Name: Abdulbasik, Alyshma Dhanra H.

Subject: IT Application Tools In Business

Section: BSAC 1B Due Date: 09/25/20

I. Give five examples of Input device with picture and discuss how it works
and what is the purpose of this device.

1) Keyboard

Description; Keyboard is the most common and very popular input device which helps to input
data to the computer. The layout of the keyboard is like that of traditional typewriter, although
there are some additional keys provided for performing additional functions.

Function; A computer keyboard is an input device that allows a person to enter letters, numbers,
and other symbols (these are called characters in a keyboard) into a computer. It is one of the
most used input devices for computers. Using a keyboard to enter lots of data is called typing.

How it works? - A keyboard contains many mechanical switches or push-buttons called "keys".
When one of these are pushed, an electrical circuit is closed, and the keyboard sends a signal to
the computer that tells it what letter, number or symbol it would like to be shown on the screen.
The computer's CPU then shows the character on the screen, usually at the place where the
cursor is. Besides entering characters, computer keyboards also have keys that change the
symbol (such as shift or caps lock) or give the computer special commands (such as the arrow
keys, CTRL and ALT). Different computer operating systems use different special keys, or use
them differently. Special commands can also be activated through a combination of keys (such
as Ctrl + V on Windows to paste copied content).

2) Mouse
Name: Abdulbasik, Alyshma Dhanra H. Subject: IT Application Tools In Business
Section: BSAC 1B Due Date: 09/25/20
Description; Mouse is the most popular pointing device. It is a very famous cursor-control device
having a small palm size box with a round ball at its base, which senses the movement of the
mouse and sends corresponding signals to the CPU when the mouse buttons are pressed.

Function; Generally, it has two buttons called the left and the right button and a wheel is present
between the buttons. A mouse can be used to control the position of the cursor on the screen, but
it cannot be used to enter text into the computer.

How it works? - Able to work on almost any surface, the mouse has a small, red light-emitting
diode (LED) that bounces light off that surface onto a complementary metal-oxide
semiconductor (CMOS) sensor. The CMOS sensor sends each image to a digital signal processor
(DSP) for analysis. The DSP, operating at 18 MIPS (million instructions per second), is able to
detect patterns in the images and see how those patterns have moved since the previous image.
Based on the change in patterns over a sequence of images, the DSP determines how far the
mouse has moved and sends the corresponding coordinates to the computer. The computer
moves the cursor on the screen based on the coordinates received from the mouse. This happens
hundreds of times each second, making the cursor appear to move very smoothly.

3) Microphone

Description; Microphone techniques (the selection and placement of microphones) have a major
influence on the audio quality of a sound reinforcement system. The most important
characteristics of microphones for live sound applications are their operating principle, frequency
response and directionality. The secondary characteristics are their electrical output and actual
physical design.

Function; The microphone is used for various applications such as adding sound to a multimedia
presentation or for mixing music. An instrument whereby sound waves are caused to generate or
modulate an electric current usually for the purpose of transmitting or recording sound.

How it works? - A microphone converts sound into a small electrical current. Sound waves hit a
diaphragm that vibrates, moving a magnet near a coil. In some designs, the coil moves within a
magnet. Other microphones, such as condenser microphones, work on the principle of
capacitance. Capacitors consist of parallel conducting plates that store charge and are used to
smooth out signals like voltage variations in a power supply. In a condenser microphone, the
Name: Abdulbasik, Alyshma Dhanra H. Subject: IT Application Tools In Business
Section: BSAC 1B Due Date: 09/25/20
incoming sound vibrates one plate of a capacitor. The varying capacitance is converted into a
corresponding electrical signal.

4) Scanner

Description; Scanner is an input device, which works more like a photocopy machine. It is used
when some information is available on paper and it is to be transferred to the hard disk of the
computer for further manipulation.

Function; A scanner scans documents such as photographs and pages of text. When a document
is scanned, it is converted into a digital format. This creates an electronic version of the
document that can be viewed and edited on a computer. Scanners work in conjunction with
computer software programs, which import data from the scanner. Most scanners include basic
scanning software that allows the user to configure, initiate, and import scans. Scanning plug-ins
can also be installed, which allow various software programs to import scanned images directly.
For example, if a scanner plug-in is installed for Adobe Photoshop, a user can create new images
in Photoshop directly from the connected scanner.

How it works? - Scanners operate by shining light at the object or document being digitized and
directing the reflected light (usually through a series of mirrors and lenses) onto a photosensitive
element. In most scanners, the sensing medium is an electronic, light-sensing integrated circuit
known as a charged coupled device (CCD). Light-sensitive photosites arrayed along the CCD
convert levels of brightness into electronic signals that are then processed into a digital image.

5) Bar Code Readers

Name: Abdulbasik, Alyshma Dhanra H. Subject: IT Application Tools In Business
Section: BSAC 1B Due Date: 09/25/20
Description; A barcode reader (or barcode scanner) is an optical scanner that can read printed
barcodes, decode the data contained in the barcode and send the data to a computer. Like a
flatbed scanner, it consists of a light source, a lens and a light sensor translating for optical
impulses into electrical signals. Additionally, nearly all barcode readers contain decoder circuitry
that can analyze the barcode's image data provided by the sensor and sending the barcode's
content to the scanner's output port.

Function; Bar Code Reader is a device used for reading bar coded data (data in the form of light
and dark lines). Bar coded data is generally used in labelling goods, numbering the books, etc. It
may be a handheld scanner or may be embedded in a stationary scanner. A barcode is used to
encode information in a visual pattern readable by a machine. Barcodes are used for a variety of
reasons including tracking products, prices, and stock levels for centralized recording in a
computer software system

How it works? - The sensor in the barcode scanner detects the reflected light from the
illumination system (the red light) and generates an analog signal that is sent to the decoder. The
decoder interprets that signal, validates the barcode using the check digit, and converts it into
text. This converted text is delivered by the scanner to a computer software system holding a
database of the maker, cost, and quantity of all products sold.

I. Give five examples of Output device with picture and discuss how it works
and what is the purpose of this device.

1) Monitor

Description; The term "monitor" is often used synonymously with "computer screen" or
"display." The monitor displays the computer's user interface and open programs, allowing the
user to interact with the computer, typically using the keyboard and mouse.
Name: Abdulbasik, Alyshma Dhanra H. Subject: IT Application Tools In Business
Section: BSAC 1B Due Date: 09/25/20
Function; A monitor consists of a screen, circuitry, a power supply, buttons to adjust screen
settings, and a casing that contains all of these components. A monitor displays data from a
computer onto a screen so the user can interact with the data via a digital interface. The purpose
of a computer monitor is to display text and graphics produced by computer programs and to
provide a visual interface for computer users. Monitors look like television sets and attach to the
main computer unit through a cable.

How it works? - Most modern computer monitors use LCD technology to translate information
from a computer's graphics card to a visual representation by modifying light as it passes through
liquid crystals. Older CRT monitors produce images by firing electrons at phosphor dots on the
screen. LCD monitors are much thinner than CRT monitors because they do not contain bulky
cathode ray tubes for creating electron streams.

2) Printer

Description; A printer is a peripheral device which makes a persistent representation of graphics

or text, usually on paper.

Function; The purpose of a printer is to create a copy of whatever is sent from the computer to
the printer. Printers take electronic data sent from a computer and generate a hard copy. Printers
mainly reproduce words or images on paper, card, plastic, fabric, or another material. It can
involve anything from making a single reproduction of a priceless painting to running off
millions of copies of the latest books, newspapers and magazines.

How it works? - Printers work by converting digital images and text into physical copies. They
do this using a driver or specialised software that has been designed to convert the file into a
language that the printer can understand. The image or text is then recreated on to the page using
a series of miniscule dots.

3) Headphones
Name: Abdulbasik, Alyshma Dhanra H. Subject: IT Application Tools In Business
Section: BSAC 1B Due Date: 09/25/20

Description; Headphones output audio from a computer through two individual headphones for a
single listener. Also known as earphones, headphones allow you to listen to audio without
disrupting other people in the vicinity.

Function; A pair of earphones or headphones is simply two speakers that are placed extremely
close to your ears, except that they are incredibly small.

How it works? - At the heart of headphones is a magnet, which houses a thin piece of copper
called a voice coil. When plugged the headphones into an electrical source, for instance a phone
or computer, a current is pumped into the voice coil, creating an electromagnetic field. Every
song/video/etc. that you play through your headphones has its own audio signal that emits a
varying electrical current. This current then pumps into the coil and moves it up and down inside
the magnetic housing. As a result, vibrations are created on the diaphragm, a large plastic disc
that is connected to the coil, causing it to move up and down and fracture the air to create the
sound waves and frequencies that correspond to your audio file.

4) Computer Speakers

Description; Computer speakers are hardware devices that transform the signal from the
computer's sound card into audio. Speakers create sound using internal amplifiers that vibrate at
different frequencies according to data from the computer. This produces sound.

Function; Speakers typically come in pairs, which allows them to produce stereo sound. This
means the left and right speakers transmit audio on two completely separate channels. By using
Name: Abdulbasik, Alyshma Dhanra H. Subject: IT Application Tools In Business
Section: BSAC 1B Due Date: 09/25/20
two speakers, music sounds much more natural since our ears are used to hearing sounds from
the left and right at the same time. Surround systems may include four to seven speakers (plus a
subwoofer), which creates an even more realistic experience.

How it works? - Speakers work by converting electrical energy into mechanical energy (motion).
The mechanical energy compresses air and converts the motion into sound energy or sound
pressure level (SPL). When an electric current is sent through a coil of wire, it induces a
magnetic field. n speakers, a current is sent through the voice coil which produces an electric
field that interacts with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet attached to the speaker.Like
charges repel each other and different charges attract. As an audio signal is sent through the
voice coil and the musical waveform moves up and down, the voice coil is attracted and repelled
by the permanent magnet.This makes the cone that the voice coil is attached to move back and
forth. The back and forth motion creates pressure waves in the air that we perceive as sound.

5) Projector

Description; A projector or image projector is an optical device that projects an image (or
moving images) onto a surface, commonly a projection screen. A projector or image projector is
an optical device that projects an image (or moving images) onto a surface, commonly a
projection screen. Most projectors create an image by shining a light through a small transparent
lens, but some newer types of projectors can project the image directly, by using lasers. A virtual
retinal display, or retinal projector, is a projector that projects an image directly on the retina
instead of using an external projection screen.

Function; Projectors are display devices and optical equipment you can use to project video,
slides, and images onto a screen, particularly in a classroom setting. Most people are familiar
with overhead projectors that project the contents of see-through laminates that size of bond
paper. There are also the slide projectors capable of blowing up full-color picture slides on a
projector’s screen.

How it works? - In a LCD projector, the first panel displays the image, which is split up into its
primary colors through a series of dichroic mirrors. Once the light is separated, it’s then passed
through another LCD panel (second of three), which recombines the colors by separating the
light into a spectra depending on what you want reflected and what’s allowed to get through.
Name: Abdulbasik, Alyshma Dhanra H. Subject: IT Application Tools In Business
Section: BSAC 1B Due Date: 09/25/20
Each panel shines a different color; either red green or blue, and sends them the through the final
LCD panel which bends the light depending on the level of electrical current. Finally, the last
dichroic mirror combines the red, green, and blue images into the complete picture, which is
magnified by a the onboard lens and shone onto your home theater’s screen.