Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Lesson 3

    Uploaded by

    Iamrozens Wife
    4 views2 pages
    Thompson's plum pudding model from the late 1800s proposed that atoms are composed of negatively charged electrons distributed throughout a positively charged sphere, similar to plums in pudding. Later experiments and models refined this understanding, showing that atoms have a small, dense positively charged nucleus at the center with electrons orbiting around it, leaving most of an atom empty space. Rutherford's gold foil experiment in the early 1900s demonstrated the small size of the nucleus and that most alpha particles pass through the atom undeflected, with some deflecting or rebounding, proving the nuclear structure of atoms.

    Original Description:

    Original Title

    Lesson 3 (2)

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    Thompson's plum pudding model from the late 1800s proposed that atoms are composed of negatively charged electrons distributed throughout a positively charged sphere, similar to plums in pudding. Later experiments and models refined this understanding, showing that atoms have a small, dense positively charged nucleus at the center with electrons orbiting around it, leaving most of an atom empty space. Rutherford's gold foil experiment in the early 1900s demonstrated the small size of the nucleus and that most alpha particles pass through the atom undeflected, with some deflecting or rebounding, proving the nuclear structure of atoms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    4 views2 pages

    Lesson 3

    Uploaded by

    Iamrozens Wife
    Thompson's plum pudding model from the late 1800s proposed that atoms are composed of negatively charged electrons distributed throughout a positively charged sphere, similar to plums in pudding. Later experiments and models refined this understanding, showing that atoms have a small, dense positively charged nucleus at the center with electrons orbiting around it, leaving most of an atom empty space. Rutherford's gold foil experiment in the early 1900s demonstrated the small size of the nucleus and that most alpha particles pass through the atom undeflected, with some deflecting or rebounding, proving the nuclear structure of atoms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 2

    Thompson’s atomic model is popularly known as the plum pudding model of an atom.

    J. J. Thompson (1856- 1940) discovered that an atom is also composed of negatively


    charged particles (electrons) using the CRT experiment. CRT is a glass tube with two
    electrodes: the positive electrode called anode and the negative electrode called
    cathode. When a glass is placed inside the tube and electricity passes through it, light
    rays (cathode rays) will be released from the negative electrode and hit the positive
    electrode.

    Figure 3.1 Thompsons’ atomic model shows that negatively charged electrons were
    randomly placed in an atom, similar to the way plums are randomly scattered in
    pudding.
    Source:https://www.google.com/search?
    q=the+nuclear+model+of+an+atom&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjAva
    XgsfPxAhWFat4KHVA2BVUQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=d1p-
    i5Yi20NFsM

    In 1866, Eugen Goldstein (1850-1930) discovered the positively charged


    subatomic particle as a component of anode rays (also called canal rays).
    Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937) coined the term proton for the positively charged
    particle in an atom. Ernest Rutherford verified Thompsons’ model by conducting his
    gold foil experiment using naturally radioactive substances that emitted alpha rays. This
    experiment proved that the nucleus is a positively charged core. He described this
    atomic model as; an atom is mostly an empty space that has a nucleus and electrons
    revolving around it. The following are his observations:
    Most of the alpha particles passed through the gold foil undefleccted.
    Some alpha particles passed through the gold foil with large angles of deflection.
    A small number of alpha particles bounced back in the direction from which they came.
    Figure 3.2 Rutherford’s atomic Model
    Source:https://www.google.com/search?
    q=the+nuclear+model+of+an+atom&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjAva
    XgsfPxAhWFat4KHVA2BVUQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=9WIcXI
    AXQTcpHM&imgdii=Ry1y0nSh_qa--M
    James Chadwick (1891-1974) discovered the neutral particles, which he called
    neutrons which has slightly greater mass than protons. Neutrons are found in the
    nucleus of an atom in 1932.
    Arrangement of Elements in the Periodic Table
    The arrangements of elements in increasing atomic number make it easier to
    study the recurring patterns and trends of the 118 elements in the periodic table.
    Initially, it was proposed that elements should be arranged based on their atomic
    weights. However, in 1913, Henry Moseley (1887-1915) published his measurements
    on the wavelengths of spectral lights of 39 elements showing that the order of
    frequencies of wavelengths emitted by X-rays corresponds to atomic number.

    Bohr’s Planetary Model


    Rutherford’s model of an atom conflicted with the theory of electric fields as
    proposed by James Maxwell (1831-1879), which states that the particles will gradually
    lose energy by emitting radiation when a body moves in an orbit around an oppositely
    charged body. This loss of energy will cause electrons to move inward until they have
    direct contact with the nucleus, which is the opposite of their charge. If this theory
    applies to atoms, then atoms cannot be stable.
    Neils Bohr (1885-1962) incorporated the quantum concept of Max Planck

    You might also like