Ilmu Reproduksi Ternak

Pubertas
Perbedaan Fundamental antara jantan dan betina
Pulse
Patterns

Surge + Tonic

Tonic
 Pubertas
• Kemampuan menjalankan proses reproduksi.
Hormonal Genetic

Puberty

Environment Nutritional
 Hormonal

Peran GnRH Pulses

 GnRH Pulses menentukan Pubertas
• Prepubertal period
» minimal GnRH release
» FSH and LH low
» minimal to no folliculargenesis or spermatogenesis

• Puberty
» increase in the pulse frequency and amplitude of
GnRH release
» increase in FSH and LH pulses
» folliculargenesis and spermatogenesis occur
Perubahan Hormonal pada betina
Sekresi GnRH dari Hypothalamic

Low Amplitude
and Frequency
Sekresi GnRH dari Hypothalamic

Senger, 2012
Sekresi GnRH dari Hypothalamic

Pattern!!

Senger, 2012
 Surge

Tonic
Regulator GnRH Pulses saat Pubertas

• Perkembangan pusat surge

• Perubahan sensitifitas feedback terhadap
estradiol
Pengembangan
pusat
Hypothalamic
GnRH Surge

Puberty =
28 - 30 weeks
Development of
the
Hypothalamic
GnRH Surge
Center

Puberty =
28 - 30 weeks

Positive
Feedback is
possible prior
to puberty
 Changes in Feedback Sensitivity to Estradiol

Negative Feedback Decreased Neg. Feedback

Pubertas pada betina
Silent Ovulation (ovulasi tenang) saat pubertas
Perubahan Hormonal pada jantan
Genetics
Influence of Breed on Age of Puberty
Average Age at Puberty (Months)
Nutrition
Availability of Energy Changes with
Growth
 Effect of 2-deoxyglucose on LH Pulses
GnRH
Before 2DG During 2DG

3
LH (ng/ml)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Time (hours)
 Effect of 2-deoxyglucose on LH Pulses
GnRH
Before 2DG During 2DG

3
LH (ng/ml)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Time (hours)

Decreased Amplitude and

Frequency
 Effect of Nutrition on Puberty
12 1.5 lb/day
Body Weight (X 100 lbs.)

10 2.0 lb/day

8
1.2 lb/day
6

0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
Age (months)
% Berat dewasa saat Pubertas

Dairy Cattle 30-40%

Beef cattle 55-65%

Sheep 40- 63%

Environmental and Social Conditions
Pengaruh jumlah betina dikandangkan
bersama
dan
keberadaan pejantan
 32
28
Weeks
Weeks

24 Weeks

24 Weeks
 Pengaruh tingkat pertumbuhan dan keberadaan
pejantan terhadap umur pubertas

500 Moderate Growth Rate

449
Age at Puberty (days)

428 422 High Growth Rate

400 375

300

200

100

0
Hanya Heifers Bersama jantan
 Mechanism pengaruh Social
• Pheromones
• Impacts on GnRH
» Nasal receptors impact nerve tracts to the
hypothalamus
Hormonal Genetic

Puberty

Environment Nutritional
 Recommended Age to Breed
• Heifer 15 months (65% mature BW)

• Bull 15 natural mating, 12 months AI,

9 - 10 months IVF

• Filly 2-3 years

• Colt 2 years (immature behavior until 3)

• Gilt 8 – 9 months

• Boar 9 months