05| ‡KŠwbK MwZ m~Î ‡gvt kvn& Rvgvj

mnKvix Aa¨vcK (c`v_©weÁvb wefvM )

(Laws Of Angular Motion) we G Gd kvnxb K‡jR XvKv
‡dvb: 016 70856105, 9125630, 9115369

‡KŠwbK fi‡eM (Angular Momentum) t

N~Y©i MwZi Rb¨ GKwU e¯‘KYv †h fi‡eM cÖvß nq Zv‡K H e¯‘KYvi ‡KŠwbK fi‡eM e‡j|
Ab¨ K_vq, †Kvb e¯‘KYvi ‰iwLK fi‡eM Ges †Kvb we›`y †_‡K fi‡e‡Mi wµqv †iLvi j¤^
`~i‡Z¡i ¸bdj‡K H we›`yi mv‡c‡ÿ e¯‘KYvwUi †KŠwbK fi‡eM e‡j|
e¨vL¨v t N~Y©b †K‡›`ªi mv‡c‡ÿ †Kvb KYvi e¨vmva© †f±i ev Ae¯’vb †f±i Ges

H KYvi ˆiwLK fi‡e‡Mi †f±i ¸bdj‡K †KŠwbK fi‡eM e‡j| Ae¯’vb †f±i r Ges
   
H KYvi ˆiwLK fi‡eM p n‡j, H we›`yi mv‡c‡ÿ KYvwUi †KŠwbK fi‡eM L  r  p

 L  rpSin 

om
PµMwZi e¨vmva© (Radius of Gyration) t
N~Y©b Aÿ †_‡K Ggb GKwU `~iZ¡ Av‡Q †hLv‡b e¯‘i mg¯Í fi‡K †K›`ªxf~Z ai‡j RoZvi åvg‡Ki †Kvb cwieZ©b nqbv| H

.c
`~iZ¡‡K PµMwZi e¨vmva© e‡j|

24
e¨vL¨vt hw` †Kvb e¯‘i mgMÖ fi M nq Ges GKwU ivwk, K Ggb fv‡e †bIqv nq hv‡Z e¯‘wUi mg¯Í fi NyY©b Aÿ
†_‡K K `~i‡Z¡ cywÄf~Z _v‡K Ges e¯‘wU GKB †KŠwbK †e‡M Nyi‡Z _v‡K Z‡e,

bd
I  MK 2  m1r12  m2 r22  m3r32  ... ... ... ...  mn rn2 GB `~iZ¡ K †K PµMwZi e¨vmva© e‡j|

|e
RoZvi åvgK (Moment of Inertia) t
al
‡Kvb N~Y©vqgvb e¯‘i cÖ‡Z¨KwU KYvi fi Ges N~Y©b Aÿ‡_‡K G‡`i cÖ‡Z¨KwU `~i‡Z¡i e‡M©i ¸bd‡ji mgwó‡K H A‡ÿi
m
mv‡c‡ÿ H e¯‘wUi RoZvi åvgK e‡j| G‡K I Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
Ja

e¨vL¨vt g‡b Kwi, †Kvb e¯‘i KYv¸‡jvi fi h_vµ‡g m1, m2, m3 .......................|
GB KYv¸‡jvi N~Y©b Aÿ ‡_‡K h_vµ‡g r1, r2, r3, .................... BZ¨vw` j¤^ `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z| myZivs H A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ
ah

e¯‘wUi RoZvi åvgK I  m1r12  m2 r22  m3 r32  ... ... ... ...  mn rn2
Sh

 I   mi ri
2
Gi gvÎv ML2 Ges Gi GKK Kgm2
d

MwZkw³ cÖKv‡ki ivwkgvjv t

M

g‡b Kwi, M fi wewkó †Kvb e¯‘‡Z N msL¨K KYv Av‡Q| e¯‘wU BD A‡ÿi PZ©y„w`‡K mg‡KŠwbK †e‡M N~Y©vqgvb| GB
r

N~Y‡© bi Kvi‡Y e¯‘wU †h MwZ kw³ jvf K‡i Zv‡K N~Y©b MwZkw³ e‡j| g‡b Kwi M f‡ii e¯‘wU m1, m2, m3............AmsL¨
so

e¯‘ KYvi mgwó Ges N~Y©b Aÿ †_‡K h_vµ‡g r1, r2, r3, .................. rn `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z| †Kvb Aÿ †_‡K N~Y©bkxj †Kvb e¯‘i
es

`~iZ¡ ej‡Z Avgiv j¤^ `~iZ¡ eywS| KYv ¸wji mg‡KŠwbK †eM GKB A_©vr wKš‘ N~Y©b Aÿ †_‡K KYv¸wji `~iZ¡ GK bq
e‡j G‡`i ˆiwLK †eM GK n‡e bv| m1 f‡ii KYvi ˆiwLK †eM v1 = r1
of

 m1 KYvi MwZkw³ , E1  12 m1v12  12 m1 2 r12

Pr

Avevi m2 f‡ii KYvi ˆiwLK †eM v2 = r2

 m 2 KYvi MwZkw³ , E 2  12 m2 v22  12 m2 2 r22
Gfv‡e Avgiv cÖ‡Z¨K KYvi MwZ kw³ wbY©q Ki‡Z cvwi Ges GB KYv¸‡jvi MwZ
kw³ †hvM K‡i Avgiv mgMÖ e¯‘i MwZ kw³ wbY©q Ki‡Z cvwi| myZivs mgMÖ e¯‘i MwZkw³,
E = E1+E2+E3+ ..................... +En
 E  12 m1 2 r12  12 m2 2 r22  12 m3 2 r32 ..................  12 mn 2 rn2

 E  12  2 m1r12  m2 r22  m3r32 ..................  mn rn2 
E   I 1
2
2
 I  m r 1 1
2
 m r  m r ...............  mn rn2   mi ri 2 GLv‡ b, I RoZvi åvgK
2 2
2
3 3
2

Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics http://ebd24.com
 05| ‡KŠwYK MwZm~Î (Laws Of Angular Motion) 2
e¯‘wU GKK mg‡KŠwbK †e‡M Nyi‡j =1 mgxKi‡Y ewm‡q cvB,
E 12 1I  E 12 I A_©vr GKK mg‡KŠwbK †e‡M Nyb©vqgvb †Kvb e¯‘i MwZkw³ Gi RoZvi åvg‡Ki A‡a©K|
 I2E A_©vr GKK mg‡KŠwbK †e‡M Nyb©vqgvb †Kvb e¯‘i RoZvi åvgK e¯‘i MwZkw³i wظb|
UK© (Torque) t
‡Kvb ej †Kvb e¯‘i Dci cÖhy³ n‡q †Kvb we›`y ev A‡ÿi PZzw`©‡K †h cwigvb Nyivevi
ÿgZv iv‡L Zv‡K H we›`y ev A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ H e‡ji UK© e‡j| GK K_vq, N~Y©vqgvb
‡Kvb KYvi e¨vmva© †f±i I KYvi Dci cÖhy³ e‡ji ‡f±i ¸Ydj‡K UK© e‡j| UK©‡K 

Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| N~Y©b †K‡›`ªi mv‡c‡ÿ †Kvb KYvi e¨vmva© †f±i r Ges H KYvi Dci
  
cÖhy³ ej F n‡j H †K‡›`ªi mv‡c‡ÿ KYvwUi Dci cÖhy³ UK©   r  F
 
   rFSin  GLv‡b  n‡”Q r I F Gi ga¨eZ©x †KvY| UK© GKwU ‡f±i ivwk|

om
U‡K©i GKK Nm I Gi gvÎv = e‡ji gvÎv × `~i‡Z¡i gvÎv = MLT-2×L= ML2T-2

.c
UK© I ‡KŠwbK Z¡i‡Yi g‡a¨ m¤úK© A_©vr I Gi cÖgvb (Relation with Torque and angular acceleration) t

24
‡Kvb w¯’i A‡ÿi Pvwiw`‡K N~b©vqgvb e¯‘i UK© Zvi RoZvi åvgK I †KŠwbK Z¡i‡Yi ¸Yd‡ji mgvb|

bd
cÖgvY: g‡b Kwi, GKwU `„p e¯‘i Dci  UK© cÖ‡qvM Kivq Dnv XY A‡ÿi Pvwiw`‡K  mg‡KŠwbK Z¡i‡Y Nyi‡Q|

|e
e¯‘wU‡Z n msL¨K KYv Av‡Q, hv‡`i fi h_vµ‡g m1, m2, m3, ................ mn Ges XY Aÿ n‡Z KYv¸‡jvi `~iZ¡ h_vµ‡g
r1, r2, r3, ............... rn awi KYv¸‡jvi Dci wµqviZ UK© h_vµ‡g h_vµ‡g 123n GLb
m1 f‡ii KYvi †KŠwbK Z¡iY = 
al
m
m1 f‡ii KYvi ‰iwLK Z¡iY = r1
Ja

m1 f‡ii KYvi Dci Kvh©Ki ej = m1r1

m1 f‡ii KYvi Dci Kvh©Ki UK©  1  m1r12 Abyiƒcfv‡e,
ah

m2 f‡ii KYvi Dci Kvh©Ki UK©  2  m2 r22

....... ....... ....... ....... ...... ...... ....... ........ ....... .......
Sh

mn f‡ii KYvi Dci Kvh©Ki UK©  n  m r  n n

2

myZivs †gvU UK©,  1n

d
M

  m1r12  m2 r22  m3 r32  .............  mn rn2


   m1r12  m 2 r22  m 3 r32  .............  m n rn2  
r
so

  I  (cÖgvwYZ)  I  m r 1 1
2
 m2 r22  m3 r32  .............  mn rn2 
es

d d
Avevi   I (cÖgvwYZ) [   ]
dt dt
of
Pr

GKwU miæ I mylg `‡Ûi ga¨we›`y w`‡q Ges ˆ`‡N©¨i j¤^fv‡e MgbKvix A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ `‡›`i RoZvi åvgK Ges PµMwZi
e¨vmva© wbY©q t
g‡b Kwi, AB GKwU miæ `Û| Gi ˆ`‡N¨©i ga¨we›`y O w`‡q Ges ˆ`‡N©¨i j¤^fv‡e MgbKvix PQ A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ H `‡Ûi
RoZvi åvgK wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e| aiv hvK, `‡Ûi ˆ`N©¨ l Ges fi M |
M
`‡Ûi cÖwZ GKK ˆ`‡N©¨i fi 
l
myZivs Aÿ †_‡K x `~i‡Z¡ dx ˆ`‡N©¨i GKwU ÿz`ªvwZÿz`ª As‡ki fi, dm   M dx
 l 
GLb PQ A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ dx ˆ`‡N©¨i As‡ki RoZvi åvgK M M
dI  x 2 dm  x 2  dx  x 2 dx
 l  l
Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics http://ebd24.com
 05| ‡KŠwYK MwZm~Î (Laws Of Angular Motion) 3
l l
GLb GB mgxKi‡Yi Wvb cvk‡K x   †_‡K x  mxgvi g‡a¨ mgvKjb Ki‡j mgMÖ `‡Ûi RoZvi åvgK I cvIqv
2 2
l
2
M 2
hvq, I  x dx
l l
-
2
l
2
M 2
I x dx
l l
-
2
l
M  x 21  2
I 
l  3   l

om
2
3 3
M  l   l  

.c
 I        
3l  2   2  

24
M l 3 l3 

bd
I   
3l  8 8 

|e
Ml 2
I 
12
awi PµMwZi e¨vmva© K  MK 2 
Ml 2
K 
l al
m
12 12
Ja

GKwU miæ I mylg `‡Ûi GK cÖvšÍ w`‡q Ges ˆ`‡N©¨i j¤^fv‡e MgbKvix A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ `‡›`i RoZvi åvgK Ges PµMwZi
ah

e¨vmva© wbY©q t
g‡b Kwi, AB GKwU miæ `Û| Gi GK cÖvš A w`‡q Ges ˆ`‡N©¨i j¤^fv‡e MgbKvix PQ A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ H `‡Ûi RoZvi
Sh

åvgK wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e| aiv hvK, `‡Ûi ˆ`N©¨ l Ges fi M |

d

M
`‡Ûi cÖwZ GKK ˆ`‡N©¨i fi =
M

l
myZivs Aÿ †_‡K x `~i‡Z¡ dx ˆ`‡N©¨i GKwU ÿz`ªvwZÿz`ª As‡ki fi, dm   M dx
r
so

 l 
GLb PQ As‡ki mv‡c‡ÿ dx ˆ`‡N©¨i As‡ki RoZvi åvgK M M
es

dI  x 2 dm  x 2  dx  x 2 dx
 l  l
of

GLb GB mgxKi‡Yi Wvb cvk‡K x = 0 †_‡K x = l mxgvi g‡a¨ mgvKjb Ki‡j mgMÖ `‡Ûi RoZvi åvgK I cvIqv hvq,
l
Pr

M 2
I x dx
0
l
l
M 2
l 0
I x dx
l
M  x 21 
I 
l  3  0
M 3
I
3l

l  03 

Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics http://ebd24.com

 05| ‡KŠwYK MwZm~Î (Laws Of Angular Motion) 4
M
 I  l3
3l
1 2
 I  Ml
3
1 l
awi PµMwZi e¨vmva© K  MK 2  Ml 2  K 
3 3

cvZjv e„ËvKvi PvKwZi c„‡ôi Awfj¤^fv‡e MgbKvix A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ PvKwZi RoZvi åvgK Ges PµMwZi e¨vmva© wbY©q t
aiv hvK BCD GKwU e„ËvKvi PvKwZ| Gi fi‡K›`ª O Ges c„‡ôi mv‡_ j¤^fv‡e
MgbKvix PQ A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ H PvKwZi RoZvi åvgK wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
aiv hvK PvKwZi fi M Ges e¨vmva© r|

om
myZivs PvKwZi †ÿÎdj A=r2 |
M M
 PvKwZi cÖwZ GKK †ÿÎd‡ji fi,  2|

.c
A r

24
GLb Aÿ †_‡K x `~i‡Z¡ dx cÖ‡¯’i GKwU miæ ejq Kíbv Kiv hvK|
GB ej‡qi †ÿÎdj = ej‡qi cwiwa × ej‡qi cÖ¯’

bd
= 2xdx

|e
M
myZivs GB ÿz`ªvwZÿz`ª Ask 2xdx ‡ÿÎd‡ji fi, dm  2xdx
r 2
2M
 dm  2 xdx al
m
r
GLb PQ A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ GB dx cÖ‡¯’i miæ ej‡qi RoZvi åvgK dI
Ja

 2M 
dI  x 2dm  x 2  2  x dx
ah

 r 
2M
ev, dI   2  x 3 dx
Sh

 r 
GLb GB mgxKi‡Yi Wvb cvk‡K x = 0 ‡_‡K x = r mxgvi g‡a¨ mgvKjb Ki‡j mgMÖ cv‡Zi RoZvi åvgK I
d

r
M

 2M 
cvIqv hvq| I    2  x 3 dx
0
r 
r
so

r
2M 3
r 2 0
 x dx
es

r
2M  x 31 
of

 2 
r  3  1 0
Pr

2M 4 r

4r 2
 
x 0
2M

 2 r 4  04
4r

1
 I  Mr 2
2
1 r
awi PµMwZi e¨vmva© K  MK 2  Mr 2  K 
2 2

Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics http://ebd24.com

 05| ‡KŠwYK MwZm~Î (Laws Of Angular Motion) 5
cvZjv I mymg AvqZvKvi cv‡Zi fi‡K›`ª w`‡q Ges c„‡ôi Awfj¤^fv‡e MgbKvix A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ H cv‡Zi RoZvi
åvgK wbY©q t
aiv hvK, GKwU cvZjv I mymg AvqZKvi cvZ ABCD
PQ AÿwU AvqZKvi cvZwUi mv‡_ Awfj¤^fv‡e Gi fi†K›`ª O w`‡q wM‡q‡Q| PQ A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ cvZwUi RoZvi åvgK
wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
g‡b Kwi, cvZwUi ‰`N©¨, cÖ¯’ I fi h_vµ‡g l, b I M |
AB evûi mgvšÍivj I O we›`yw`‡q AwZµvšÍ Aÿ OX Gi mv‡c‡ÿ cv‡Zi
Mb 2
RoZvi åvgK, I x 
12
Abyiƒcfv‡e, AD evûi mgvšÍivj I O we›`yw`‡q AwZµvšÍ Aÿ OY Gi mv‡c‡ÿ cv‡Zi
Ml 2

om
RoZvi åvgK, I y 
12
GLb j¤^ Aÿ Dccv`¨ Abyhvqx PQ A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ AvqZKvi cv‡Zi RoZvi åvgK I n‡e,

.c
I=Ix +Iy

24
Mb 2 Ml 2
I 

bd
12 12
M
 I  b 2  l 2 

|e
12

al
m fi wewkó GKwU e¯‘ r e¨mv‡a©i e„ËvKvi c‡_ v mg`ªæwZ‡Z Nyi‡Q| (1) ‡`LvI †h, j¤^ Z¡iY a 
v2
  2 r ev (2)
m
r
Ja

v2
j¤^ Z¡i‡Yi ivwkgvjv wbb©q Ki| (3) cÖgvb Ki †h, †K›`ªgyLx ej F  m  m  2 r ev, (4) e„ËvKvi c‡_ mg`ªæwZ‡Z
r
ah

N~b©vqgvb †Kvb e¯‘i Dci wµqvkxj †K›`ªgyLx e‡ji ivwkgvjv wbY©q |

Sh

g‡b Kwi, m fi wewkó GKwU e¯‘KYv O we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i r e¨vmv‡a©i GKwU e„ËvKvi c‡_ v mg`ªæwZ‡Z Nyi‡Q|
Gfv‡e Nyi‡Z Nyi‡Z e¯‘ KYvwU †Kvb GK mgq A we›`y‡Z G‡m †cŠwQj| hw` e¯‘ KYvwUi Dci †K›`ªgyLx ej wµqv bv KiZ
d

Z‡e KYvwU ¯úk©K AC eivei AMÖmi nZ| g‡b Kwi G Ae¯’vq AwZ Aí t mg‡q e¯‘ KYvwU A we›`y n‡Z C we›`y‡Z
M

†cŠQZ|
AZGe Avgiv cvB,
r
so

AC = BD = vt ... ... ... ... ... (1)

wKš‘ †h‡nZz KYvwUi Dci †K›`ªgyLx ej wµqv Ki‡Q, †m‡nZz KYvwU A
es

we›`y n‡Z C we›`y‡Z bv wM‡q ej KZ…K m„ó Z¡i‡Yi d‡j B we›`y‡Z G‡m AOR
of

e¨v‡mi mgvšÍiv‡j CB Gi mgvb `~iZ¡ AwZµg Ki‡e e‡j Mb¨ Kiv hvq|
Pr

CB = AD = 0 + 12 at2 ... ... ... ... ... (2)

 GLb B †_‡K AOR c‡_ e¨v‡mi Dci j¤^ †U‡b ACBD mgvšÍwiKwU
c~b© Kwi| Kv‡RB wPÎ n‡Z
Avgiv cvB, OBD mg‡Kvbx, OB AwZf~R,
BD2 + OD2 = OB2
ev, BD2 = OB2 OD2
ev, BD2 = OB2 ( OA AD)2
ev, (vt)2 = r2 ( r  12 at2)2 [ †h‡nZz BD = vt, OB= OA = r Ges AD = 1
2 at2 ]
ev, v t = r ( r r 12 at + 14 a2t4)
2 2 2 2 2

Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics http://ebd24.com

 05| ‡KŠwYK MwZm~Î (Laws Of Angular Motion) 6
ev, v t = r r r at  a2t4
2 2 2 2 1
2
2 1
4

ev, v2t2 = ra t2 0 [ t ÿz`ª e‡j 14 a2t4 = 0]

v2t2
ev , a 
rt 2
v 2 2 r 2
a    2 r ... ... ... ... (3)
r r
‡K›`ªgyLx ej, F = ma
v 2 mv 2 mω 2 r 2
F  m    m 2 r...............(4)
r r r
() bs mgxKiY †K›`ªgyLx Z¡i‡Yi ivwkgvjv Ges (4) bs mgxKiY †K›`ªgyLx e‡ji ivwkgvjv|

om
ˆiwLK †eM I ‡KŠwbK †e‡Mi cv_©K¨|

.c
µwgK ˆiwLK †eM ‡KŠwbK †eM

24
1 ˆiwLK c‡_ wbw`©ó w`‡K e¯‘ GKK mg‡q †h †Kvb KYv ‡Kvb we›`y‡K †K›`ª K‡i Nyievi mgq GKK mg‡q
c_ AwZµg K‡i Zv‡K ˆiwLK †eM e‡j| †K‡›`ª †h ‡KvY Drcbœ K‡i Zv‡K ‡KŠwbK †eM e‡j|

bd
2 ˆiwLK †eM‡K v Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| †KŠwbK †eM‡K  Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|

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3 ˆiwLK ‡e‡Mi GKK ms -1
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RoZvi åvg‡Ki j¤^ Aÿ Dcv`¨wU eY©bv I cÖgvY t

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j¤^ Aÿ Dccv`¨t †Kvb cvZjv mgZj cv‡Zi Z‡j Aew¯’Z `ywU ci¯úi
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mg‡KvYx A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ cvZwUi RoZvi åvgK؇qi mgwó H cv‡Z Aew¯’Z

`yB A‡ÿi †Q` we›`y‡Z AswKZ j¤^ Aÿ mv‡c‡ÿ cvZwUi RoZvi åvg‡Ki mgvb|
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g‡b Kwi †Kvb mgZj cv‡Zi Dci Aew¯’Z `ywU ci¯úi j¤^ Aÿ OX
Ges OY eivei G‡`i RoZvi åvgK h_vµ‡g Ix I Iy| awi H cv‡Z Aew¯’Z `yB
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A‡ÿi †Q` we›`y‡Z AswKZ j¤^ OZ eivei cv‡Zi RoZvi åvgK Iz| cÖgvb Ki‡Z
n‡e †h, Iz =Ix + Iy
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AsKb t GKwU cvZjv mgZj cvZ wbB| GB cv‡Zi Dci OX Ges OY `ywU ci¯úi j¤^ Aÿ AsKb Kwi| Aÿ
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؇qi †Q` we›`y w`‡q O w`‡q Ges cv‡Zi Z‡ji Awfj¤^fv‡e MgbKvix Aÿ OZ AsKY Kwi|
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cÖgvYt g‡b Kwi cvZjv mgZj cv‡Zi Dci j¤^^fv‡e Aew¯’Z OX Ges OY AÿØq O we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i| GB
†Q`we›`y O w`‡q AswKZ OZ AÿwU mgZj cv‡Zi cv‡Zi Dci j¤^| g‡b Kwi GB cv‡Zi Dci P we›`y‡Z Aew¯’Z GKwU
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KYvi fi m| OY, OX Ges OZ Aÿ †_‡K P we›`yi j¤^ `yiZ¡ h_vµ‡g x, y I z|  Z 2  x 2  y 2

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GLb aiv hvK, cvZwU m1, m2 ....... mi BZ¨vw` f‡ii AmsL¨ KYvi mgš^‡q MwVZ| OY Aÿ †_‡K GB KYv ¸‡jvi
j¤^ `~iZ¡ h_vµ‡g x1, x2 ....... xi .... OX Aÿ †_‡K G‡`i j¤^ `~iZ¡ h_vµ‡g y1, y2 ....... yi ... Ges OZ Aÿ †_‡K G‡`i
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j¤^ `~iZ¡ h_vµ‡g z1, z2 ....... zi ...BZ¨vw`| myZivs OZ A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ cvZwUi RoZvi åvgK
I z   m i z i2
 I z   m i ( x i2  y i2 )
 I z   m i x i2   m i y 2i
wKš‘  m i x i2  I y n‡”Q OY A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ RoZvi åvgK|
Ges  m i y i2  I x n‡”Q OX A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ RoZvi åvgK|
Iz  Ix  Iy

Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics http://ebd24.com

 05| ‡KŠwYK MwZm~Î (Laws Of Angular Motion) 7
RoZvi åvg‡Ki mgvšÍivj Aÿ Dcv`¨wU eY©bv I cÖgvY t

mgvšÍivj Aÿ Dccv`¨ (Parallel axis theorem) t

†h †Kvb A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ †Kvb mgZj cvZjv cv‡Zi RoZvi åvgK cvZwUi fvi‡K›`ªMvgx Zvi mgvšÍivj A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ
RoZvi fvgK Ges cv‡Zi fi I H `yB A‡ÿi ga¨eZ©x `~i‡Z¡i e‡M©i ¸Yd‡ji mgwói mgvb|
e¨vL¨vt aiv hvK KvM‡Ri Z‡j Aew¯’Z AB †Kvb GKwU Aÿ Ges CD Zvi mgvšÍivj Avi GKwU Aÿ| CD AÿwU
M f‡ii cvZjv mgZj cv‡Zi fvi‡K›`ª G w`‡q AwZµvšÍ| hw` mgvšÍivj AÿØq AB I CD-Gi ga¨eZ©x `~iZ¡ h Ges
AB I CD-Gi mv‡c‡ÿ cvZwUi RoZvi åvgK h_vµ‡g I I IG nq Z‡e Dccv`¨ Abymv‡i cÖgvY Ki‡Z n‡e †h,
I=IG+Mh2 |

cÖgvYt awi cvZwU m1,m2,m3 BZ¨vw` f‡ii e¯‘ KYvi mgš^‡q MwVZ| CD Aÿ n‡Z

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KYv¸‡jvi `~iZ¡ h_vµ‡g x1, x2, x3 BZ¨vw`| Zv n‡j AB A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ
m1 f‡ii KYvi RoZvi åvgK = m1(x1+h)2=m1 x12+m1h2+2m1 x1 h Abyiƒcfv‡e,

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m2 f‡ii KYvi RoZvi åvgK = m2(x2+h)2=m2 x22+m2h2+2m2 x2 h; I

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m3 f‡ii KYvi RoZvi åvgK = m3(x3+h)2=m3 x32+m3h2+2m3 x3 h BZ¨vw`|
AB A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ mgMÖ cv‡Zi RoZvi åvgK I n‡j Dc‡iv³ RoZvi åvgK¸‡jvi

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mgwói mgvb|

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 I = m1x12+m1 h2+2m1 x1h + m2 x22+m2 h2+2m2 x2h + m3 x32+m3 h2+2m3 x3 h + ... ... ...
ev, I  mx 2  h 2 m  2hmx
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GLv‡b, mx  CD A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ mgMÖ cv‡Zi fi åvgK| wKš‘ mgMÖ cv‡Zi IRb G we›`y w`‡q CD †iLv eivei
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wbgœgy‡L wµqv Kivq CD A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ cvZwUi fi fªvgK, mx  0 Avevi m  M I I G  mx 2
Ja

 I = IG+Mh2
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euvKv c‡_ mvB‡Kj Av‡ivnxi Dj‡¤^i mv‡_ †njvb †Kv‡Yi ivwkgvjv t

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‡Kvb mvB‡Kj Av‡ivnx hLb †mvRv c‡_ P‡j ZLb mvB‡Kjmn Av‡ivnxi IRb W=mg Lvov wb‡Pi w`‡K Ges iv¯Ívi
cÖwZwµqv R Lvov Dci w`‡K wµqv K‡i| iv¯Ívi euvK wb‡Z n‡j mvB‡Kj Av‡ivnx‡K euv‡Ki wfZ‡ii w`‡K KuvZ n‡q euvK
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wb‡Z n‡e| iv¯Ívi euvK wb‡Z n‡j mvB‡Kj Av‡ivnx‡K e„ËvKvi MwZ m¤úbœ n‡Z nq Ges Gi Rb¨ †K›`ª gyLx e‡ji cÖ‡qvRb
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nq| GB †K›`ª gyLx ej IRb W Ges iv¯Ívi cÖwZwµqv R n‡Z msM„nxZ nq| ‡h‡nZz IRb me©`v fvi‡K›`ª n‡Z Lvov wb‡Pi
r

w`‡K wµqv K‡i, Kv‡RB cÖwZwµqv R -†K Awfj‡¤^i mv‡_ bZ n‡Z nq| G‡Z R Gi `ywU Dcvsk cvIqv hvq| Dj¤^ Dcvsk
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f~wgi mgvšÍiv‡j ‡K›`ªgyLx e‡ji †RvMvb †`q Ges Abyf~wgK Dcvsk Lvov Dc‡ii w`‡K wµqv K‡i IRb W -‡K cÖkwgZ
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K‡i|
hw` R Awfj‡¤^i mv‡_  †KvY Drcbœ K‡i, Z‡e Gi Abyf~wgK Dcvsk
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Rcos= W = mg n‡e Ges Dj¤^ Dcvsk Rsin †K›`ªgyLx e‡ji cwigvc wb‡`©k K‡i| hw`
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iv¯Ívi euvK wb‡Z mvB‡Kj v `ªæwZ‡Z r e¨vmv‡a©i e„ËvKvi c_ AbymiY K‡i, Z‡e Avgiv cvB,
mv 2
‡K›`ªgyLx ej, R sin   Ges R cos  mg
r
mv 2
R sin 
d‡j,  r
R cos mg
mv 2 1 v2
 tan      tan 1 †`Lv hvq †h,, euvK wb‡Z n‡j †h †Kv‡Y †n‡j _vK‡Z nq Zv mvB‡Kj
r mg rg
Av‡ivnxi f‡ii Dci wbf©i K‡i bv| wbf©i K‡i Av‡ivnxi MwZ‡eM I MwZ c‡_i e¨vmv‡a©i Dci|
Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics http://ebd24.com
 05| ‡KŠwYK MwZm~Î (Laws Of Angular Motion) 8
‡KŠwbK fi †e‡Mi ivwkgvjvt
g‡b Kwi, GKwU e¯‘ †Kvb GKwU A‡ÿi mv‡c‡ÿ  mg‡KŠwbK `ªæwZ‡Z N~Y©vqgvb| D³ e¯‘i †h †Kvb GKwU KYvi
fi m1 , N~Y©b Aÿ †_‡K LYvwUi j¤^ `~iZ¡ r1 Ges KYwUi †eM v1 n‡j
N~Y©b Aÿ mv‡c‡ÿ KYvwUi †KŠwbK fi‡eM  m1v1r1
 m1 r12 [ v1   r1 ]
Abyiƒ‡c, N~Y©b Aÿ mv‡c‡ÿ m 2 KYvwUi †KŠwbK fi‡eM  m 2 r22 Gfv‡e cÖwZwU e¯‘ KYvi Rb¨ †KŠwbK fi‡eM †ei
K‡i Zv‡`i mgwó wb‡j m¤ú~Y© e¯‘wUi I KŠwbK fi‡eM L cvIqv hv‡e|
 L  m1 r12  m 2  r22  m 3 r32  ................
 L   (m1r12  m 2 r22  m 3r32  ................)
 L  I [ I  (m1r12  m2 r22  m3 r32  ................)]

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Md. Shah Jamal Asst. Professor of Physics http://ebd24.com