Andrea T.

Tabafa Gen Chem 2

Stem 12-B

ATTRACTED TO INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

Part A: Frayer Model of Liquids and Solids

Pacticle Movement Pacticle Movement

Arangement the particles form a clean Arangement Particles move
and organized translatory and
arrangement. Although
able to slide past
the particles vibrate
each other. They
around their position in
are held by
the framework, they are
too firmly bound to move strong forces of
from one spot to attraction.
another.

Solid Liquid
Density Other Density Other
Characteristics Characteristics
• Diffusion is • no definite shape
High High
extremely slow. • has definite volume
• Least compressible • Particles can move
• Fixed volume and across each other
shape while remaining
• It slightly expands attracted to one
when heated. another.

TASK 1: My Hypothesis
Using what you have learned about the kinetic molecular model of liquids and solids, think of
a question you have about its properties. Create a plan to test your hypothesis. Was your
assumption corrects? If YES, what evidence can you present to support this claim? If NO, cite why?

Questions:
- What role does the kinetic molecular theory play in describing solid, liquid properties?

Hypothesis:
- The kinetic energy of solids is lower than that of liquids.
- Yes, It is correct. The fluidity and ability to flow of liquids is one of their most visible features. Liquids
are defined by their volume but not by their shape.

The shapes and volumes of solids are well-defined. Solid particles can move, but only for a short
distance. Solid particles oscillate in their natural state due to their low kinetic energy.

Part B: Types of Intermolecular Forces

Complete the Web of information about the Types of Intermolecular Forces of Attraction.

Ion-dipole London Dispersion Force

Interaction An
Slightly Very
of an ion Types of Intermolecular interaction
weak Weak
with the among
Forces of Attraction molecules
charge
end of with
another temporary
molecule. dipoles.

Dipole-Dipole
Interaction is Forces The attraction of a
inherently weaker than hydrogen atom bonded
intramolecular to a high
interactions like ionic, Hydrogen Bonding electronegativity
covalent, or metallic element, such as
Weak
bonds since it is an nitrogen, oxygen, or
intermolecular force fluorine, is an extreme
that operates between example of dipole-dipole
molecules. bonding.
TASK 2: 3-2-1
To reflect on what you have learned about the types of intermolecular forces, complete the exit slip
below.

Three Facts Two Questions You Still Have One Opinion

You Learned
1. Dispersion, Dipole–Dipole,
Hydrogen Bonding, and Ion-
Dipole are the 4 types of
intermolecular forces.
2. Dipole-Dipole Forces is
inherently weaker than
intramolecular interactions.
1. How can you tell which
dipole-dipole force is
stronger?
2. Why hydrogen bonding is
the strongest intermolecular
force?
You Have
1. Its challenging and
confusing, but once I find the
answer, it's quite fulfilling
because I've learned
something new.

3. Solid has high density.

Part C: Properties of Liquids and Intermolecular Forces

Complete the data table about the Properties of Liquids, their descriptions, and the effects of
Intermolecular forces of attraction. Perform the simple experiment and record your observations.

Properties Description Effect of Experiment Observations

of Liquids Intermolecular
Forces

Viscosity The molecules of The stronger the Record & Water falls in a
liquids’ resistant intermolecular compare the time split second,
to flow when forces, the more in seconds of 1tsp while oil falls in
they difficult for water and 1tsp 10 seconds.
move past each molecules to cooking oil flowing in
Other. move a tall
To each other. Transparent glass.
Boiling Point The temperature The higher the Put a cup of water in It boils after a
at which a liquid's boiling point, as a pot and let it Boil. minute. That is, it
vapor pressure with other has reached its
equals the intermolecular boiling point.
external pressure forces, the
stronger the
force.

Vapor The measure of Because of the Record and It took 15

Pressure the tendency of a strong compare the time minutes for a
material to intermolecular when a drop of drop of water to
change into the forces, water and a drop evaporate
gaseous state, evaporation is of ethyl alcohol entirely, but just
increases with slower and the completely 7 minutes for a
Temperature. vapor pressure is Evaporates from a drop of Ethyl
lower. piece of paper. Alcohol.
Surface Tension It is the measure The higher the Create soap To make a
of the energy surface tension, Bubbles in the air. bubble, I use
required to the stronger the dishwashing
expand the intermolecular liquid. The
surface of a liquid Forces. dishwashing
By a unit area. liquid helps to
reduce surface
tension.
Molar Heat When a The higher the Compare the two The boiling point
of Vaporization substance heat of substances given is directly
transitions from a vaporization, the based on their heat proportional to
liquid to a gas, stronger the of vaporization and the molar heat of
one mole absorbs intermolecular Boiling point. vaporization.
a certain quantity forces are. The
of heat. lower the
evaporation rate,
the greater the
intermolecular
forces.
TASK 3: NOW WHAT
To express the relevance of what you have learned about the properties of liquids And intermolecular
forces, answer the open-ended questions below.

What is the most essential
learning you had?
The experiment that I do is
the most important lesson I've
learned.
Why is it so important?
It is important because I am
able to recognize and
understand why certain things
occur.
How can you relate it to your
daily living?
I can use it when I am doing
some household chores. I can
identify which properties of
liquids are that.

Part D: Crystalline and Amorphous Solids

Statemen Agree/ Reference/ Where your Reflection
assumptions
t Disagre Source Correct?
e (YES/NO)
1.Crystalline Agree https://chem.libretexts.org Yes Crystalline solids are
solid /Courses/Oregon_Tech_Po generally classified
particles rtlandMetro_Campus/OT_- according the nature of
experience _PDX_- the forces that hold its
_Metro%3A_General_Che
Identical particles together.
mistry_II/06%3A_Applicati
attractions. ons_of_Bonding_and_Mod
ern_Materials/6.02%3A_Th
e_Solid_State_of_Matter
2.Amorphous Agree https://pressbooks- Yes Because their particles
solid has dev.oer.hawaii.edu/che experience identical
experienced a mistry/chapter/the- attractions, crystalline
Range of solid-state-of-matter/ solids have distinct
interactions. melting temperatures;
The particles in
amorphous solids
experience a range of
interactions, so they
soften gradually and melt
over a range of
temperatures.
3. Crystalline Agree https://pressbooks- Yes Some crystalline solids
solids dev.oer.hawaii.edu/che have defects in the
are arranged mistry/chapter/the- definite repeating pattern
in a solid-state-of-matter/ of their particles.
definite
repeating
pattern.
 4. Amorphous Agree https://pressbooks- Yes Others form amorphous
solid are dev.oer.hawaii.edu/che (noncrystalline) solids
randomly mistry/chapter/the- with an internal structure
Arranged. solid-state-of-matter/ that is not ordered.

Differentiate Crystalline from Amorphous Solids using the illustration below. Cite relevant information
to support your answer. Write your answer in the blank provided. Box the key terms that you use in
your sentences.

The illustration letter A is crystalline because

crystalline solid consist a large number of
small crystals, having definite geometrical
shape. Crystal have long range order which
indicate the regular pattern of arrangement
of particles which repeated over the entire
crystal.
The illustration letter B is Amorphous
because amorphous consist of particles with
irregular shape. The constituent particle has
only short range order. They have structure
similar to that liquids.

TASK 4: EXIT SLIP

To specify the relevant experiences, you had about crystalline and amorphous solids, answer the open-
ended questions below.

What have you learned?

I learned that crystalline has a regular pattern of arrangement of particles while the amorphous has
particles with irregular shape.

Where you surprise about it? Why?

Yes, because basic things that we assume are simple, such as rubber and glass are example of
amorphous solid, we realize that they are not just a simple thing but when we study them and see the
particles that they contain we will surprise about it.

What did you find confusing and need clarifications?

As of now I can’t find it confusing.