‫‪Seat‬‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺰ ﺶ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻻ ﺿﺪ ﻧﮓ ﻪ ﻣﻤ ﻦ ﺳﺖ ﺎﻫﺶ ﺎ ﺘﺎ ﺳ ﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘ ﺴ ﻢ ﺧﺘﻼ ﻓ ﺸﺎ )ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺎﻣﻞ ﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎ ﺧﺮ ﺟ ( ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎ ﻋﺎ ﻖ ﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ ﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﻮ ﺰ ﺑ ﺸﺘﺮ ﺎ ﻣﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ ﻪ ﺳ ﺐ ﻫﺎ ﻣ ﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﺣﺪ ﻻﻣ ﺎ‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺳ ﺐ ﻫﺎ ﻣ ﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻮ ﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺧﺮ ﺟ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻤ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺮ ﺎ ﻣﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻃﺮ ﺣ ﺷﻮ ﻪ ﺧﺮ ﺟ‬ ‫ﻃﻮ‬
‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘ‬ ‫ﭽﻪ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺗﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻧ ﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮ‬ ‫ﮔﺮ ﺗﺨﻠ ﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻃﻮﻻﻧ ﺗﺮ ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪ PV < 1‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻼء ﺗﻮﻟ ﺪ ﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺎ ﺘﺎﺳ ﻮ‬
‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎ ﻣﻘﺎ ﻣﺘ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺰ ﺶ ﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺻﻮ‬ ‫ﮔﺮ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺧﺮ ﺟ‬
‫ﻓﺰ ﺶ ﻟﮕﺎ ﺘﻤ ﺗﻌ ﻦ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻞ ﺳ ﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺻﻮ‬
‫ﺎ ﺘﺎﺳ ﻮ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ﮔﺮ ﻪ ﺧﺘﻼ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺑ ﻦ ﻃﺮ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻮ ﺰ ﭘﺎ ﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎ‬
‫ﺑ ﻦ ﻧﻮ ﺰﻫﺎ ‪ dLA‬ﻣﻘﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪IEC 6‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ‪- -‬‬ ‫ﻦ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪ ﺷــﺪ ﺳــﺖ؛ ﻧ ﺰ ﻣ ﺘﻮ‬ ‫ﮕﺮ ﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺋﻪ ﺷــﺪ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺮ ﻦ ﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺮ ‪ .‬ﺟﺪ ﺪﺗﺮ ﻦ‬ ‫( ﺷــﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ ‪) IEC 60534-8-4‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫( ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﻧﻮ ﺰ ‪) IEC 65B/869/CD‬‬

‫‪Stainless steel‬‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬
‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ ﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻮﻫﺎ ﺷﺮ ﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺨﺎ‬ ‫) ‪ ( -‬ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎ‬

‫ﻓ ﻠﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺰ ﻤﻢ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣ ﻨ ﻤﻢ‬
‫ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻟﻮ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺑﺮ ﺳ ﻣ ﻨ ﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔِﻼ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ﺮ ﻧﻮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻟﻮ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻣ ﻨ ﺪ ﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮ‬

‫ﻫﺎ(‬ ‫ﺎ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻫﺎ ) ﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺨﺎ ﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﺟﺪ‬

 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫– ﺗﻮﭘ (‬ ‫ﻧ – ﭘﺮ ﻧﻪ‬ ‫– ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗ ﺐ ) ﻟﻮ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻮ‬

‫ﻨﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓ ﺷــﺪ ﺳــﺖ؛ ﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮ ﺷـ ﺮ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﺴــﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ ﻢ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﺎ ﻧﻮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔ‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺷ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺴ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻮ ﻣﺴــﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺸــﺨﺼــﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﻃﺮ ﻖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻃﺮ ﺣ ﺗﺮ ﻢ ﻫﺎ ﭘﺮ ﻓ ﻞ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺳـﺮ ﺗﻘﺮ ﺐ ﻫﺎ ﺻـﻼﺣ ﻪ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺨﺎ ﻧﻮ ﺗﺮ ﻢ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻏ ﺮ ﺣﺴــﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎ‬ ‫ﻮﭼ‬ ‫ﺷـ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻤﻮ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﭘ‬
‫ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .‬ﻧﻄﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺖ ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻮ ﭘﻼﮔ ﻦ ﺳﻬﻤﻮ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺎ ﺪ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‬
‫"ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺳﺘﻢ" ﺗﻮﺻ ﻪ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮ ﺟﻠﻮﮔ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺪ ﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺮ ﺳﺖ ﻪ‬

‫‪Guide‬‬

‫‪Stem‬‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ ﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻟﺐ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ ﺮ ﭼﻬﺎ ﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ ﮔﺎ ﺪ ﺳﻬﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﻼ‬
‫ﻗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻔﺮ ﻧﺴ ﻞ ﺑﺴ ﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻧﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﺶ ﺎ ﺘﺎﺳ ﻮ ﺑﻬ ﻨﻪ؛‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ﺳﻬﻤﻮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻼ‬
‫ﻔﺮ ﻧ ﺴ ﻞ<‬ ‫ﻓ ﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺮ ﻂ ﺎ ﺘﺎ ﺳ ﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻌﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺎ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺸﻮ ‪ .‬ﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺳ ﺐ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻣﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮ ﺗﻮﺻ ﻪ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺎ ﺘﺎﺳـــ ﻮ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮ ﺟﻠﻮﮔ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷـــﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻨ ﻦ ﻣ ﺗﻮ ﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻌﺎ ﺧﻮ ﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻔﺮ ﻧﺴــ ﻞ >‬ ‫ﻓﺸــﺎ‬ ‫ﺴــ ﺪ ﺗ ﻠﻦ(‬ ‫)ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮ ﻣ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﺳــ ﺎ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻣ ﻨﺴــﺎﻧﺲ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻔﺎ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮ ﻓ ﻞ ‪ V‬ﺷ ﻞ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺸﺨ ﺼﻪ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ :‬ﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺮ ﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺎ ﺪ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ‪ V‬ﭘﻮ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﭘ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺗﺮ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻦ ﺳﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷ ﺎ ﻋﺮﺿ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺘﻮ ﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺪ؛ ﺑ ﺸﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻣﺘ ﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺸﺨ ﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﻧ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺮ ﭘ ﺴﺘﻮﻧ ﻫﺪ ﺖ‬ ‫‪ Cage Trim ‬ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻦ ﺗﺮ ﻢ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ ﺎﻻ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫ ﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﺎ ﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻦ ِ ﺞ ﺗِﺮ ﻢ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ﺳﻬﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﭘﻼ‬ ‫ﺑ ﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﻮ ﺘﺎﺳ ﻮ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺎﺷ‬
‫ﺟﻮ ﻧﻮ ﺰ ﻃﺮ ﺣ ﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﻮ ﺧﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻪ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ﺗ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﺐ‬
‫ﭘﺎ ﭘﻠﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺳـــ ﺖ ﺎ ﮔﺎ ﺪ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﭘﺎ ﻦ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺗﺮ ﻢ ﻫﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳ ﻮ ﺧﻪ ﻫﻤﺮ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻌ ﻦ ﻣ ﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎ ﺳﻮ‬
‫ﻣ ﻠ ﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻤ ﻦ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮﭼ ﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﻮ ﺰ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻮ‬
‫ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺤﻨ ﺷ ﻞ ﻫﻤﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮ ﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺳ ﺖ ﮔﺎ ﺪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﭘ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ ﺖِ ﮔﺎ ﺪﻫﺎ ﺗﺮ ﻢ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﻦ ﺗﺮ ﻢ ﻫﺎ ﻏ ﺮﺣﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺎ ﺑﺮ‬

‫‪luminescence‬‬

‫‪Multihole Trim‬‬

‫‪Seat‬‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎ ﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎ‬

‫ﻧﺎ ﺷـــﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﻠﻮﮔﺎ‬ ‫ﻪ ﺗﺮ ﻢ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻢ( ﮔِﻼ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺎﻧﺎ )ﭘﺮ ﭘ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺮ ﻂ ﺑﺤﺮ ﻧ ﻫ ﺴﺘﻨﺪ؛ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮ ﻣ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻔﺎ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎ ﻣﺖ ﻣ ﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻣ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻨﺪ ﻪ ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻮ ﺘﺎﺳ ﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺑﺴ ﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬

‫) ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻮ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﺗﺮ ﻢ(‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﺮﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ‬

‫‪ANSI‬‬ ‫ﻪ ﻣ ﺘﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺘﺎﺷ ﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ ﺰ ﻨﮓ ﻓ ﺸﺎ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻄﺮ ﻣ ﺷﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻪ ) ( ﺑﺤﺚ ﻼ‬

‫ﺳﺎ ﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻪ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻧﻮ ﺗﺮ ﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺨﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺎ ‪ Metric‬ﺳﺘﻨﺎ ﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﻧﺘﺨﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕ ﻦ ﻃﺮ ﺣ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﺑﺮ ﺳ ﻣ ﺸﻮ ﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻮ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺨ ﺼ ﺼ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻮ ﺑﻌﺪ ) ( ﻼ‬
‫ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ ﺎ ﺎ ﭙﺎ ﭼﻪ ﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﮋ ﻪ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻟﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ ﻧﺪ ﺎ ﻟﻮﻫﺎ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬
‫ﮔﺎ ﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎ ﻫﻤ ﻨﻄﻮ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺑﺮ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻫﺎ ﺧﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬

‫‪Globe Valve‬‬

‫‪cage‬‬

‫‪Trim‬‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻏ ﺮ ﺳـﺨﺖ‬ ‫ﻨ ﺪ ﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻـﻮ‬ ‫ﻢ؛ ﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮ ﻪ ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ) ( ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮ ﻣﺤﺎﻓ ﻫﺎ ﻣ ﭘﺮ‬

‫ﺳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺧﺮ ﺟ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ ﺎ ﻨ ﻪ ﻋﻼ ﺑﺮ ﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺨﺘ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺳ ﺖ ﭘﻼ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ ﺎ ﻨ ﻪ ﻣﻮ ﺳﺮ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺳ ﻠ ﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﻏ ﺮ ﻓﻠﺰ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺎ ﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ ﺰ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ ﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮ ﻢ ﺎ ﺗﺮ ﻢ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ(‬ ‫ﻧﻮ ﻣﺤﺎﻓ ﻫﺎ )‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﺗﻘﺴ ﻢ ﺑﻨﺪ‬

‫‪ ،‬ﺎ ﺗﻌﺮ ﻒ ﻧﺸــﺪ ﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﺎ ﻨ ﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﺗﻌ ﻦ ﻨ ﻢ ﻪ ﺳــﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺴــﻤﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ) ( ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺘﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻟﻮ ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎ ﺣﺮ ﺖ ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺎ ﻨ ﻪ ﺣﺮ ﺖ ﺳ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎ‬

‫‪FTC‬‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫‪FTO‬‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻤﺎ ﺷﻤﺎﺗ‬

‫‪Protections‬‬

‫‪Flow to open‬‬

‫‪Flow to close‬‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻦ ﺳـــﺖ ﻪ‬ ‫ﻦ ﻧﻮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺰ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺮ‬ ‫‪ :Flow o open‬ﻦ ﻧﻮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬

‫ﺮ ﻣﺎ ﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﭽﻮ ﺘﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎ ﺰ ﻮﭼ ﺘﺮ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺬ ﻣ ﺗﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﻧ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﭽﻮ ﺘﻮ ﻧ ﺮ‬
‫ﻃﺮ ﺳــ ﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ SHUTOFF‬ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻗﻞ ﺑﺮﺳــﺎﻧ ﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﭽﻮ ﺘﻮ ﻧ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﻮ ﻫ ﻢ ﻣ ﺰ ﻧﺸــﺘ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪flow‬‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺰ ﮔﺘﺮ ﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮ ﻠ‬ ‫ﺳــﺘﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺪ ﻪ ﻻ ﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﻼ‬
‫ﺗﺮ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻦ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻣﺘﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺣﺖ ﺗﺮ ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﻦ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ ﻢ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ to open‬ﺑﻮ ﮋ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﻧ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺴـــﺘﻪ ﺷـــﺪ ﻟﻮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣ ﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﻦ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫‪ :Flow to close‬ﻦ ﻧﻮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬
‫ﭽﻮ ﺘﻮ ﺑﺰ ﮔﺘﺮ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ ﮔﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺪ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺳ ﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﻋﻤﺎ ﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﭽﻮ ﺘﻮ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳ ﺖ ﺣﺖ ﺗﺮ ﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﻓ ﭘ ﻨﮓ ﻓ ﺸﺎ ﺑ ﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﺮ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﺶ ﻧ ﺸﺘ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻨﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺘ ﺠﻪ ﺻــﻄ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑ ﺸــﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎ ﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﺎﺑﺪ ﻟﺬ ﭘ ﻨﮓ ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻧ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺎ ﻧﺸــﺘ ﭘ ﻨﮓ ﻓﺰ ﺶ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺷــﻮ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎ ﺪ‪ .‬ﻨﺘﺮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺻــﻄ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺰ ﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﭽﻮ ﺘﻮ ﻧ ﺮ‬ ‫ﭘ ﻨﮓ ﻓﺰ ﺶ ﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺳـــ ﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮ ‪ ، Bathtub stopper effect‬ﺷـــﻮ ﺗﺮ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻃﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ flow to close‬ﺑﻪ ﻟ ﻞ ﻧﺎﭘﺎ ﺪ‬
‫ﺧﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺮ ﺎ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﻦ ﻦ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻨﺠﺎ ﻧﻮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ‪ Flow to open‬ﺎ ‪ Flow up‬ﺟﺤ ﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿ ﺤﺎ ﻓﻮ‬

‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻟﻮ ﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻟﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻨﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻠ ﺗﺮ ﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ) ( ﺗﻌ ﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻨﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﮕﺮ ﺑﺨﻮ ﻫ ﻢ ﻧﺘﺨﺎ‬ ‫ﻮ ﺗ ﻪ ﻨﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣ ﻞ ﻣﻮ ﻧ ﺮ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﺨﺎ ﻧﻤﻮ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟ ﺴﺖ ﭘ ﺶ ﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺗﻮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻣﻮ ﻧ ﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻨ ﻨ ﻧﻤﺎ ﺶ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﻣ ﺸﺨ ﺼﻪ ﻟﻮ ﻣ ﮔﻮ ﻨﺪ ﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑ ﺼﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻪ ﺑ ﻦ ﺑ ﺣﺠﻤ‬ ‫ﻗ‬
‫ﻫﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﺎ ﺶ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺷﻮ ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻨﻮ ﻣ ﺎ ﺷ ﻞ ﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬

‫‪Charactristic‬‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺳ ﺖ ﺗﻌ ﻦ ﺿﻌ ﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﺎ ﻧﺸ ﻤﻨﮕﺎ ِ ﺞ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ) ‪( -‬‬

‫ﻟﻮ ﺳﺖ ﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻣ ﻼ ﺳﻪ ﭘﺮ ﻓ ﻞ ﻣﺘﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻫﺎ ﻣ ﺘﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻣ ﺸﺨ ﺼﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗ ﺮ ﺷ ﻞ ﺗﺮ ﻢ ﻨﺘﺮ‬

‫ﺷﺪ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺠﺎ ﻣ ﻧﻤﺎ ﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﻧﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﻼ‬

‫ﻟﻮ ﭘﺮ ﻨﺪﮔ ﺟﺮ ﺎ )‪(IEC 60534,2-4‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺑﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻤﻮ‬

‫ﺗ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺞ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺞ )‪ (cage‬ﻧ ﺰ ﻣ ﺗﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺗ ﺮ ﭘﺮ ﻓ ﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻟﻮ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻣ ﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻪ‬ ‫ﺗ ﺮﺗ‬ ‫ﺞ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻮ‬

 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫‪Equal percentage‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬ ‫‪ h - ɸ‬ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻤﻮ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎ ﺗﺴﺖ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻦ ﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺗ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺞ ﺗﺮ ﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬

‫ﺻﺎ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬
‫ﻮﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺰ ﺶ ﻧﺎﺧﻮ ﺳﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫)‪(CV100 / CVmin = 40:1‬‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺮ ﺑﺰ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﺤﺪ‬

‫ﻧ ﺴـﺖ؛ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺳـﺖ ﻣﺸـﺨﺼـﻪ‬ ‫ﺳـﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﻨﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮ ﻓﺸـﺎ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﮔﺮ ﻫ ﭻ ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕ ﺮ ﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪Equal Percentage‬‬

‫ﻔﺮ ﻧﺴ ﻞ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺳﺘ ﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺧﻄ ﺑﺮ‬

‫‪Linear‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬ ‫‪ h - ɸ‬ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﻧﻤﻮ‬

 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪linear‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮ‬

‫ﺴﺎ ( ﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻠ ﺖ ﻧﺞ ﺑ )ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑ ﺧﺮ ﺟ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻗﻞ ﻣﻤ ﻦ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪CV100 / CVmin = 15:1‬‬
‫ﻨﺘﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻫﻤﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺘﻼ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻫﻤﺮ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻓ ﺲ ﺮ‬
‫ﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻ ﻪ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﺰ ﺶ ﻓﺸﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻌﺎ ؛ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻃﻮﻻﻧ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﻮ ® ﺑﺮ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﺑ ﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗ ﻮ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﺗﻔﺎ‬

‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ ) ‪ ( -‬ﺷ ﺎ ﺗﺮ ﻢ ﺑﺮ‬

 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫‪IEC 60534,2-4‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺗ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬

‫ﻗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪ ‪ Equal‬ﺻﻼ ﺷﺪ ﺎ ﺧﻄ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﺮ ﻧﺲ ﺳﺖ؛ ﻪ ﮔﺎﻫ‬ ‫ﺧﺎ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺳﺖ ﻪ ﻣ ﺘﻮ ﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮ ﺑﻌ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ(‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺎ ﺳﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺪ )ﺑ ﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ء ﺗ‬ ‫ﺟﺎ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺻﻼ ﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﻧﮕﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺑ ﺲ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬

‫ﺻﻼ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ‬ ‫ﺎﮔﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻞ) ‪( -‬‬

‫ﺷﻦ(‬ ‫)ﺧﺎﻣﻮ‬ ‫ﺗ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬

‫ﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ %‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﺎ ﻣ‬ ‫‪%‬‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻫﺎ ﺷــﺪ ﺪ ﻓﺸــﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻤ ﻦ ﺳــﺖ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷــﻮ ؛ ﺑﻪ ﻟ ﻞ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻫﺎ ﭘﺎ ﻦ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻦ ﻗﻄﻌ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﻃﻮﻻﻧ‬
‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻌﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺑ ﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺸﺨ ﺼﻪ ‪ Equal Percentage‬ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺨﺎ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻓ ﺸﺎ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻗﻮ ‪،‬ﻣ ﺸﺨ ﺼﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮ ﺟﻠﻮﮔ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻮﺗﺎ ﺷﻮ ﺎ ﺧﻄﻮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻃﻮﻻﻧ‬
‫ﻨ ﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻓﺰ ﺶ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺗﻮﺻ ﻪ ﻣ‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫) (‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺣﺪ ﻗﻞ ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﭘ ﺸﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎ ﺮ ‪CV100‬‬ ‫ﺟﺒﺮ ﺗﻠﺮ ﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ ﺎ ‪ CVcalculate:1.1‬ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﻗﻞ ﺿــﺮ ﺐ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﭘ ﺸــﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎﻣﻼً ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺮ ﻣﻘﺪ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺪ ﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﻢ ﺟﺎ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪ ‪ CV100‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻠﺮ ﻧﺲ ﺧ ﻠ‬ ‫‪%‬‬
‫ﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﭘ ﺸــﻨﻬﺎ ﻣ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺑ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺼــﺎﻻ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺸــﺘ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﺮ ﻧﺲ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺴــﺘﻪ ﻃﺮ ﺣ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺳ ﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﺠﺎ ﻣ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻪ ﻧﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣ‬

‫) (‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﺎ ﺰ ﻤﻢ ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﭘ ﺸﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺪ ﻪ ﺑ ﻣﺎ ﺰ ﻤﻢ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺰ ﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻦ ﻋﻮ ﻣﻞ ﺟﺎ ﻣ‬ ‫ﻨ ﻪ ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﺗﺎﺛ ﺮ ﻟﻮ ﺑ ﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻮ ﻨﺘﺮ ﺷﻮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺑﻮ‬ ‫‪%‬‬

‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫) ‪ ( -‬ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬

‫‪ ‬ﻧﺘﺨﺎ ﺿﺮ ﺐ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ) (‬
‫‪ DIN/IEC 60534‬ﻣﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧ ﺴﺒﺖ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎ ﺮ ﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮ ﺧﺎﺻ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪ ‪CV100‬‬

‫ﺣﺪ ﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺘ ﺠﻪ ﻣﺎ ﭘ ﺸــﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﺎ ﻃﺮ ﺣ‬ ‫ﻫﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ %‬ﺟﺎ ﻣ‬ ‫‪ CV100‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﻠﺮ ﻧﺲ ﻫﺎ ﺑ ﺶ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻـ‬
‫ﻨ ﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪ ﻣﻤ ﻦ ﺗﻮﺻ ﻪ ﻣ‬

‫‪CV100, selected = 1.1 . CV100, Calculated‬‬ ‫) ‪( -‬‬

‫ﺳـــﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺳـــﺎ‬ ‫ﺳـــﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺳـــﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷـــﺮ ﻂ ﻋﻤﻠ ﺎﺗ‬ ‫ﻧﺴـــﺒﺖ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺣﺠﻤ‬ ‫‪ CV‬ﻣﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴـــ ﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺑﻮﻟ ﻨﺖ ﺎ ﻏ ﺮﻣﺘﺨﻠ ﺨﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫‪ DIN / IEC 60534.2-3‬ﺳــــﺖ‪) .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺮ‬
‫‪ ρ = 1000 Kg/hr‬ﺧﺘﻼ ﻓﺸﺎ ‪(∆P = 1 bar‬‬
‫=‬ ‫ﻣ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﻂ ﻫﺪ ﺖ ﻟ ﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪ ‪ CV‬ﻣﻌﺎ‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫) ‪( -‬‬

‫) ‪( -‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺣﺪ ﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻣ ﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫)ﺣﺪ ﻗﻞ ﻗﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﭘ ﺸﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﺗﻮ ﺻ ﻪ ﺷﺪ )ﺣﺪ ﻗﻞ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﻤ ( ﺣﺪ ﺮ‪ .‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻣﺠﺎ ﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌ ﻦ ﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﺳﺖ ﭘﺎ ﻦ ﺳﺖ؛ ﮔﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺣﺪ ﺮ ﻣﺠﺎ ﻧﺮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻤ ( ﺗﻌ ﻦ ﻣ ﺷﻮ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳــ ﺐ ﻫﺎ ﻣ ﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﺧﺮ ﺟ ﺑ ﺶ ﺣﺪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺰ ﺶ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﻧﻮ ﺰ ﺳــﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﭘ ﺸﻨﻬﺎ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ) ﺎ ﺘﺎﺳ ﻮ ( ﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺷﺮ ﻂ ﺳ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗ ﺮ‬ ‫) ‪ ( -‬ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬

‫ﻓﻠﺸ ﻨﮓ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺷﺮ‬

‫ﺳ ﺐ ﻫﺎ ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮ ﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺰ ﻤﻢ؛ ﺣﺪ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﭘ ﺸﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺸ ﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﭘ ﺶ ﺷ ﺴﺘﮕ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮ ﻣ ﺎ ؛ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺳ ﺐ ﺗﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﻣ‬ ‫ﺧﺮ ﺟ‬ ‫ﺳ ﺴﺘﻢ ﭘﺎ ﭙ ﻨﮓ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮ ‪ /‬ﺛﺎﻧ ﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﺤﺎ ﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺮ ﺟ ﺳﻮﭘﺎ ﻣ ﺗﻮ ﻧﺪ ﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺘﻮ ﺳﻂ ﺻﺪ‬
‫[ ﻧﺠﺎ ﻣ ﺪﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﺮ ﻦ ﻣ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻂ ‪Stoffel B‬؛ ‪] .Striedinger R‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺻﻮ ﺟﺮ ﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻔﺎ ﻣ ﻨ ﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪m/s‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑ‬ ‫ﺟﻮ ﻧﺪ ﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺖ ﻫﺎ‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

- ‫ ﭘ ﻮﺳﺖ‬
1. Determine Pressure Coefficient - Pcoef
Start with the absolute pressure before the control valve and the actual pressure drop available over
the valve and determine the pressure coefficient -Pcoef - from the table below.

Pcoef = pressure drop / specific volume

Note! The pressure drop can not exceed critical pressure drop which is approximately 42% of the inlet
pressure.

Example - Pressure Coefficient

In a steam system with 9 bar gauge pressure the absolute pressure is 10 bar. If a pressure drop
of 3.5 bar is accepted and suitable for the steam consumer, the pressure coefficient - Pcoef - from the
table above should be 18.01.

2. Determine Flow Factor - Kv

Select the pressure coefficient - Pcoef - column closest possible to the actual pressure coefficient
calculated in step 1.

Follow the column down until reaching the appropriate actual flow value. Interpolate between values if
necessary.

Go left in the table to find the actual flow factor Kv.

‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

Example - Determine Flow Factor

For a pressure coefficient - Pcoef = 18.01 from above, and a steam flow of 600 kg/h, the flow factor
- Kv from the table above should be close to 4.4.

The formula used for the flow factor - Kv

The tables above are based on the formula:

Kv = m / (31.7 (dP / v)1/2) (1)

where

m= steam flow (kg/h)

dP = pressure drop (bar)

v = specific volume of steam before control valve (m3/kg)

 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

 – ‫ﭘ ﻮﺳﺖ‬

Control Valve Capacity

Valves need to be measured on their capacity to pass fluid. To enable fair comparison, valves are
sized on a capacity index or flow coefficient. This tutorial explains the different types of flow
coefficient in use, how they are established, how they compare, and typical values for different
sized valves.

Introduction to Valve Capacity

A control valve must, as its name suggests, have a controlling influence on the process. Whilst details such
as connection sizes and materials of construction are vitally important, they do not give any indication of
the control exerted by the valve.

Control valves adjust processes by altering:

 Flowrate - For example, the amount of steam or water that enters the process equipment.

With a two-port valve for example, as the valve moves to the closed position, less steam flows,
and less heat is added to the process.

With a three-port valve for example, as the valve plug moves to a new position, it diverts hot
water away from the process.

And/or
 Differential pressure - This is defined as the difference between the pressure at the valve inlet
and the pressure at the valve outlet (see Figure 6.2.1).

For any given valve orifice size, the greater the differential pressure the greater the flowrate, within
certain limitations.

With saturated steam, the lower its pressure, the lower its temperature, and less heat transfer will
occur in the heat exchanger.
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

Fig. 6.2.1 Differential pressure across a valve

These two factors (a) Flowrate and (b) Differential pressure are brought together as a flow
coefficient or 'capacity index' as it is sometimes termed.

The flow coefficient allows:

 The performance of valves to be compared.

 The differential pressure across a valve to be determined from any flowrate.
 The flowrate through a control valve to be determined for a given differential pressure.

Because many different units of measurement are used around the world, a number of flow coefficients are
available, and it is worthwhile understanding their definitions. Table 6.2.1 identifies and defines the most
commonly encountered capacity indices.
 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

Table 6.2.1 Symbols and definitions used to identify and quantify flow through a control valve
For conversion:
C v (Imperial) = K v x 0.962 658
C v (US) = K v x 1.156 099
Av = 2.88 x 10-5 C v (Imperial)
The flow coefficient, Kvs for a control valve is essential information, and is usually stated, along with its
other data, on the manufacturer's technical data sheets.

Control valve manufacturers will usually offer a number of trim sizes (combination of valve seat and valve
plug) for a particular valve size. This may be to simplify the pipework by eliminating the need for reducers,
or to reduce noise.

A typical range of Kvs flow coefficients available for a selection of valves is shown in Table 6.2.2

Table 6.2.2 Kvs values for a typical range of valves

 ‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

‫‪Refrences‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﺮ ﺟﻊ‬

‫‪IEC 60534 2 1-3‬‬ ‫] [ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬

‫‪ISA 75.05‬‬ ‫] [ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫‪VDMA 24422‬‬ ‫] [ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫‪ IEC 60534‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫] [ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫‪ IEC 60534‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫] [ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫‪ISA S75-17 1989‬‬ ‫ﮔﺎ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫] [ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫‪AGA8‬‬ ‫] [ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫‪GERG 2004‬‬ ‫] [ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫)‪(DIN 1343‬‬ ‫] [ ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫‪ASME B16.5‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫] [‬
‫‪ANSI / ASME B36.10M‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫] [‬
‫‪ANSI/ASME B36.19M‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫] [‬
‫‪API 6D‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫] [‬
‫‪ASME B16.34‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫] [‬
‫‪EN 1092-1‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫] [‬
‫‪DIN 2448‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫] [‬
‫‪DIN 2458‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫] [‬
‫‪ IEC 60534‬ﻓﺼﻞ ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫] [‬
‫‪IEC 60534-2-1‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫] [‬
‫‪IEC 60534 8-3‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫] [‬
‫‪- ،IEC 60534‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫] [‬
‫‪VDMA 24422-05.79‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫] [‬
‫(‬ ‫‪) IEC 60534-8-4‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫] [‬
‫(‬ ‫‪) IEC 60534-8-4‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫] [‬
‫(‬ ‫‪) IEC 65B/869/CD‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫] [‬
‫ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺤﻠ ﻠ ﻧﺮ ﻓﺰ‬

IEC 60534,2-4 ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ [ ]

DIN/IEC 60534 ‫ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ‬ [ ]
ANSI – American National Standards Institute [ ]
API – American Petroleum Institute [ ]
ASME – American Society of Mechanical Engineers [ ]
ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials [ ]
BSI – British Standard Institute [ ]
DIN – The German Institute for Standardization [ ]
ISO – International Organization for Standardization [ ]
NEMA – National Electrical Manufacturers Association [ ]
NIST – National Institute of Standards and Technology [ ]
CENELEC - European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization [ ]

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