FTTH webinar

Turn-up troubleshooting

Alfonso Domesi
Business Development Manager
Test and Measurement Division
May 20th , 2020
 1. Technology overview
AGENDA 2. Fiber link characterization
3. End User activation

2
 Connectors
Splices
Scratches

Defects
Optical return loss
Reflections
Attenuation
Macrobend
Signal impairments

Attenuation

Optical return loss

© 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 5

Technology overview

© 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 6

Next-Generation PON

© 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 7

Signal impairments

Old “slow” 1GigE signal Modern 10GigE signal

Clean connections Clean connections

0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0101010101010101010
0101010101010101010

© 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 8

Signal impairments

The faster the transmission, the less we can tolerate

Old “slow” 1GigE signal Modern 10GigE signal

Contaminated connections Contaminated connections

0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0101010101010101010
0101010101010101010

More affected by signal

impairments with
increased bit error rate

© 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 9

 1. Technology overview
AGENDA 2. Construction phase
3. End User activation

10
Fiber link characterization
Examples of Access Infrastructure Topologies
CO Horizontal Vertical In home

OL ONT
T

OL ONT
T

OL ONT
T

Remote ONT
DWDM OLT

© 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 12

To characterize a fiber link

OTDR User Testing direction CO

Laser
Coupler Connector

Detector

Controller and data

analysis

OTDR operation Display

An OTDR uses the Rayleigh scattering and Fresnel’s

reflection effects that are present in an optical fiber link. © 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 13
 OTDR approach. Complex task
Short pulse → Drop fiber characterization

OTDR setup changes depending on

the event that we want to
characterize.
• It is not possible to analyze a
complete link with a single pulse. Medium pulse → Splitter characterization

What length? For how long?

? ? ? Long pulse → Accurate End-to-End loss

What is the best Pulse Width?

• Short PW - Best resolution but Low Dynamic
• Long PW - Low resolution but Large Dynamic
 ‟
What is iOLM?
 How does it work?

Minimal user set up required

Select wavelengths, Launch cable length and Test Config

Automatically & dynamically determine all optimal test

parameters
(which pulses, how long for each pulse, etc….)

Get multiple OTDR fast acquisitions

@every pulses & @every wavelength

Analyze multiple OTDR traces

Combine results for display optical link view & diagnostics

 iOLM vs OTDR
OTDR: Single pulse IOLM™: Multipulses with smart recognition and
diagnostic
 iOLM diagnostics Global results

Whole link

Link summary

Event location and loss details

Diagnostics and user help

An expert always available to help you
Splice
SC/APC
Launch 25 m 12 m Macrobend
OTDR/iOLM A1
3 dB

1:32
280 m 800 m

50 m
A2
SC/APC

© 2020 EXFO Inc. 20200085 19

Don’t forget to inspect the connectors!

Dirty connectors are

the no.1 cause of
network failures © 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 20
Connector Inspection Criteria

Criteria are defined in the following standards:

IEC 61300-3-35

Fiber-Optic Interconnecting Devices and Passive Components—

Basic Test and Measurement Procedures
International Electrotechnical Commission
http://webstore.iec.ch/

IPC 8497-1
Cleaning Methods and Contamination Assessment
for Optical Assembly

http://www.ipc.org/
Institute for Interconnecting and
Packaging Electronic Circuits

© 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 21

Fully automated wireless fiber inspection probe

Auto-Detect
Auto-Center FAIL
Auto-Focus
Auto-Capture
Auto-Analysis
PASS
Standard compliant

FIP-435B

© 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 22

Construction phase first time right!

Constructed

Measured

Documented

© 2020 EXFO Inc. 20200085 23

 1. Technology overview
AGENDA 2. Fiber link characterization
3. End User activation

24
Next wave

Huge difference

More turn-up jobs

© 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 25

Link verification
Focus on very last mile
Horizontal Vertical In home

ONT Router

ONT Router

© 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 27

The check list

Link verification steps

• Verify connectors health
ONT Router
• Verify drop fiber loss
• Verify if the problem is in the last
drop fiber part
• Verify if the fiber is the right one
(continuity)
• If it is an active fiber, verify the
received Power level
Connector inspection

Power level check

Drop fiber loss / main impairment check

Fiber continuity – is it the right fiber ? © 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 28
Standard solution for the physical tests
Power check
Basic verification of the received
power, power checker.
1. Check if OLT is connected
(@1490nm).
2. Check the received power level.
If you do not receive the right power at
apartment level, then you need to
repeat the test at the splitter.
If at splitter I have the right power,
then I need to use other tool to locate
the problem.
EXFO Solution:
PPM-350D
Verify drop fiber loss Fiber inspection probe.
You need a (1310nm/1550nm) light 80% of problems are from
source at splitter point (ROE) and the dirty/damaged connectors.
power checker at apartment level.
Best practice:
To measure the fiber loss it is
compulsory to reference LightSource a) Inspect the connector against
to Power Meter. Once referenced specific common standard
connect the light source at the splitter b) Clean if needed
and the power checker at apartment to
c) Inspect again.
measure loss.
If values are too high it is compulsory
to use other tool to locate the root
cause of the High Loss.
EXFO Solution: EXFO Solution:
FLS-300 (1310/1550) FIP-435B
© 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 29
 Is there a better solution?

With current products we have a solution (Power Checker,

VFL, Light Source, PPM, OTDR), but not THE solution.
Too many devices, high overall ownership cost
(CAPEX, inventory, management, OPEX,
multiple devices, request a high educational
level to the tech)

What if…
Single product that integrates all you need for a day-by-
day job and it is so immediate that literally everyone can
use it?

© 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 30

Picture source: Post on LinkedIn

What’s an OFM?
An Optical Fiber Multimeter (OFM) is an
essential handheld tool for fiber optic
technicians, alike to well-known multimeters
used for electrical circuits.
OFM does quick measurements of multiple key
optical parameters such as loss (dB), optical
return loss (dB), length (meters) and power
(dBm).
It helps technicians verify fiber optic link health
and troubleshoot potential issues.
NEW
• The interpretation of those key parameters
allows technicians to diagnose basic
issues. For example, no power indicates
discontinuity; low power or high IL means
excessive attenuation; and
high ORL shows excessive reflectance.
• The source and location of issues can be
determined with further analysis and
frontline technicians would need additional
tools (e.g., VFL, fault locators or OTDRs)
to find out if high IL is caused by a bad
splice or a macrobend, or if the high ORL
is due to a dirty connector or bad mating.
• Top-shelf OFMs include fault-finding
capabilities, i.e., when issues are
suspected during the verification of the link
health, the unit locates and diagnoses
common faults automatically in addition to
identifying the causes. Such OFMs
empower technicians of any experience
level to perform on-the-go troubleshooting
in addition to the end-to-end sanity check
of the installation
© 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 31
Where an Optical Fiber Multimeter can help
Power check
No power indicates discontinuity, transposed fiber or active equipment OFF
• If Length shorter than expected, then look for locating the impairment on the fiber
• If Length as expected, look for potential transposed fibers, active equipment OFF or not connected to jumper, or break
• If Length as expected and high ORL, look for active equipment not connected to jumper or fiber break close to active
equipment

User CO

© 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 32

Where an Optical Fiber Multimeter can help
270 Hz

Fiber continuity

Dirty connectors

Macrobend

Bad splice

APC on UPC connection

© 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 33

OX1 Optical Explorer
First OFM in the market.
– An essential to boost efficiency
– Relevant at any time (installation, activation and repair)
– Super-easy, ultra-fast and accurate

Light Power Flash Fault Job

source Checker Advisor Xplorer management

© 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 34

 OX1 –Optical Explorer

Emphasis on
relevant data
80% Decrease of
expert network engineer's
involvement in simple B2B
tasks = more time for
serious problems*
Straightforward
operation ~60% Decrease of
Flash Advisor™ Fault Xplorer™ time to collect full
Lightning fast check of Swift link verification with
link embedded fault tracking
documentation from field
length and quality technicians*

© 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 35

*Data from a survey done with a group of OX1 users.
Service turn-up
The check list

Service turn-up steps

• Verify the OLT is connected
ONT Router
• Verify the received Power level
• Verify the OLT port is correct (GPON
ID)
• Verify Internet connection is available
(PPP/DHCP)
• Verify Internet speedtest

Connector inspection OLT port verification

Power level check Service verification

Drop fiber loss / main impairment check

Fiber continuity – is it the right fiber ? © 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 37
Turn-up workflow
OLT port verification
For the first customer connected to
the fiber the technician must verify the
GPON-ID of the OLT to confirm it is
connected to the right port.
Side test at this point is the power
meter.
Need the device able to read
the info (ID) from the OLT.
ONT registration
To activate the customer the
technician needs first to register the
specific GPON-ID of the ONT within
the system.
1. It is possible to use the user’s ONT
that already has the ID/SN set
2. Need to emulate the ONT setting
the right ID/SN in case it is not
possible to use the user’s ONT.
.
Need a device where to insert
the customer ONT-SFP and/or
the possibility to edit the ONT
ID/SN and connect to the OLT
for the registration.
Speedtest
Once the registration is done, the
closeout test is to perform a
Speedtest.
Test can be done at output of the
splitter, at Ethernet port of the ONT
and/or at Ethernet port of the
customer’s router.
Need a device that can run
Speedtest over the ONT-SFP
directly on the fiber, and on
Ethernet port and WiFi interface.
© 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 38
 EXFO EX1
Supported test interfaces:
• Ethernet up to 1Gigabit
• Wi-Fi 2.6 GHz and 5 GHz
• SFP/GPON (ITU-T G.984.x*)
Rechargeable battery for field test applications

Bluetooth 4.0 for straight forward connection to Android and/or iOS smart device with a
very intuitive application

Applications:
• Verify the activation procedure of the FTTH/GPON service
• FTTH/GPON network maintenance
• Verify the correct functionality of the network with possibility to locate the
problem at physical, GPON or service level
• Test the service from the OLT in the exchange down to the LAN port of the
customer’s router with a single device

*Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks (GPON) © 20120 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 39
Speedtest information

Information about the

assigned IP address
and the selected
OOKLA server

Latency, Download
and Upload test
result

Generate and export the test report

Start the Speedtest

© 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 40
WiFi—The most common cause of complaints

A
C

E D

© 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 41

Repeatability and OS agnostic

vs

© 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 42

FTTH kit
EXFO proposal

EXFO FTTH turn-up

kit ONT Router

OX1 EX1 FIP

Connector inspection OLT port verification

Power level check Service verification

Drop fiber loss / main impairment check

Fiber continuity – is it the right fiber ? © 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 44
Best practice
FIP-435B
Link verification steps
1. Inspect the connectors.
2. Verify if the drop fiber cable toward
the demarcation point is free of
impairments.
ONT Router
3. Measure the drop fiber loss toward
the demarcation point. This assure
that the job is done correctly and
there will be no need to come back
for the activation phase.
4. If it is an active fiber, read the
received power to confirm the level.
OX1
5. Only if required, execute the same
check list at demarcation point.
Connector inspection

Drop fiber loss / main impairment check

Job done!
Power level check
© 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 45
Best practice
Link verification steps
1. Inspect the connectors
2. Measure the received power level at
the splitter output
FIP-435B
FIP-435B ONT Router
3. Verify if the drop fiber cable toward
the user’s unit is free of impairments
4. Measure the drop fiber loss toward
the user’s unit. This allows to
estimate the received power at ONT
without the need to enter in the unit.
5. Only if required, execute the same
check list at demarcation point.
Connector inspection

Power level check

Drop fiber loss / main impairment check

Job done!
OX1 OX1 Fiber continuity – is it the right fiber ?
© 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 46
 Best practice
Service activation steps
1. Verify if the OLT is connected and
measure the received power level at
EX1 the splitter output
2. Verify if the fiber is connected to the
ONT Router right OLT port (GPON ID)
3. Verify the correct ONT registration
(SN). This assures that the service is
available without the need to enter in
the unit, good for self-installation kit.
4. Verify Internet connection is available
EX1 EX1
(PPP/DHCP) at ONT output
5. Verify Internet speedtest at router
interfaces (Ethernet and WiFi)
Optical connector
Ethernet WAN (VLAN/PPP)
OLT port verification
Job done!
Ethernet LAN (DHCP) Service verification
WiFi LAN (DHCP) © 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 47
EXFO FTTH turn-up kit solution
Physical layer
• Inspect the connectors
• Verify if the fiber is the right one (continuity)
• Verify drop fiber loss
• Verify if and where the problem is in the last drop fiber
part
• Verify the OLT is connected
• Verify the received Power level

Service layer
• Verify the OLT port connection is correct (GPON ID)
• Pre-Registration of the ONT (whitelisting)
• Verify the GPON operational layer status
• Verify Internet connectivity at Optical port
• Verify Internet connectivity at Ethernet port of ONT
• Verify Internet connectivity at Ethernet port of customer’s
router.
• Verify Internet speedtest on wired and wireless interfaces
© 2020 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. 48
Thank you
FTTx/PON testing reference poster EXFO Webinars
https://www.exfo.com/umbraco/surface/f https://www.exfo.com/en/resources/we
ile/download/?ni=13597&cn=en- binars/
US&pi=10500
www.exfo.com

FTTH PON Guide FTTH Be-an-Expert program

https://www.exfo.com/umbraco/surfac https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=
e/file/download/?ni=13623&cn=en- PL3585AC23FCCEBAAD
US&pi=10500
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