LICEO DE CAGAYAN UNIVERSITY

College of Business and Accountancy

Hospitality and Tourism Management Department
______________________________________________________________________
Subject: CRUISE TOURISM
Instructor: Mr. Red Santos MA-HRD
Email address: rsantosjr@liceo.edu.ph

ACTIVITY 09
Name: Prissy Pazia L. Tinoy Due date: October 11, 2021
Course and Year: BSTM-IV

Instruction: Read the materials sent in your Google class and answer the questions below.

1. Define coastal waters and support your answer by providing pictures?

Coastal areas are low-lying zones that connect continents. Commerce, recreation, fishing,
and trash disposal are all everyday activities in these areas. The salinity and temperature of
coastal environments can alter dramatically.
2. Explain the salinity and temperature in coastal areas?

Because oceans cover such a vast region, their salinity and temperature vary, causing
water to flow in masses in the form of currents. These currents influence coastal areas and the
climate as a whole. Given a constant temperature, the salinity decreases from the surface
ocean to deep waters is often highly minimal, ranging from about 36 g/L (ppt) at the surface to
35 g/L (ppt) in the deep water. Its salinity also influences seawater's freezing point
temperature.

3. What is estuary and give examples?

Estuaries are coastal bodies of water that are partially enclosed. After the last Ice Age, a
rise in sea level created this body of water. River mouths, bays, inlets, gulfs, and sounds are
examples of estuaries.

4. Define coastal wetlands?

Coastal wetlands are swampy habitats that surround coastal areas. There is brackish water
in these regions. Salt marshes (mid-latitudes) and mangrove swamps are the two most
important forms of coastal wetlands (low latitudes).
5. What is marine pollution?

According to the World Health Organization, water pollution is the introduction of

substances or energy into the marine environment, including estuaries, by humans, which has
or is likely to have deleterious effects such as harm to living resources and marine life, hazards
to human health, an impediment to marine activities, such as fishing and other legitimate uses
of the sea, impairment of seawater quality, and reduction of amenities.

6. Explain the pollution in coastal areas?

Because they are widely used, coastal waters are particularly vulnerable to pollution. It is
also close to pollution sources. It is made up of shallow water bodies. Finally, it does not have
the same level of circulation as the open ocean. Pollution in coastal rivers and estuaries has
ecological effects such as loss or change in biodiversity, habitat, ecosystem function, and
ecological processes.

7. What are the main types of marine pollution and explain each?

Four significant factors cause marine contamination. Petroleum is the first. The oil that
washes up on a beach might harm the marine ecosystem. Marine organisms can be coated in
oil, rendering their insulating fur or feathers ineffective. The most prominent and visible cause
of oil pollution in the marine environment is operational discharges and spills of oil from ships,
particularly tankers, offshore platforms, and pipelines. Sewage sludge is the second source.
After sewage treatment, it is the semisolid material that's left. Until regulations prohibiting
sewage dumping, a lot of sewage sludge was deposited offshore. The third pollutants are DDT
(Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyl). DDT, a widely used
pesticide that accumulated in marine species, led brown pelicans and ospreys to lay eggs with
thin shells. DDT has been banned from agricultural use worldwide, although it is still used in
small amounts for public health objectives. While PCBs are industrial chemicals utilized in
industrial equipment such as power transformers as liquid coolants and insulation. Leaks and
 discarded equipment are both sources of PCBs in the maritime environment. PCBs can build
up in animal tissues and have an impact on reproduction. The fourth one is Mercury. It has
numerous industrial purposes, but it is exceedingly poisonous. Large amounts of Mercury were
spilled into Minamata Bay, Japan, by a chemical plant. Residents who ate severely
contaminated fish developed neurological problems and had problems giving birth (Minamata
disease). The last source of pollution affecting the marine population is non-point source
pollution. These compounds arise from "poison runoff" that is washed down storm drains.
Fertilizers, insecticides, road oil, and rubbish are examples of this—more prominent sources,
such as farms, ranches, and forest areas.

8. Explain the effect of plastic in the marine environment, support your answer by giving
examples?

According to the United Nations, marine debris affects at least 800 species globally, with
plastic accounting for up to 80% of the waste. Every minute, up to 13 million metric tons of
plastic is projected to wind up in the ocean, the equivalent of a trash or garbage truckload.
Suffocation, malnutrition, and drowning can occur when fish, seabirds, sea turtles, and marine
mammals become entangled or eat plastic garbage. This hazard is not limited to humans:
While plastics take hundreds of years to degrade completely, some decompose much faster
into microscopic particles, which wind up in the seafood we consume. Plastics have
characteristics that can be harmful. These include the lack of ability to biodegrade. It floats and
has high strength. Furthermore, it can be ingested by marine animals, which can be very
harmful to these species.