Reference Charts

PRONUNCIATION TABLE
Vowels Consonants
Symbol Key Words Symbol Key Words Symbol Key Words
i beat, feed p pack, happy z zip, please, goes
I bit, did b back, rubber ʃ ship, machine, station,
eI date, paid t tie special, discussion
ε bet, be d d die ± measure, vision
³ bat, ba d k came, key, quick h hot, wh o
ɑ box, odd, fa ther g game, guest m men
ɔ bought, dog tʃ church, nature, watch n sun, know, pneumonia
oυ boat, road d± judg e, general, major ŋ sung, ringing
υ book, good f fan, photograph w wet, white
u boot, foo d, flu v van l light, long
´ but, mud, mother θ thing, breath r right, wrong
ə banana, among ð then, breathe y yes
ɚ shirt, murder s sip, city, psychology
aI bite, cr y, buy, eye t butter, bottle
aυ about, h ow ˘
t² button
ɔI voice, boy
r
I deer
r
ε bare
ɑr bar
ɔr door
υr tour

IRREGULAR VERBS
base form simple past past participle base form simple past past participle
be was / were been leave left left

become became become let let let

begin began begun lose lost lost

break broke broken make made made

bring brought brought mean meant meant

build built built meet met met

buy bought bought pay paid paid

catch caught caught put put put

choose chose chosen quit quit quit

come came come read /rid/ read /r εd/ read /rεd/

cost cost cost ride rode ridden

cut cut cut ring rang rung

do did done rise rose risen
draw drew drawn run ran run

dream dreamed / dreamt dreamed / dreamt say said said

drink drank drunk see saw seen
drive drove driven sell sold sold

eat ate eaten send sent sent

fall fell fallen shake shook shaken

feed fed fed sing sang sung
feel felt felt sit sat sat

fight fought fought sleep slept slept

find found found speak spoke spoken

fit fit fit spend spent spent

fly flew flown stand stood stood

forget forgot forgotten steal stole stolen

get got gotten swim swam swum
give gave given take took taken

go went gone teach taught taught

grow grew grown tell told told

have had had think thought thought
hear heard heard throw threw thrown

hit hit hit understand understood understood

hold held held wake up woke up woken up
hurt hurt hurt wear wore worn

keep kept kept win won won

know knew known write wrote written

REFERENCES 123