METODE DALAM

PSIKOLOGI SOSIAL
PER T EM U AN I I I
 LATAR BELAKANG
CIRI MENARIK DARI PSIKOLOGI SOSIAL
ILMU YANG MEMBAHAS TOPIK YANG RELEVAN
DENGAN PENGALAMAN KESEHARIAN

PSIKOLOGI SOSIAL → ILMU EMPIRIS

MENGGUNAKAN METODE SISTEMATIS UNTUK
MENGUMPULKAN INFORMASI TENTANG KEHIDUPAN
SOSIAL DAN UNTUK MENGUJI KKEGUNAAN SUATU
TEORI
BERSAMBUNG...

Dapat dilakukan :
• Laboratorium
• Observasi, wawancara, kuesioner
 • NATURALISTIC OBSERVATIONS
• CASE STUDIES
• SURVEY
• CORRELATIONAL STUDIES
• EXPERIMENTS

DIFFERENT TYPES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL

RESEARCH
 NATURALISTIC OBSERVATIONS

TO STUDY BEHAVIORS IS TO OBSERVE AND RECORED THEM

IN THE NATURAL LIFE SETTINGS OF THE SUBJECTS BEING
STUDIED

OBSERVATION WITHOUT INTERFERENCE WITH THE SUBJECTS

EXAMPLES
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGIST OBSERVE YOUNG
CHILDREN DURING THEIR PLAY-TIME TO UNDERSTAND HOW
FRIENDSHIP IS DEVELOPED, AND HOW YOUNG CHILDREN
RESOLVE CONFLICTS
 CONTINUE

Individual behaviors are altered by the knowledge of the

presence of observers

Develop a careful and systematic plan before conducting

naturalistic observations in order to minimize the effects of
reactivity and other possible distractions

Naturalistic data has the impotant vlue of providing

psychologists and practitioners with insights about human
behaviors ➔ difficult to conslusions behavioral patterns
observed ➔ impossible to control the antecedents of
behaviors
 CASE STUDIES
AN IN-DEPT INVESTIGATION OF AN INDIVIDUAL OR A
SMALL GROUP OF PEOPLE.

CASE STUDIES ARE PARTICULARLY USEFUL IN THE

INVESTIGATION OF UNUSUAL EVENTS, INCLUDING
NATURAL DISASTERS, SUICIDES, AND LETHAL VIOLENCE

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) ➔ death &

psychological trauma ➔ infected regions
➔ Identify the stressors and psychosocial effects of the
pandemic on health care workers
 CONTINUE...

Practicioners for the provision of coping nd stress

management training for health care workers ➔
future of infectious pandemics & suitable
psychological intervention programs for surviviors

To provide useful insight about approaches to

treatment and intervention

Earthquake in China 2008 ➔ practiononers adopted

a holistic case approach to disaster internvention,
and sharedd their case findings with other
professionals
 CONTINUE...

Psychologist adopt multiple methods in collecting

data for in-depth analyses of cases being studied
➔observation, inteviews with the subjects , relatives &
friends
➔Psychological assessment
➔Psychological testing
 SURVEY

❖ Psychologist obtain data from subjects by directly

asking them for information ➔ personal
background, opinions , attitudes, beleiefs, and
behaviors through interviews and questinnaires

To conduct:
1. Identify the population
2. The characteristics of population ➔ samples ➔
random sampling
3. Social desirablity bias
 TUJUAN UMUM PENELITIAN PSIKOLOGI
SOSIAL
1. DESKRIPSI
MELAKUKAN GENERALISASI YANG RELIABEL
TENTANG TINDAKAN SOSIAL
2. ANALISIS KAUSAL
MENGETAHUI HUBUNGAN SEBAB AKIBAT
3. PENYUSUNAN TEORI
MENYUSUN TEORI DALAM MEMAHAMI ALASAN DARI
PERILAKU
4. APLIKASI
APLIKASI UNTUK MEMECAHKAN MASALAH SOSIAL →
PEMBELAJARAN MENGONTROL DORONGAN AGRESIF
DAN MEGEMBANGKAN HUBUNGAN PERSONAL YANG
LEBIH BAIK.
 CORRELATIONAL STUDIES

• To examine whether there are any systematic

relationships between two or more variables
• To discover whether the variables under
investigation vary with one another
• The data can be obtained through various means
➔ observations and surveys
 EXPERIMENTS

• The aforementioned research methods is that no

cause-and-effect relationships can be ascertained
• Manipulated one r more variables that are believed
to have influence on another variable under
controlled conditions
 MEMILIH PARTISIPAN RISET
MEMASTIKAN KETERWAKILAN DENGAN
MEMPELAJARI SAMPEL ACAK DARI POPULASI

MEMPERTIMBANGKAN ASPEK PRAKTIS DAN

TUJUAN PENGUMPULAN DATA YANG DAPAT
DIGENERALISASIKAN

KEBUTUHAN SAMPEL YANG REPRESENTATIF

AKAN TERGANTUNG PADA PERTANYAAN
YANG DIAJUKAN
 METODE PENGUMPULAN DATA

1. PELAPORAN DIRI
2. RISET OBSERVASIONAL
3. ARSIP
4. INTERNET
 BIAS DALAM PENELITIAN

1. BIAS EKSPERIMENTER
2. BIAS SUBJEK
3. REPLIKASI