● Biology – is the study of animals, plants, microbiology.

● – means “study of life”

● – deals with structures, functions, and relationships of living things and their environment.
● Microbiology – study of microorganism
● Botany – study of plants
● Zoology – study of animals
● Aristotle – father of biology
● Bio – means life
● Logos – means reason or study
● Taxonomy – naming and classifying organisms. Carolus Linnaues (father)
● Cytology – structures and functions of cells
● Embryology – formation and development of organisms.
● Anatomy – structures and parts of organisms
● Physiology – functions of living organisms and their parts
● Biochemistry – chemical compositions of living things
● Genetics – heredity and variation. Gregor Mendel (father of genetics)
● Evolution – origin and differentiation of various organisms. Charles Darwin (father)
● Ecology – Relationships of organisms with their environment and each other.
● Molecular biology – molecules that make up or influence the cells of living organisms.
● Genomics – genetic material (genome) of an organism
● Proteomics – proteins in a living organism
● Immunology – immune system and processes of immunity
● Bioinformatics – biological data using computer programs.
● Theory of spontaneous generation or abiogenesis – the idea that life could appear from nonliving
material. This idea is proposed by Aristotle.
● Biogenesis – the belief that life originates from preexisting life.
● Redi’s experiment – he concluded that life arose from living matter. (Francesco Redi)
● Needham’s – life in the broth was caused by spontaneous generation. He agreed with Aristotle’s
abiogenesis. (John Needham)
● Spallanzani’s – life occurred from something that entered the unsealed flask. (Lazzaro
Spallanzani)
● Pasteur’s – new bacteria appear only when they are produced by existing bacteria. (Louis
Pasteur)
● Divine creation – it is believed that life forms and everything in the universe were created
through a supernatural power rather than naturalistic means.
● Creationism – the belief that life arose from nothing but the power of a divine being.
● Spontaneous origin – life evolved from inanimate matter.
● Panspermia – a meteor or cosmic dust may have carried to earth significant amounts of organic
molecules, which started the evolution of life.
● Energy – the ability of organisms to do work and allows them to perform vital activities.
● Cellular respiration – the process by which energy is released.
● Metabolism – all chemical processes, reactions, and energy changes happening inside the body
of an organism.
● Nutrition – the process by which organisms acquire food.
● Homeostasis – the maintenance of the body’s internal environment.
● Motility or locomotion – the ability to move from one place to another.
● Tropism or response – the reaction of organism to stimuli.