Artificial Intelligence

LECTURE 0 (COURSE OVERVIEW)

IMAMUL AHSAN
LECTURER
D E PA R T M E N T O F C S E
PRIME UNIVERSITY
Course Background
In this Course you will be learning:

AI concepts, terminology and application areas.

Subdomains of AI.

AI: Issues, Concerns and Ethical considerations.

Future of AI.
Prerequisites of this course
1) Strong knowledge of Mathematics.

2) Good command over programming languages.

3) Ability to understand complex algorithms.

https://nuro.ai/ https://www.tesla.com/ https://www.lemonade.com/

Artificial Intelligence in movies
Artificial Intelligence Today
Artificial Intelligence Today

Intelligent voice Assistant

Self Driving Cars
Artificial Intelligence Today
A young science (≈ 60 years old)
• Exciting and dynamic field, impressive success stories
• Lots uncharted territory left
• “Intelligent” in specialized domains
• Many application areas
Artificial Intelligence in Future
Stanford University is hosting a study Examine Effects of Artificial Intelligence
• One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence
https://ai100.stanford.edu/

• The study, funded by Microsoft research is to examine impacts of AI on society,

including on the economy, war and crime, over the course of a century
https://pulse.microsoft.com/en/transform-en/na/fa1-articial-intelligence-report-at-a-glance/
The beginnings of AI

Alan Turing
Can Machines Think?
A. M. Turing (1950)
Computing Machinery and Intelligence
Mind 49: 433-460
The beginnings of AI
Important Research Areas
There are many specialized subfields (each of them is a separate
course - often graduate course)
Machine learning
Computer vision
Natural language processing
Robotics
Intelligent User Interfaces and many more
What is AI?
Some definitions that have been proposed
1. Systems that think like humans
2. Systems that act like humans
3. Systems that think rationally
4. Systems that act rationally
A I vs Cognitive Science
Intelligence
Intelligence is the ability is to define and set goals and to
develop behavior to achieve these goals.
What is AI?
Some definitions that have been proposed
1. Systems that think like humans
2. Systems that act like humans
3. Systems that think rationally
4. Systems that act rationally
Thinking like humans
Model the cognitive functions and behaviors of humans.
Humans are the best example of Intelligence.
So, we should use this example.

How do we measure thought?

Use and apply Cognitive science (measure how people’s
mind operate).
What is AI?
Some definitions that have been proposed
1. Systems that think like humans
2. Systems that act like humans
3. Systems that think rationally
4. Systems that act rationally
Acting like humans
Turing Test (1950) provided operational definition of
intelligent behavior.
Acting like humans
No machine has successfully passed the extensive Turing
test so you might take a chance.
There is a prize for building successful bot that can pass the
Turing test (The Loebner Prize).
Prize of $100,000 and gold medal.
Why are we replicating human
behavior?
Certainly the human behavior have some limitations.
Is acting like human we really want?
Some behaviors of human are also not considered as
intelligent behavior.
Simulation based learning.
Chabot for entertainment purpose.
What is AI?
Some definitions that have been proposed
1. Systems that think like humans
2. Systems that act like humans
3. Systems that think rationally
4. Systems that act rationally
Thinking rationally
What is rationality?
An abstract ideal of intelligence (making decisions from
right and wrong)
Ancient Greeks invented syllogisms: argument structures
that always yield correct conclusions given correct premises.
This led to logic, and probabilistic reasoning which we'll
discuss in this course.
Is rational thought enough?
A system that only thinks and doesn’t do anything is quite
useless.
Any means of communication would already be an action.
And it is hard to measure thought in the first place.
What is AI?
Some definitions that have been proposed
1. Systems that think like humans
2. Systems that act like humans
3. Systems that think rationally
4. Systems that act rationally
Acting rationally
It is easier to define rational action than rational thought.

Human being is the perfect example for this.

Rationality is cleanly defined in human behavior.
Sometimes the human behavior is not rational. For example:
shopping. In that case, we want make our agent rational.
Important milestones of AI
Deep Blue and Alpha GO are important milestones.
Definition of AI
Textbook definition will look like this:

Artificial Intelligence is a way of making a computer, a

computer-controlled robot, or a software think intelligently,
in the similar manner the intelligent humans think.
Goals of AI
To Create Expert Systems − The systems which exhibit
intelligent behavior, learn, demonstrate, explain, and advice
its users.

To Implement Human Intelligence in Machines − Creating

systems that understand, think, learn, and behave like
humans.
Applications of AI
Applications of AI
Advantages of AI
1) Reduction in Human Error.
2) Takes risks instead of Humans
3) Available 24×7
4) Helping in Repetitive Jobs
5) Digital Assistance
Disadvantages of AI
1) High Costs of Creation
2) Making Humans Lazy
3) Unemployment
4) No Emotions
5) Lacking Out of Box Thinking
Questions???
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